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TWE议论文写作概论

原文链接:https://forum.iask.ca/threads/11381/

zhangyl : 2005-04-28#1
议论文亦称论说文,目的在于论说一种观点.论说的过程包含对别的观点的驳斥."托福"中议论文作文题所给的条件一般包括一个问题,两种观点或几种选择,要求考生加以评论,提出自己的看法,或选择,并说明理由.
  "托福"议论文的作文题特徵决定了作文写法的基本框架,准备时应主要练习两种写法,第一种是演绎法,及把自己的观点在文章的前部直截了当地摆出,然后再把论据一条一条地叙述,支持前面的观点.论据可以合写成一段,也可以按一个论据一个自然段的方式排列.论据写完后,文章便可以结束,也可以再加一段,重提前面的观点,并作进一步的阐说.第二种是归纳法,采用与演绎法相反的手段,显逐条分析,列出论据,最后自然地得出结论,表明自己的观点.无论何种方法,论据应力求全面客观,实事求是,以增强说服力.
  议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面: 首先,要用恰当的逻辑词表示文章的逻辑性.第二,要注意自然段与主题句的运用,即用自然段表示出文章的逻辑性,并在每段中用主题句说明要点,给人一目了然的感觉.第三个重要方面是句型结构,写作时应注意每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接,使句意一环扣一环,避免松散.
议论文写作样例:到美国留学问题
Some argue that students should stay in their own country and study. Other argue that studying in he United States is more beneficial. Discuss the advantages of each situation, and explain which you think is better.
试题分析
一:条件:到美国留学问题/有人认为学生应在国内学习/有些认为赴美留学更有益
二:要求:讨论在国内学习和赴美学习两种情况各自的优点,并说明你认为哪种学习方法更好
三:写作分析:本题对每个考生都是熟题,但每个人都有自己的想法,有些想法不宜明言,例如生活标准问题,依赖奖学金或打工助学问题,移民问题等.文章应从正面谈,围绕学习本身,学习环境和学习费用等问题进行分析.根据题目要求,重点应放在两种情况的有利方面.不利的方面也要谈,但只应在比较的过程中谈,目的是得出结论,为自己的观点服务.既然每位考生都想能到外国学习深造,应该取何种观点不言而喻,文中可明确表达.
Nowadays, many students of the less developed countries go to the United States to pursue their studies. Some people think that these students are lucky to have the chance while others hold that it would be better for them to study in their own countries. The two views are bith right to some extent because each situation has its advantages.
Students studying in the United States can make use of the modern educational facilities there, such as laboratories,libraries, and teaching aids. They have the access to advanced knowledge of science and technology and they can learn English more quickly than in their own countries. Besides, their contacts wit different cultures and customs can broaden their minds and hence make them have a better understanding of their own countries.
Students studying in their home countries have no language barriers in reading books, attending classes, and discussing their lessons with their teachers or fellow students. Consequently, they can achieve better results than in the U.S. Besides, they do not lose contact with the cultures of their home countries and they have fewer difficulties in their life. What is more important to most of the students is that education at home is less costly and they can concentrate on their study instead of doing part-time jobs to support their study.
My view is that the two situations have both advantages and disadvantages. To minimaze the losses and maximize the gains, we should fist of all make a sound decision on the optimum time of departure. It is better to learn the basics of our subjects and achieve a certain degree of English proficiency in our home countries because it saves both time and money. After this stage, it is better for us to go the United States and pursue our study there. The life in the U.S. may be busier and sometimes hard, but it is a worthwhile sacrifice for the most important consideration--academic achievements.
范文分析
文章认为留学较好,但这个观点没在前部表达,而是放在了最后一段.同时,文章的观点并非简单的赞同或反对,避免了绝对化.具体写法与分段如下:
第一段:叙述情况,指出各有优点
第二段:赴美学习的有利一面
第三段:在本国国内学习的有利一面
第四段:指出应在国内打基础,然后到美国深造,同时表示决心
议论文写作样例:某大学计划设立一个新的研究中心
A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture(farming).Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your recommendation.
试题分析
一.条件: 某大学计划设立一个新的研究中心/有人要建商业中心/另一种建议是建农业研究中心
二.要求: 推荐其中一种方案,谈出具体理由.
三.写作分析: 该题为陌生题,可能会有内容方面的困难.应该谈本国国内之事,可选任一种方案,但最好谈自己熟悉的话题.要结合实际,列出充足的理由.
参考范文:
Since the announcement of the University's plan to develop a new research center in our country, many people have showed their concern for the project and expressed their views of type of center it should be. It is now clear that the diversified views have converged to two: a business research center or an agriculture research center. Now that we have to make a decision, I think we should chooses the latter without hesitation.
As everybody knows, our country is an agricultural country whose farming produce is not enough to feed its own people. We have no way out but to develop our agriculture because agriculture is the foundation of our national economy and because it would be a disaster to the whole world if we rely on foreign food to feed the biggest population in the world.
To develop our agriculture, we cannot just call on the peasants to work harder because they have being working the hardest from generation to generation. What we should do is to raise their educational level and provide them with better seeds, more fertilizers, advanced machinery and equipment, and up-to-date technical advises. In short, we have to rely on science and technology to develop our agriculture.
Some people would say that this cannot be a convincing reason because science and technology are needed not only in agriculture but also in all other fields. My view is that our situation in agriculture is the most serious and the challenges are the greatest. Ours is a big country with widely different climates and soil conditions. If we are to assist the peasants, we have to study all types of crops and all the farming conditions in this land. With a research center, these problems can be studied and solved systematically. But so far, no agriculture research center worthy of the name has been set up while there is already a business center in the southern part of the country.
Because of the above reasons, I strongly recommend that we develop a research center for agriculture purpose and I also strongly recommend this center be well funded. If wee take this step and succeed in this endeavor, our agricultural produce will be greatly increased and our whole national economy will have a solid foundation.
范文写法说明:
结合我国国情,选择设立农业研究中心的方案.采用演绎法,先摆出总的观点,然后谈出理由.全文分五个自然段:
(1)说明情况,表明态度.
(2)农业落后,必须发展.
(3)发展农业应靠科技.
(4)农业最需要科技
(5)重申观点,进一步强调.
议论文写作样例:体力型娱乐活动与脑力型活动相比较
There are people who argue that physical recreation is more important than intellectual activities. There are others who believe the opposite. Which do you think is more valuable to someone of your age?
试题分析
一. 条件:体力型娱乐活动与脑力型活动相比较/有人认为前者更重要/有人认为后者更重要.
二. 要求:两种观点选其一,谈对你这种年纪的人哪种活动更有价值.
三. 写作分析: 该题为熟题,凡学生都有体会和见解.为写作方便,两种活动都应理解为工作,学习之余的娱乐活动. 观点可自定,但必须能自圆其说.体力与脑力之间的关系不能孤立地谈, 应考虑年龄,职业,身体状况,精神状态等因素. 因此,文章应采取辩证的观点,重在分析. 若用演绎法,应先表明观点,然后逐条说明理由;若用归纳法,则应先分析利弊,最后得出结论.
Though physical recreation and intellectual activities are two basic ways in which people spend their leisure time, the former is more important for people of my generation, who are in their twenties and who are still studying hard for more academic achievements. This view is based on a consideration of our age, our main occupation, and the characteristics of the two forms of recreation.
