http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/citizen/becoming-howto.html
To become a Canadian citizen, you must:
be 18 years of age or older;
be a permanent resident of Canada;
have lived in Canada for at least three of the four years before applying;
be able to communicate in either English or French;
know about Canada; and
know about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
Adults must have lived in Canada for at least three years (1,095 days) out of the four years preceding the application. Please note that you cannot meet the residence requirements for citizenship without a minimum of 2 years as a permanent resident. Time spent in Canada before becoming a permanent resident may be counted toward becoming a Canadian citizen if it falls within the four-year period. To find out if you meet the residence requirements to become a Canadian citizen, you can use the residence calculator.
A child (under 18 years of age) must be a permanent resident of Canada to apply for Canadian citizenship. To apply on behalf of your child, you must either:
already be a citizen; or
apply for citizenship at the same time.
Children do not need to have lived in Canada for three years before applying.