We young people are full of energy and physically active, but we have to sit for hours a day racking our brains. What we need to complement this way of life is something that can make up the lack of physical exercise and at the same time divert our attention for a while from our academic work. Intellecture activities such as chess games, reading novels, and listening to music can help us escape from our worries and make us forget our study for a moment, but they involve no physical activities and, what's more, they are more or less still a form of mental activities. For instance, we may feel mentally tired after some games of chess and our study will be affected. In contrast, physical recreation can provide us with a lot of physical exercises and true mental relaxation. A ballgame, for example, can build up our muscles, flex our joints, speed up our blood circulation, and enhance our bodily organs. After the game, we may feel physically exhausted, but we can sit down and get absorbed in our study more easily.
The above view, however, does not mean that one form is "meat" and the other is "poison". Occasionally, when we are physically exhausted or when we are in good mood, a game of chess or an interesting TV program can make us feel much better afterwards.
范文写法说明:
  采用演绎法,现表明自己的观点,后说明理由. 文章用简单的三段式方式,只有三个自然段,如下:
(1)总的观点与理由
(2)具体说明
(3)指出例外情况,使分析严密
议论文写作样例:学生/俱乐部/运动之类的校内活动
Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports. Other students do not take part in such activities because they spend more time on their studies. Tell why you think the two groups of students spend their time differently. Which type of student do you prefer to be? Explain why?
试题分析:
一,条件: 学生/俱乐部/运动之类的校内活动/有些学生参加这类活动/有些学生因花在学习上的时间较多而不参加这类活动.
二,要求: 解释这两种学生在使用时间方面不相同的原因,并说明你选择成为哪种学生及理由
三,写作分析: 本题为学生话题,人人皆有话可说,难度在于分析两种学生的心理因素.人的行为受多种因素制约,当我们讨论某种类型的群体行为时,应注意同一行为背后的不同制约因素.就学生的活动而言,思想起作用,性格也起作用,人与人之间各不相同,应在分析中指出.自己的选择和理由可以以分析为基础.
There are always two kinds of students: those who take an active part in school activities such as clubs, sports, and parties and those who shun school activities and spend more time on their studies.
The reason why they behave so can be broadly classified into two types: subconscious and conscious. The subconscious reason is related to personality. Some students are active because of their sociable personality while those with a lonely personality feel more comfortable when they are on their own. The conscious type is complex and consists of a number of heterogeneous reasons, all of which are related to conscious choices. Some students choose to take an active part in school activities because they want to get more experiences, make more friends, train themselves physically, relax themselves mentally or simply enjoy themselves. Other students spend more time studying because they think their study is more important than everything else or because they have difficulties in their study and have to cut out all nonacademic activities.
As a student myself, I'm always of the view that we should make full use of our precious time and try our best to study well. At the same time, we should arrange our time reasonably so that we can get some physical exercise, relax ourselves from time to time, gain some new experiences, and have some social contacts. These may take us some time but they can also benefit our study. The key point is that we should appropriately handle the relationship between our studies and school activities. Though personality plays a role in our way of behavior, it is not something that decides everything. As human beings, we can adopt a sound policy of life and adapt ourselves to our surroundings.
范文分析
  全文分三段,首段叙述试题所给条件,并对条件略加改变和润色,但不给观点.第二段解释两类学生在使用时间方面不一致的原因,首先把原因分成潜意识和有意识两种,然后分别说明.潜意识与性格有关,有意识的原因则很复杂,原因不一,行为表现都相同.最后一段谈自己,说明自己应珍惜时间,努力学习,但也应安排好时间,注意锻炼身体和休息,也应有一定的社会交往.为与第二段的分析相配合,文章结尾时指出人有适应性,性格也可以改变,以表示自己当个好学生的决心.
论文写作样例:有些人以钱购物/有些人以物换物
Some people pay money for things they want or need. Others trade products or goods for what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you prefer? Explain why.
试题分析:
一, 条件: 有些人以钱购物/有些人以物换物
二, 要求: 首先比较两种方法的优点,然后说明自己选择何种方法,并给出理由.
三,写作分析:本题有关经济学,有些考生可能不太熟悉,只能利用想象力思考.写时注意将之当作抽象问题讨论,用一般现在时. 同时注意根据题目要求只谈优点,缺点在两项的比较过程中体现.谈到自己的选择时,注意与上文的比较与分析相呼应,不要过于简单化.
Their two basic ways in which people pay for things or services they want or need. One is to pay money; the other is to pay in kind. Each of the two ways has its advantages.
Using money as a means of exchange has three obvious advantages. The first is that it is convenient for the buyer to carry the money for a transaction. The second is that because money is a moral means of exchange, it enables both the buyer and the seller to evaluate more accurately the goods involved according to a widely accepted standard. The third advantages is that it is easier for the seller to keep the money after the transaction and it is more convenient for him to use the money for whatever he needs in the future. It is because of these advantages that money is now used worldwide and has become the most precious commodity itself.
Exchanging things, or paying in kind, or barter, is a normal way of transaction before money came into being and is still used widely in international trade and occasionally in daily life. This kind of payment has two discernable advantages. Firstly, the two sides involved in a transaction can make use of what they have to get what they need. For instance, when a person has more meat but no bread, he can trade the surplus meat for the badly needed bread with a person who has more bread but no meat. The second advantages is that the two sides of a transaction can avoid the possible losses due to the fluctuation of the values of currencies or prices. This advantage is obvious when the buyer and the seller use different currencies or when both the buyer and the seller have a sense of insecurity because of the unstable prices.
As for me, I normally prefer to pay money for what I need because money is the only form of payment used by others to pay me. But I do not object to trading things with others when it is necessary or when it is the best solution.
范文写法分析
全文打一分三段,自然段为四段.
第一段叙述条件,指出各有优点.最后一句是主题句,表明下文的中心大意是分析两种方法的优点.
第二,三自然段的大意被主题句限定之后,不能随意改动,所以分别列出了几条优点.
第四自然段的观点建立在分析的基础上,也受自己实际情况的限制.一般应说明以钱币购物的方式较适合,但不排斥有时也可以物易物.
议论文写作样例:有小孩的利弊
More than ever before, married couples today are choosing not to have children. These couples say that children bring more misery than joy. Do you believe that the advantages of having children overweigh the disadvantages? Or do you think that married couple have a better life without children? In a brief essay, discuss with positions and explain which position you support.
试题分析
一,条件: 现在的情况/与过去相比/已婚夫妇不愿要孩子/理由是孩子带来的烦恼多于快乐
二 要求: 回答两个问题:有小孩的利是否大于弊? 不生小孩的夫妇生活是否更好一些?
三 写作分析: 本题是熟题,但有的考生可能因为本人经历而尚未考虑过此事,需要临时构思.本片用演绎法和归纳法都可以,下笔前应先确定.文章的主题是利弊分析,应当言之有理,条理清楚.自己的观点由自己决定,对文章好坏影响不大.
One of the greatest changes in family life nowadays is that many couples decide not to have any children because they think that children bring more misery than joy. To my mind, these couples are not only short-sighted but also selfish.
It is an undeniable fact that a married couple without children have more opportunities to get jobs, enjoy the freedom from the troubles and worries caused by children, and can spend all the money they earn for their own pleasure and comforts, but they should not forget that there are also three outweighing advantages in having children. Firstly, children can bring a great deal of joy to a couple, especially after the honey moon ot the first happy years. Secondly, children may bring some cohesive force to a family. This is because family conflicts are unavoidable and can snowball, leading to broken marriages. With a child or children in a family, the two sides of the conflicts can easily reach a compromise or mutual understanding unless there is something really serious. Thirdly, a couple without children will be helpless when they are too old to help themselves. They can ask others for help, but "Blood is thicker than water"; they can never enjoy the reliable and timely help from their offsprings. In short, from a long point of view, the advantages of having children overweigh those of having no children
From a social point of view, those who choose to be childless are selfish and irresponsible. Human society needs to carry on and its members should give birth to babies, bring them up, and educate them according to the requirements of society. If everybody escapes from these responsibilities out of selfish considerations, there will be no human beings on the planet of earth. This view of mine, however, does not mean that we should have as many children as possible. If we are responsible members of the human society, we should also limit the number of our children according to the social requirements.
范文写法说明
  文章采用演绎法,在第一段就表达了作者观点,形成主题句.主题句起统领下文的作用,决定了下文的内容与写法.因此,第二段在肯定优点的同时指出了生小孩的三个优点,并逐一说明.第三段围绕第一段的主题句,从社会角度说明不要孩子是自私和部负责任的表现.文章最后说明作者赞同要小孩,但主张对孩子的数量进行控制. 这样写,观点容易被接受.
议论文写作样例:孩子的成长
Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers more advantages than disadvantages. Other people think that being an only child is more advantageous. Write a short essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position. Explain which position you support.
试题分析
一:条件 孩子的成长/有人认为在兄弟姐妹较多的家庭中成长利多于弊/有人认为独生子女更有利.
二:要求 讨论两种情况的利弊,说明你支持何种观点
三:写作分析本题是目前很多人关心和讨论的问题,人人有话可说.写作时对两种情况的利弊应认真分析,各列出几点.支持何种观点可任意选择.子女众多的大家庭是传统家庭模式,但发展趋势是家庭越来越小.
Many people who are concerned with the number of children a family should have are discussing the advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of children. Some believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers offers more advantages than disadvantages while others think that being an only child is more advantageous. This is an interesting topic worth discussing.
In a big family, children live, play, and study together. Consequently, they never feel lonely and their life is usually full of joy, which helps to develop a normal personality. Children in a big family can also help each other and thus reduce burdens on the parents and develop a sense of fraternity. Besides, the life in a family with parents and several children resembles the life in society. The leadership, the share and give, and the mutual help and understanding existing in a big family can better prepare the children for their future life when they are members of society. One disadvantage of growing up in a big family is that no child can get all the love and care of the parents. Another disadvantage is that disagreements and conflicts may result from different characters, likes and dislikes, and uneven distribution of love and care. The third is that children in a big family may live a poorer life if the parents are not so well-off. Lastly, it is possible for the eldest child to develop a domineering personality and for the youngest to be overindulged.
In comparison with the life in a big family, the life of being an only child has four obvious advantages. Firstly, the child enjoys the privilege of being the center of attention and can get all the love and care of the parents. Secondly, the parents are usually able to satisfy all the material needs of the child. Thirdly, the child is completely free from the possible conflicts often found in a big family. Lastly, because of lack of mutual help and because the parents can not be with the child all the time, the child is likely to develop an independent character that will enable him or her to succeed more easily in society. However, the disadvantages of being an only child are also obvious. The lack of playmates at home and the possible overindulgence because of being the only child may lead to an eccentric character that will make it difficult for him or her to get along with others when he or she grows up
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the two situations, I find it difficult to support either of the positions. It seems to me that it is better for a couple to have two children because this solution can preserver most of the advantages and avoid most of the disadvantages found in the two situations discussed above.
范文写作分析:
  文章采用归纳法,先分析,后得出结论.全文语义分三大段,条件叙述,分析两种情况的利弊,自己的观点.全文将两种情况分别讨论,形成四个自然段
第一段: 叙述条件,引出话题
第二段: 大家庭的利弊
第三段: 独生子女成长的利弊
第四段: 自己的观点(折衷态度)
议论文写作样例:患不治之症的患者
Should a person with an incurable illness spend his last days in a hospital where he or she can receive the best possible medical care? Or should this person be permitted to die at home? In a brief essay, respond to the above questions. be sure to explain which position you support.
试题分析
一 条件: 患不治之症的患者/在人世间的最后一段时间/到医院接受最好的医疗与护理/允许在家谢世
二 要求: 就上述条件与两种处理方法发表意见,说明你支持何种做法
三 写作分析: 本题是世界范围内经常争论的话题,但至今无定论.写作时可支持任何观点,写法用演绎法或归纳法.
Should a person with an incurable illness spend his last days in a hospital where he or she can receive the best possible medical care? Or should this person be permitted to die at home? These two questions are difficult to answer and may cause some heated arguments. My view is that we have to consider two different situations and make our decisions accordingly.
The first possible situation is that the patient is still conscious and able to express himself. In this case, we should talk to him and find out his own opinion. If he wishes to stay in a hospital, we should send him there and try to get the best medical care for him no matter how much it will cost. If he wants to stay at home, we should show respect for his opinion and do our best at home for him no matter how troublesome it may be. The rationale of this view is that the best we can do for a dying person is to satisfy his last wishes except when he wants euthanasia in a country in which it is still illegal.
The other possible situation is that the patient is no longer able to express himself. In this case, it is better to let him stay at home and spend his last days with his relatives. This view is based on the following considerations. This first is that since the patient is going to die anyway, it is better for him to die at home instead of a place where his relatives are not allowed to stay with him all the time. The second is that it would be a waste of money, time, and energy to hospitalize the patient. The third is that what a hospital can do for a dying person can only bring more suffering to him. For instance, operations or intravenous drips are useless and painful and fist aids applied to him can only make him live longer to suffer more. The best thing a hospital can do is to reduce his pains in his last days, but this can also be done at home.
In short, my view is that when the questions are considered objectively, the answer is clear: it is better for him, for his relatives, and for society if the patient stays and dies at home. However, as human beings, we cannot discuss a patient without emotional considerations. To fully understand this position, we can just imagine how we would feel if one of our realties were suffering from an incurable illness.
范文写作分析
对于这个涉及到复杂而又微妙的感情之事,作者避免了简单的表态方式.文章采用演绎法,在第一段摆明自己的观点,然后详细说明,最后再进一步说明,处理感情方面的考虑.
第一段 叙述条件,摆明观点
第二段 病人清醒情况下的做法
第三段 病人无法表达意愿时的做法
第四段 强调自己观点的合理性
议论文写作样例:老人与成人子女是否应生活在一起
Some people say that older people should live with their adult children. Other people sy that they shouldn't. Which do you think is a good practice?
试题分析
一 条件: 有人认为老人应与成人子女生活在一起/有人认为不应一道生活
二 要求: 谈谈哪种做法好
三 写作分析: 本题为家常话题,人人都有话可说,关键是确立自己的观点,思路要有条理.关于父母与子女的关系,发达国家的流行做法是子女成年之后另立门户,中国人几世同堂的局面也在改变,这是世界范围内相同的发展趋势.尽管如此,文章的观点仍可任意选择,只要言之有理,语言规范无误,判卷着也会公正判分.文章的结构仍可采用三步式
One of the topic in daily life is whether or not the older people should live with their adult children. My answer to the question is that it is better for them not to.
To begin with, adult children, like their parents, love independence and freedom, but their parents may still take them as children and unintentionally interfere in their affairs. The situation will be worse if the adult children are already married. In this case, the children have already built a new and closed world and any outside interference may lead to conflicts. Besides, the new members of the family have no blood relations with the parents. When the relationship between the in-laws and the parents is not harmonious, the sons or daughters of the parents will be in a difficult position.
Secondly, people of different ages have different ways of life. The old people like a quiet, peaceful and regular life; whereas the young love noises, activities, and unrestrained enjoyment. If they live together, the old may feel that they are always disturbed and the young may feel that they are often handicapped.
Furthermore, people of different generations have different views and values. What is quite normal to the parents may seem to be old-fashioned or wrong to the children. When they live together, they may disagree on maters ranging from minor domestic matters to national and international issues. Consequently, family life may be unpleasant or even unbearable to both the old and the young.
In short, if the parents and their adult children don't live together, both the old and the young can enjoy complete independence and freedom, live a life they like, and keep intact their affections for each other. Separate living does not mean separation of relations. The parents and their children can still visit and help each other if they stay in the same area.
范文写法说明
文章在语义上分三部分,但包含五个自然段,目的是使人感到一目了然.
第一段叙述作文题内容,然后直接摆出自己观点,形成一个主题句,之后的三段为三个理由.最后一段起概括和说明的作用,同时文章收尾.在语言上,文章第一段含主题句,之后四段分别以逻辑词开头,使文章条理清楚,层次分明.
议论文写作样例:发明物对人的生活的影响
Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.
试题分析
一 条件: 发明物对人的生活已经产生了重要影响/例如眼镜和缝纫机
二 要求: 除以上两种,再选择一种自己认为有重要意义的发明物,用具体理由说明其重要性.
三 写作分析: 本题是熟题,不愁无话可说,关键是选择的物品是否好写,例如是否掌握关键词汇.本题应当用演绎法,首先说明自己的选择,然后列出若干理由,最好将其当成辩论性文章写,力图使对方信服.
As modern men, we are so used to so many inventions that we do not realize how much they have changed our lives. Eyeglasses and sewing machine are two examples. Another, and perhaps more obvious, example is television, which has so altered our way of life that we just cannot imagine what our life would be like without it.
Television has become our major means of entertainment. We no longer sing, dance, play musical instruments, or tell stories as we used to at home after supper. We no longer turn on the radio so often. And we no longer go to cinemas and theaters unless there is something special. We can get our satisfaction at home if we just sit down and turn on the TV sets in our living rooms. We have become so addicted to our TV sets that we could feel miserable if wee were deprived of them.
Television has also become our chief means of obtaining information. Without going out, we can know what the weather will be like tomorrow, what is going on at home and abroad, and whether the current prices of stocks are going up or down. Because of television, the world has become much smaller and things and people that used to be strangers are now familiar to us. Because of television, we are thousands of times more informed than our ancestors. Now, we depend so much on television for information that we will feel stupid if we do not watch TV for only a few days.
Television has become part of our lives. It has become a component part of the furniture of our homes and it is our companion wherever we go. With it, we are happy and informed; when we have troubles on our minds, we turn to it. Babies grow up with it and the old watch it until their last days. In short, whether it is interesting or boring, whether it talks sense or nonsense, our life would be empty without it.
范文写法说明:
为写作方便,本文以电视机为题材,避开历史之类的内容,直接谈其对人类生活的影响.全文分四段,首段点题,其他自然围绕主题,每段用主题句开头,有例证支撑,使文章层次分明,有骨有肉.
第一段: 引出主题,指出电视的重要性
第二段: 电视已成为主要的娱乐手段
第三段: 电视已成为一种重要的信息来源
第四段: 电视已成为生活的一部分----一种概括性的结尾
议论文写作样例:大学毕业后的生活地点
After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is better? Give reasons for your answer.
试题分析
一 条件: 大学毕业后的生活地点/有人回家乡/有人去外地城镇
二 要求: 两种去向,哪种较好? 谈谈自己的看法与打算,需讲出理由.
三 写作分析: 本题是生活话题,有话可谈,可以随便发表高见. 生活与工作不可分,要一道谈.本题的写法可采用常规框架:一个观点,几条理由.谈理由时,思路应该开阔,例如就业机会,工资收入,气候,设施,亲友等因素都可作为理由,每一点都要例证充分.下笔前,要决定使用演绎法,还是推理法.
After they complete their university studies, some students prefer to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.
Firstly, my home city is a big city that can offer a lot. There are plenty of opportunities for work, many big libraries for studies, several different museums for visit, and numerous cinemas, theaters and centers for entertainment. When I go back there, I will have no difficulty in finding a job suitable for me and I can make use of all the facilities available there.
Secondly, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.
Thirdly, if I live in my home city, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.
In short, my choice is based on a careful consideration of my home city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must.
范文写法说明:
文章的观点是毕业后回家乡,在第一段表明.这样开头,属演绎法的基本手法,下文必须是理由,直至结尾.为了清楚明了,文章分别用了四个逻辑词firstly, secondly, thirdly and in short 引导各段.
第一段 引出主题,表明意向
第二段 家乡是大城市及其优点
第三段 父母年迈体弱,自己是独生子女
第四段 归纳和进一步说明
议论文写作样例:课堂授课方式
Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entetaining and enjoyable way. Other people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious and formal way. Which way of learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.
试题分析
一 条件: 课堂授课方式/趣味性受课与正规严肃性授课/有人上趣味性课学习效果最好/有人听正规严肃课学习效果最好.
二 要求: 说明两种方式,你喜欢哪一种,并陈述理由
三 写作分析: 趣味性是教学艺术中的一点,应当肯定.有人适应严肃性正规教学,已形成习惯,也无可非议.选择何种方式,可根据可写性决定.本题涉及一些心理学知识,若略知一二,可用在理由之中.
Some of us were brought up to think that classroom is a scared place for learning and have become used to serious atmosphere in which lessons are presented in a serious and formal way. It is normal for them to think so and to do so, but I would prefer lessons presented in an entertaining and enjoyable way. This preference of mine is a result of my own learning experiences and I have found out that it is psychologically explicable.
When a lesson is presented in an entertaining and enjoyable way, it does not mean that it is not serious and systematic. In fact, it is still serious because its purpose is still to import knowledge and to impart knowledge in a more effective way. And to achieve this purpose, it has to be presented in a systematic way. So the difference between an entertaining lesson and a serious and formal lesson is that the former has something additional, something that can make the learning process enjoyable.
According to my own experiences, an entertaining lesson is easier to remember than a dry and monotonous one. Psychologically, this is because knowledge imparted in an interesting way can leave on our minds a deep impression with more associations. Consequently, what is stored in our memory can last longer and is easier to recall. For instance, if a profound philosophical truth is explained in detail and illustrated with an anecdote, both the truth and the anecdote will be stored in our memory. Afterwards, any information related to the philosophical problems or the anecdote can bring back this memory.
Furthermore, I have felt that an entertaining lesson can make me forget time and tiredness whereas a serious lesson can make me feel exhausted easily. Psychologically, these phenomena are explained in terms of span of mental concentration. During a serious lesson, we have to be serious and try hard to concentrate, but we can not do this for long before we are mentally tired. During an entertaining lesson, however, we get relaxed from time to time because of the well planned humor and the changing way of presentation. The result is that out span of concentration never runs out and that we can learn continuously and more effectively.
In short, I prefer entertaining and enjoyable lessons because I feel they are better because their advantages have psychological backing. But, I do not object to formal and serious lessons if some teachers are used to them. This is because it needs ability and skills to present a lesson in an entertaining way. If a teacher is not up to it, he may spoil the lesson.
范文写法说明
文章选择趣味性讲课,通篇围绕这一主题,从个人感受和心理学力两个角度说明.全文采用演绎法,首段表明观点,二至四段提出三条理由,最后一段进一步说明总的观点.
第一段: 严肃讲课没有错,当更愿意听趣味性课
第二段: 趣味性将科技严肃系统,又有趣味.
第三段: 趣味性讲课便于记忆
第四段: 趣味性讲课能减轻大脑负担,提高学习效果.
第五段: 趣味讲课需要水平,有益但不能强求
议论文写作样例:父母对孩子的管教
Some people think that parents should plan their children's leisure time carefully. Other people believe that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time. Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choice.
试题分析
一 条件: 父母对孩子的管教/孩子的空闲时间的安排/有人认为父母应为孩子指定使用空闲时间的详细计划/有人认为孩子应该自己安排空闲时间
二 要求: 说明自己同意何种观点并说明理由
三 写作分析: 本题为家常话题,尚无定论,可选任意一种观点表示同意,并说明理由.也可辩证地看问题,在分析的基础上提出自己不同的见解. 动笔前应先决定写法,若摆脱绝对肯定与否定的方式,写作时宜用归纳法,通过步步深入的分析,最后得出比较客观的结论.这种写法比较复杂, 难度较大,写作时思维一定要清晰,不然就会产生混乱.
Should parents plan their children's leisure time carefully? Or should they let their children decide for themselves how to spend their free time? before answering these two questions, we should first of all ask another question: do children know how to plan to spend their free time? The answer to this question is both "yes" and "no". Our common sense tells us that some children spend their free time in a planned way while some others, especially the younger ones, just play as they like without any plan at all.
The above answer leads to three more relevant questions about those children who know how to plan their leisure time: How have they obtained the ability? Is the ability innate? Or is the ability learnt? Our observations tell us that this ability is not born but learned from others---their parents, teachers, other adults, or other children.
With these questions settled, the answer to the first two questions should be very clear. Parents should not give their children a free hand at the beginning. Instead, they should plan their children's leisure time carefully, making sure that their children understand why they should have a plan. In this way, the children will gradually forma habit of making plans and know how to make a good plan.. Then, we can say these children know how to spend their leisure time.
When children already know how to spend their free time , they will not need any longer for the parents to plan for them. The most they can do is to keep an eye on their children's activities and give some guidance or advice when necessary. For most of the time, children should be allowed to decide for themselves. The whole process is in fact a process of training, in which instruction, demonstration and practice should be planned in a scientific way. Without plenty of practice, the whole process of learning would be a failure.
范文写法说明:
文章采用较为复杂的辩证分析方式,肯定了两种方法正确的一面,指出了阶段性区别,最后提出自己的观点.本文采用归纳法写作,以两个问题为引题,从问题到问题,步步紧扣,最后使问题都得到答案,从而得出结论. 最后在结论的基础上提出自己不同的见解.
第一段: 时间计划问题,有的孩子懂,有的不懂
第二段: 计划能力是后天学会的
第三段: 初期应由家长帮之计划
第四段: 后期应放手让孩子自己计划
议论文写作样例:青年人成长的影响因素
Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position.
试题分析
一 条件: 对青年人成长的影响/有人认为家庭的影响最重要/有人认为朋友的影响最重要.
二 要求: 你同意何种看法? 举例说明自己的观点
三 写作分析: 题目的含义是家庭和朋友对青年人都有影响,分歧在于这两种影响中哪一种最大. 纯粹为写作目的,可任意确定一种观点,先表示同意,然后找理由为自己的观点辩护.也可用分析法,将不同的情况与不同的人分开,说明各自的特征.本题与心理学和社会心理学有关,若能用其说明,效果更佳.
Of the various factors that can have influence on young adults, the family and friends stand out most. But there is disagreement on which of the two is the most important of all factors. My view is that in most cases, it is friends who have the most important influence on young adults.
According to social psychologists, when children become young adults, they undergo some psychological changes. When they are young, children love their parents so much that they simply adore them, imitating their speech and behaviour and trying to learn everything from them eagerly. As they become older, however, they begin to see that their parents are not as perfect as they thought, though they still consider their parents better than any other adults. But the process of change still goes on. BY the time they are adults themselves, they have changes so much that they take their parents as equal adults belonging to a different and out-of date generation. Consequently, they go out more often and the influence of their parents begin to decrease.
With the image of their parents as perfect or imperfect idols gone from their minds. Young adults turn to the outside world. Those whom they are associated with most are those who are of the same generation. These youngsters drink, smoke, chat, and play together, and they share the same or similar views and values. At this stage, they may not be able to find new idols, but they certainly influence each other in many aspects. They may also be influenced by many other factors in the outside world, but, comparatively speaking, the influence on them comes mostly from those around them---young people who are their friends.
Of course, not all children change in this way. Some of them may still stick to their parents, or even their elder sisters and brothers; and some may turn to their teachers. But, generally speaking, at a certain stage, friends are the most important influence on young adults.
范文写法说明
文章认为朋友的影响最大,但采用了分析的方法,说明了家庭影响有大到小的变化,也对不同的情况作了区分.
第一段: 从题目题条件引出自己观点
第二段: 父母的影响由大到小的变化
第三段: 后期的影响主要来自朋友
第四段: 区分情况,进一步说明.
议论文写作样例:择友问题
Some people choose friends who are different from themselves. Others choose friends who are similar to themselves. Compare the advantages of having friends who are different form you with the advantages of having friends who are similar to you. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why?
试题分析:
一 条件: 择友问题/有人选择与自己不同者为友/有人选择与己相似者为友
二 要求: 比较两种交友方式的优点,说明你选择何种类型的朋友并说明理由
三 写作分析: 本题为日常话题,不愁无话可谈,只愁细谈不易.题目要求比较优点,写时应以优点为主,不利的一方面也可适当提及.根据题目要求,文章应分两部分,一部分谈两种交友方式的优点,另一部分谈自己的做法与理由.具体自然段可灵活掌握.
People choose friends in different ways. Some people like to choose those who are different from themselves while others prefer those who are similar to themselves. Each of the two ways has its own advantages.
When people have friends similar to themselves, they and their friends chat, play, and do thing together naturally and harmoniously. The result is that they all can feel relaxed and can truly enjoy each other's company. For instance, if an active and energetic guy proposes to his equally active and energetic friends that they should have some activities, it is more likely that his will agree at once. In this case, the guy who makes the proposal dose not have to consider carefully before he does it and his friends do not feel obliged to agree. Everybody is at ease and everybody can have a good time.
When a guy has friends different from him, the advantage he has is that he can mix with different people and benefit from the contacts with them. His friends may be different from him in character, education, occupation, social status, or political and religious beliefs. To make friends with them, he has to chat, play, or do things together with them. In the process of doing these, he can learn a lot of things that he has never experienced himself and he can also enjoy being with them if he knows them well.
However, each of the two ways of making friends has its disadvantages. When a guy mixes with only people similar to himself, his social circle is small and he may miss a lot without realizing it. On the other hand, if a person makes friends with people different from himself, he has to be on the alert all the time and he has to be skillful in dealing with all kinds of people.
Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two ways, I think that it would be better for me to have a mixed number of friends---some who are similar to me and some who are different from me. In this way, I can have the best of both worlds. For instance, when I want to relax or when I am too tired to be careful about my speech and manner, I can stay with those friends who are like me. But, when I feel like it, it is also possible for me to stay with those who are different from me and learn something new.
范文写法说明:
文章的观点是两类朋友都要交,此观点不再开头,而在结尾.具体手法是先分后合,用两段分别谈两种方法的优点,再用一段对两种方法的优缺点进行比较,最后在比较的基础上,谈个人做法.
第一段: 有题目引出文章第一部分观点:各有优点
第二段: 交与己相似的朋友的优点
第三段: 择与己不同者为友的优点
第四段: 两种交友方式的缺点
第五段: 自己的做法与理由
议论文写作样例:人的欲望问题
Read and think about the following statements:
People are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different.
Do you agree or disagree? Use reasons to support your answer.
试题分析
一 条件: 两句话表明一个观点/人们对已有的从不满足/人们总想获得更多或不同的东西
二 要求: 对此观点,你是否同意? 说明为什么.
三 写作分析: 此题涉及人的欲望问题,也就是普遍的人性问题.根据我们作为常人的感觉,体重的观点是正确的,应表示同意,同时也可加以分析,区别不同的人. 人的欲望可广泛理解,金钱物质是一方面,其他还有求知欲,对美的追求等.写时应从具体的例子着手,多举几个例子说明自己的观点,以便使人信服. 这种文章难以将人性问题说清楚,只能为写文章而写文章,使文章组织合理,言之有理即可.
I think the statement is true. It is human nature to seek more and to want something different. There are many instances in our daily life that can verify this.
We can take human's basic need for food as an example. When a man is starving, his greatest desire is to have something to eat, anything that is edible. After this basic desire is satisfied and when he no longer worries about his next meal, he will feel that his food lacks quality. After this problem of quality is solved, he will complain that his meal lacks variety of taste. He wants better and better meals that keep changing and his desire can never be satisfied.
Other human desires follow the same pattern. We do not want to ware the same clothes all the time and we want better and better cars. Soon after we have bought a color TV set to replace the quite new black and white one, we wish to have a bigger and better color TV set. Of course not all human beings are the same, but we reveal these insatiable desires in different ways. For instance, some people try to climb up socially or politically all the time. They never feel satisfied even though others feel that they have succeeded. It is just like man's desire for money, which can never stop.
Good or bad, this human nature has been the impetus to the development of human society. Markets have flourished because we want more and better goods. The development of science and technology has never stopped because of our desire to discover more and more. And social and political organizations have been improved constantly owing to our endless demand for a better place to live in. If man has been easily satisfied, the human society would still be at primitive stage.
范文写法说明:
文章开门见山,直接摆出观点,然后为其辩护,没有采用复杂的分析法.通篇只有一条道理:欲望无止境,此乃人性.为说明人性生来如此,文章从具体的吃,穿入手,举例充分说明,以使人信服.各段之间的过渡,用逻辑关系和有关词句解决,总的写法属于演绎法.
第一段: 同意题中观点,指出人性所定
第二段; 举食欲一例说明
第三段: 泛举其他欲望为例
第四段: 欲望与社会发展的关系
议论文写作样例:两种书籍的作用与影响
Read and think about the following statement:
Fiction (such as novels and short stories) can teach us more about life than textbooks can.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons to support your answer.
试题分析
一 条件: 一句话表达一个观点/该观点有关虚构作品与教科书对我们的教益/教益是在生活方面/具体观点是:虚构作品比教科书的作用大/虚构作品指小说和短片故事之类
二 要求: 对此观点是否同意,用具体的理由支持自己的观点
三 写作分析: 主义题目中的比较是有关生活,应就生活而言,谈两种书籍的作用与影响. 就生活而言,题中的观点是正确的,因为小说与故事中的内容与生活的关系很密切,没有生活就没有创作.这条思路可以连续下去,找出几条理由,只要能说明问题即可.
I agree with this statement because the comparison between fiction and textbooks concerns what they can teach us about life, not about something academic and abstract. It is an obvious fact that fiction contains much more life than textbook. In a novel for instance, there are different characters portrayed in some definite settings of time and place. When we read the novel, we follow the characters into a fictions world in which there is everything that people can find in the real world. The result is that we can experience all that the characters do and we enjoy the advantage of having an omniscient view, able to see many things that we cannot in the real world.
In contrast, most textbooks teach us knowledge in various special fields, knowledge that is abstract and academic. Some textbooks do teach us some truths about life, but they are only guidelines that we may not able to appreciate. Like fiction, a few textbooks of language and literature can teach us something about life, but they contain only some chapters or excerpts and thus are short and incomplete. In short, textbooks teach us far less about life than fictions works because of their limitations in both content and quantity.
The other reason why fiction can teach us more about life is that we read much more fiction than textbooks. Because fictious works are usually interesting, wee read them whenever we have time to spare or get bored with our studies; and we often get so absorbed that we do not want to stop until the end. In contrast, textbooks are normally dull and we get tired of reading easily. As a result, we read much more of fiction and learn much more from it about life than from textbooks.
范文写法说明 文章采用简单的演绎法,首先表明观点,然后谈了三点理由,以数量与内容两条线贯穿全文.
第一段: 表明观点,先谈文学作品的内容
第二段: 教科书中的内容
第三段: 从阅读性与趣味性两方面谈文学作品的影响.
议论文写作样例:图表分析
comparative ratings of four brands of bread
Nutritional Rating
Quality of Taste Nutritional Rating Cost per Pound
Brand A **** **** $0.86
Brand B *** *** $0.79
Brand C ** **** $0.41
Brand D ***** ** $0.40
Excellent Very Good Good Fare Poor
*****    **** ***  **  *  
You have been asked to recommend a particular brand of bread for use in elementary schools in a small city. Which of the four brands of bread described in the chart would you recommend? Support your choice with information from the chart above.
试题分析
一 条件: 一张表/四种面包/口味,营养和价格三项评估结果/表示五个评估等级的图例/小城市的小学
二 要求: 从表中的四种面包中为该市的小学推荐一种,根据表中的信息说明理由.
三 写作分析: 本题不是只传达表中信息, 而是根据表中信息谈自己的意见,因此,应写成议论文.写作时,应考虑面包食用者和面包价格,营养,口味等因素.确定时可能会有一定困难,因为四种面包各有优缺点,应根据食用者和自己的意见确定一种,然后说明自己的决定为最佳选择.写时不必将表中的信息一一叙述,而应为自己的写作目的服务,有所选择.
To recommend a bread from the four brands, we have to consider all the factors involved. If only the four factors in the chart are to be considered, it is not difficult to come to the conclusion that I should recommend Brand A. The reasons are as follows.
First of all, whoever is asked to recommend some food has to consider the characteristics of the users. In this case, the users will be mostly school children who need nutrition. So we must put emphasis on the nutritional ratings of the four brands of bread. Furthermore, we must be aware of the fact that children are not as rational as adults. They will not like a particular food simply because it is nutritious. Usually they choose food according to taste. Therefore we also have to consider the rating of taste of the food we are to recommend.
Nutritiously, the rating of Brand A is the same as Brand C, but higher than Brand B and Brand D. So the choice will be between A and C. But Brand C should be excluded because it is rated the lowest in the quality of taste. In terms of taste, Brand A is better than both Brands B and C, but not as good as Brand D, which is rated "Excellent". But, Brand D must be excluded because its nutritional rating is the lowest. So Brand A should be recommended when both nutrition and taste have to be very good.
The remaining factor to be considered is whether the price of Brand A is good or not. it appears that this is a drawback because its price is the highest of the four, but I don't think it is a problem. No matter who is going to pay for the bread, the cost will not be much. First of all, children do not eat a lot of bread. Secondly, parents are usually willing to pay any price for the benefit of their children. Thirdly, if it is the schools that are going to pay for the bread, they are unlikely to sacrifice quality or taste for a small sum of money unless they have financial difficulties. It is possible that the standard of living in the small city is so low that the parents nor the schools can afford the most expensive bread. But this is only speculation. Unless the conditions of the city prove to be very poor, I think I should recommend Brand A.
范文写法说明:
文章在总体上采用演绎法,但在第二,三段中用了归纳法.全文的主题观点在第一段表明,然后全部围绕主题具体说明选择的正确性.
第一段: 提出自己的推荐
第二段: 面包食用者需要营养与口味都好
第三段: A 面包符合要求
第四段: 有关面包价格的考虑
第二十题 让朋友还钱的方法:
If your friend fails to return your money in time, how could you do to get it back and to ask him to return your money in person or by writing a letter? Use specific example.
Undoubtedly, everyone has one or more friends in his or her daily life. Someone often comes across the fact that one of his friends borrows some money from him but doesn't return it in time. At this time, he must be confronted with the question how he could do to ask his friend to return his money in person or by writing a letter?
If I were forced to choose one of the two, I prefer to ask him to return my money by writing a letter. One sound reason why I choose writing a letter is based on one true story. Last month, I received a letter from one of my friends unexpectedly. The letter says: " Hello, my dear friend, it's a long time since I saw you last time. I am sorry to bother you when you are up to neck in work, but would you think about the fact that you still haven't returned my money in time? For some reason, I need to use it. Could you return my money back? Thanks for your consideration." I didn't remember the thing until the letter astonished me. Certainly, a few days later, I returned my friend the money and gave him my regret.
In my opinion, the letter doesn't hurt me. It helps me to get along with my friend more closely and intimately. If I hadn't received his letter, it would have ruined our friendship in a silent ripple only because of some money. The story is not rare. It can easily come to the conclusion than it is better to get money back by writing a letter.
Although somebody prefers to get his money by asking his friend to return his money in person, I think the notion is negative. As far as I am concerned, Everyone suffers from the strain of modern life. If you drop by your friend just because you want to get your money back ,it will hurt your friend and obviously hurt your relationship. However, a courteous and kind letter not only can solve the problem that wraps you, but also can have your relationship further develop.
TWE高分作文辅导:考题举例
1. 喜欢和人打交道,还是和机器? some people prefer work or activities that mainly involve working with people. others choose work or activities that mainly involve working with objects or machines. compare these types of activities. which of them do you prefer? give reasons to support your answer.
2. 春夏秋冬,喜忧为何? there are advantages and disadvantages to different seasons of the year, such as rainy or dry weather. pick any two seasons that you are familiar with and compare the two. describe what makes you prefer one over the other. what activities do you engage in? what feelings do you have during this season?
3. 坐公车,还是自家车? public transportation includes buses, subways, trains, and taxis. private transportation usually refers to private cars, bicycles, or motorcycles. compare these two kinds of transportation, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. decide which is better, giving details to support your decision.
4. 在国内学,还是留学? there are both advantages and disadvantages to going to school in another country. describe the good points and bad points about going to school in another country, and come to a conclusion about whether it is better or not to study abroad or stay at home. give support for your opinion.
5. 生几个好? some families have many children, while others have only one child. think about the positive and negative aspects of being in a family with several children. what size of family seems best? why?
6. 课堂学,还是课外学? we can be educated in many ways. though much education happens in a classroom, we are also educated in our daily life through doing activities and listening to our friends and our family members. which is a better way to learn: in a classroom with a teacher, or outside a classroom by doing things? support your answer with examples and details.
7. 在家吃,还是上馆子? some people usually cook and eat their meals in their homes, while others often eat their meals in restaurants, stores, or sidewalk cafes. what are some differences between these two ways of getting food? which is better? why? give reasons to support your opinion.
8. 如何好好放松? people have different ways of relaxing. some people like to go out walking. others like to read, sleep, eat, listen to music, or watch television. some people play sports or watch sports, while others dance and sing. what are some good ways to relax when you are not working? describe some ways to relax that you are familiar with. why are they good ways to relax? explain your answer by giving examples.
TWE高分作文辅导:连接词的妙用
连词例子:
1. to indicate a time or frequency or amount:
in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally,
as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.
2. to indicate an addition:
additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner,
in the same way, in addition to,
3. to introduce an example:
for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is
4. to indicate a contrast or difference:
although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise
5. to indicate a conclusion:
all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.
TWE高分作文辅导:答题技巧
when you practise twe, remeber you must limit writing an essay within 30 minutes, not longer! this is the total amount of time you will have to read the question, think about the topic, plan what you will say, and write your essay. never leave an article incomplete.
follow this plan:
1. read the question very carefully.
a. put a line under the main topic.
b. put a line under the main words that tell you what you need to write. the following verbs are important: discuss, explain, state, describe, support, compare, contrast
2. make brief notes of the examples you want to write about or the opinions you are giving.
3. look at your notes and organize them. what should you say first, what next? how will you conclude?
4. check back to the words you underlined in the topic. do you have an answer, example, or opinion for each part of the question?
5. begin writing. begin with a clear statement that answers the main question. give details and specific examples to support your opinion. write clearly so your paper can be read easily. end with a summary statement that reinforces your point of view. remember that the readers do not know what you are saying. you must make everything clear to them.
6. check over your writing briefly to be sure it is clear and that it answers the question. for some people it helps to read the essay out loud (very quietly) to check the sentences. watch the clock and plan your time. as you practice, try the suggested time plan below, and adjust it to your own way of writing.
6-8 minutes: read the question and take notes to organize your answer
18-20 minutes: write your essay
2-4 minutes: check your writing

TWE高分作文辅导:2分作文样例
topic: some intensive english programs in the united states offer a foreign student the option of living with an american family while he or she is studying abroad. many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their totale learning experience. however, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. in a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an american family and then state one or two disadvantages. tell whether you are in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. give examples to support your opinion.
my opinion about this subject is that it depends in (on) your level of comprehension regard(regarding) conversational english. in other words, if you understand a considerable amount of english language (english), your best bet would be to choose living with an american family. but if your comprehension level is so low, in which a (that) basic communication is not possible, then (then it ) would be wise to (for) you to choose living with people of your same country and/or language
TWE高分作文辅导:3分作文样例
topic: some intensive english programs in the united states offer a foreign student the option of living with an american family while he or she is studying abroad. many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their total learning experience. however, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. in a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an american family and then state one or two disadvantages. tell whether you are in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. give examples to support your opinion.
a foreing(foreign) student studying in america is wise to live with an american family because when a foreing(foreign) student came(comes) to the united states he must make many important adjustment(adjustments). a foreing (foreing) student must change to suivuve in his new imviroment(environment). a foreign student also learns how to take on responsibilities concerning his new family, he adopts(adapts) to their american lifestyle as they adopt(adapt) to his. it is a learning experience on both parts.
you have a (a student has an) advantage when living (he lives) with an american family, because they would(he will) learn the american ways and customs better with an american family than if they would live(he lived) with his own homeboys(countrymen).
the american family becomes a second family to the foreign student. at times a foreign student may get homesick; but having(having) a trustworthy second family can give him the security and acceptance he (that he)needs. he is probably used to having a family around him, so he will feel safe if he lives with an american family. then he must consider that he will be in a strangr place. evertthing will be new to you(him).
his american family can help him learn his way around. so(therefore) foreign student is smart to live with an american family.
TWE高分作文辅导:4分作文样例
topic: some intensive english programs in the united states offer a foreign student the option of living with an american family while he or she is studying abroad. many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their totle learning experience. however, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. in a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an american family and then state one or two diadvantages. tell whether youare in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. give examples to support your opinion.

after a foreign student has decided to come to the united states to study english, he must think about where(where he) is going to live and with whom. i believe that he should live with (with an) american family if he can because they can give him the support(support that) he needs. they can help him improve his english, too.
to begin with, the foreigner who inhabits(lives) with an american family can rely on them for support as he adjusts to a complete(completely) new way of life. suppose that(this is especially helpful if) he becomes homesick.
another advantage to live with an american family is (is that) the student can improve his english quick(quickly). he will met(meet) friends who came(come) to visit. he will force(be forced) to use english whether he wants or not.
as far as disadvantages are concerned, i see only one: he may be treated like a baby. the family(family will)want to protect him from danger(dangerous)situation.
i will concluded by saying that even if the student has to put up(up with) being treated like a child sometimes, he is better off the live(living) with an american family which they (who)can help him. he will find kindness and support when he is new in the country. also, he will speak english most of the time.
TWE高分作文辅导:5分作文样例
topic: some intensive english programs in the united states offer a foreign student the option of living with an american family while he or she is studying abroad. many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their totle learning experience. however, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. in a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an american family and then state one or two diadvantages. tell whether youare in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. give examples to support your opinion.
every year, many foreign students go to america to study english. some of this(them) will participate in a home-stay program and live with an american family. however, others will take(make) a different decision. they will live with friends from their own country. i believe that if a foreign student looks at both possibilities, he will decided to live with an american family. even though there are one or two backwards to home-stay way(opinion), there are far more benefits.
in taking(making) his decision about how to live in the united states, the foreign student is smart(wise) to consider one or two disadvantages to live with an american family. first of all, he must realise that he is going to feel homesick at first. living in an american home with people of other(another) language and culture may cause this feeling to increase. also the american family could become very protective of him. they may ask him where he is going when he leaves home and when he will return. despite these two disadvanges, there is a stronger idea(argument) in favor of living with americans.
by living in an american(american) home, the student has (has an)opportunity to become familiar with american customs and culture. for instance, he will learn how improtant the(the importance of) family closeness is(closeness). he can see how the children communicate with their parents and how the parents educate their children. he will not feel like a stranger because the american family will help him adjusting(adjust) to a new life.
inan american home, he can learn english fast. family members can help him with his homeworks(homework). when he speaks english, they can point(point out)his errors. in this way, he can learn english naturally.
although there are some disadvantage(disadvantages) to live in an american family, there are heavier(greater) benefits. if the foreign student at first realises the value of learning about a new culture and improving his english at the same time, he will definitely choose to experience a home-stay in the united states. with an american family, he will find studying there a very big(rewarding)experience.
TWE高分作文辅导:6分作文样例
topic: some intensive English programs in the united states offer a foreign student the option of living with an American family while he or she is studying abroad. many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their totle learning experience. however, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. in a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an american family and then state one or two diadvantages. tell whether youare in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. give examples to support your opinion.
a foreign student who plans to come to the united stated must have some definite goals in mind. for the student who wants to improve his english quickly and learn about american customs firsthand, there is often an opportunity to live with an american family. there may be one or two disadvantages to this living arrangement; however, i believe there are far more advantages.
first of all, some monor disadvantages to live with an american family include lack of privacy and little opportunity to have independence(be independent).for instance, the foreign student may find that the family expects him to join them in group activities such as watching television and going on picnics. at times, however, he might enjoy staying in his room to read or write letters to his family and friends. another drawback to living in an american home involves the possibility that the family may treat the student like a child. for example, the parents may want to decide who his friends will be and where he will go during his leisure time away from home.
even though there may be one or two disadvantages to live with an american family, the advantages far overweigh them. by taking part in a home-stay program, the student has an excellent opportunity to learn about american customs. he will find out how to behave in diffirent social situations such as parties and serimonies(ceremonies) and how to dress(dress on)these occasions. also, he will learn about many other aspects about american way of life, such as the way schools are run in the united states. with a family close by, he can ask questions about attendance rules and school costs. the family will make certain that he becomes acquainted with this new way of life, and soon he will feel at home.
another advantage to living with an american family is that the student is in an ideal environment to improve his english. for example, each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, this native speaker can help him with his pronunciation and grammar. maybe the younger children in the family can help the student with his homework,too. but the most important thing is that he will be surround(surrounded)by english most of the time during his stay in the united states.
although i agree that there may be a couple of disadvantages to living with an american family, i feel that the advantages are more obvious. in a home-stay program, the student can learn about american customs in the most natural way possible. in addition, he will find himself in an atmosphere in which his english will certainly improve. in my opinion, there are two most important goals for him to consider, and living with an american family is the best way to achieve them.
TWE高分作文辅导:评分标准
六分:文章切题,阐说充分,文章有说服力;段落组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活,成熟;用词确切,得体.文章中有个别语法拼写错误,但不影响内容表达.
五分:文章切题,阐说基本充分,在某些细节上有缺陷.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活;用词基本得体.文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误.
四分:文章切题,阐说尚可,展开不够.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般,有时不得体.词性区分和拼写等有若干错误.
三分:文章切题,段落组织基本合理,有逻辑性,但只存在于语义层次上,语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立,但有许多语法错误,句间联系不顺畅,往往是不善于使用逻辑连词,显得幼稚,生硬.词汇方面拼写错误多,常有用词不得体现象.
二分:文章切题.阐说没有展开,只限于三言两语地回答问题;没有段落组织,很乱,长度很短,只有一段;句子排列有一定的逻辑关系,能看出各句基本框架,但结构或语法错误较多;用词不得题,拼写错误多.
一分:文章各方面都有严重错误,句子不像句子.总体印象是根本没有写作能力,英语水平太低,够不上二分标准,只能打最低分.
以上标准提醒我们:
(1)作文要有一定的长度,以便将论点展开,把问题谈清楚.
(2) 文章应有若干段落,段之间应有很强的逻辑性,使文章连贯,呼应,有头有尾.
(3) 句与句之间衔接要紧密,不能胡乱堆积,给人一盘散沙的感觉.
下面相关文章中提供了五篇作文样例,划线处为错误或不当的地方,括号内为正确的表达法.研究时请注意错误的数量与性质,注意得分与文章的切题,长度,段落组织,句式结构,用词,文体等因素之间的关系.

御风行天下 : 2005-04-28#2