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Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

原文链接:https://forum.iask.ca/threads/118317/

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#1
本人学习会计学,希望以以专栏,收集会计英语词汇与文章。希望有志者加声望。支持我。
:wdb6::wdb9::wdb10::wdb10::wdb10:

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#2
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Account 有很多意思,常见的主要是“说明、解释;计算、帐单;银行帐户”。例如:

1、 He gave me a full account of his plan。

他把计划给我做了完整的说明。

2、 Charge it to my account。

把它记在我的帐上。

3、 Cashier: Good afternoon。 Can I help you ?

银行出纳:下午好,能为您做什么?

Man : I’d like to open a bank account .

男人:我想开一个银行存款帐户。

还有 account title(帐户名称、会计科目)、income account(收益帐户)、account book(帐簿)等。

在 account 后面加上词缀 ing 就成为 accounting ,其意义也相应变为会计、会计学。例如:

1、Accounting is a process of recording, classifying,summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary terms.

会计是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释的过程。

2、It has been said that Accounting is the language of business.

据说会计是“商业语言”

3、Accounting is one of the fastest growing profession in the modern business world.

会计是当今经济社会中发展最快的职业之一。

4、 Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting are two major specialized fields in Accounting.

财务会计和管理会计是会计的两个主要的专门领域。

其他还有 accounting profession(会计职业)、accounting elements(会计要素)等。

Accountant 比Account只多ant三个字母,其意思是会计师、会计人员。例如:

1、A certified public accountant or CPA, as the term is usually abbreviated, must pass a series of examinations, after which he or she receives a certificate.

注册会计师(或,注册会计师的缩写),必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。

2、Private accountant , also called executive or administrative accountant, handle the financial records of a business.

私人会计师,也叫做主管或行政会计师,负责处理公司的财务帐目。

总之,这三个词,有很深的渊源关系。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#3
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

这三个词分别是资产、负债和所有者权益,是会计等式的三个要素。

Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式,即词尾要有 “s”。如果不用复数形式,就成为“宝物,天赋、技能”的意思。例如:

1、 Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values;for instance,cash,inventory,buildings,equipment.

资产是指企业所拥有的、具有货币价值的财产,如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。

2、 Assets are the economic resources that are owned or controlled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units.

资产是由企业拥有或控制并能用货币计量的经济资源。

3、 Assets can be classified into current assets and non-current assets .

资产可以划分为流动资产和非流动资产。

Liabilities 是liability 的复数形式。它的意思是法律上的责任、义务。如 liability for an accident (肇事的责任);liability to pay taxes (纳税的义务)。只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务的意思。例如:

1、 Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future.

负债是指将来需用货币或服务偿还的债务或履行的义务。

2、 Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders, such as notes payable, accounts payable, bonds payable.

负债是欠外部的数额,如应付票据、应付帐款、应付债券。

Owner’s equity 是由 owner (所有者、业主)和equity (权益)构成为“业主权益”。例如:

1、 Owner’s equity represents the owner’s interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities.

业主权益代表业主对企业净资产的权益或要求权,净资产是指企业的资产总额与负债之间的差额。

2、 Capital is the interest of the owners in an enterprise. Also known as owner’s equity.

资本是企业所有者的利益,也称为业主权益。

3、 Owner’s equity include owner “s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation.

业主权益包括业主的投资以及企业自开业以来积累的经营成果。

上述会计要素相互之间的关系用一个简单的数学公式来表示,就是会计恒等式:

Assets=Liabilities+Owner’s equity

资产=负债+业主权益

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#4
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Debit、Credit 和Double Entry



Debit 和credit 就是会计复式记帐法中常用的两个记帐符号“借”和“贷”。

Debit 的意义比较单纯,就是簿记上的“借方””。但是,很容易与另一个词debt 混淆。debt比 debit只少一个字母 I,而且意思也相近,有“借款”的意思,如the national debt(国债)。

Credit 的汉语意思比较多,有“信用、信誉、名声、名誉”的意思,还有“挂帐、赊帐”的意思,在簿记上就是“贷方”意思。

由于这两个词汇在会计学上总是一起出现,就把他们放到一起来举例说明,加深印象。

1、When an amount is entered on the left of an account,it is a debit,and the account is said to be debited . The abbreviation for debit is Dr.

当一个数额记在帐户的左边,它就是借方记录,称这个帐户被借记。“借方”的缩写是“Dr”。

2、When an amount is entered on the right side ,it is a credit,and the account is said to be credited. The abbreviation for credit is Cr.

当一个数额记在帐户的右边,它就是贷方记录,称这个帐户被贷记。“贷方”的缩写是Cr.。

3、Making an entry in the“amount” column on the left hand side of an account means “Debit”(abbreviated Dr.)and to the contrast, means “Credit”(abbreviated Cr.).

记入帐户的左边“金额”栏称为“借记”该帐户(简写为Dr),与此相反,则为“贷记”该帐户(简写为Cr.)。

4、By convention ,assets and expense increases are recorded as debits while liability, capital and income increases are recorded as credits.

根据惯例,资产和费用的增加被记为借项,而负债、资本和收入的增加被记为贷项。

5、Assets and expense decreases are recorded as credits, while liability、capital and income decreases are recorded as debits.

资产和费用的减少被记为贷项,而负债、资本和收入的减少被记为借项。

6、Where there are only two accounts affected, the debit and credit amounts are equal. If more than two accounts are affected, the total of the debit entries must equal the total of the credit entries.

在只有两个帐户被影响时,借贷双方的数额是相等的,如果涉及两个以上帐户时,借项的总数必须与记入贷项的总数相等。

Double entry(复式记帐)是会计学上的专有词汇。例如:

In double entry accounting,which is in almost universal use, there are equal debit and credit entries for every transaction.

在复式记帐会计(几乎普遍使用)中,每笔交易的借方和贷方记入的数字相等。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#5
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Ledgers 和 Journals



Ledgers 在簿记上是分类帐的意思,可以和其他词汇搭配,构成许多会计词汇。如ledger accounts(分类帐户)、general ledger(总分类帐)、subsidiary ledger(明细分类帐)等。例如:

1、 Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions’ effect on an accounting entity.

分类帐户被用来记录交易对会计主体的影响。

2、A ledger account is simply a record of changes (increase and decrease)and balances in value of a specific accounting item.

分类帐户不过是特定会计项目价值的变动(增加与减少)和结余的记录。

3、The general ledger is the book used to list all the accounts established by an organization.

总分类帐是一本列出一个单位所设立的全部帐户的帐本。

4、Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger.

使用明细分类帐使总分类帐更加简化明了。

5、The advantages of subsidiary ledger are as following:(1)reduces ledger detail ;(2)permits better division of labor;(3)permits a different sequence of accounts;(4)permits better internal control。

明细分类帐的优点如下;(1)减少分类帐的细节;(2)使劳动分工更合理;(3)允许不同的帐户排序(4)便于更好地内部控制。

Journal 比较常用的意思是“日记、日志;杂志、刊物”,如keep a journal (记日志)、a ship’s journal (航海日志),a monthly journal (月刊),单词 diary 也有“日记”的意思,但journal 比 diary 更强调“正式记录”。Journal 在会计词汇上的意思是“日记帐”。例如:

1、In a western accounting system ,the information about each business transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal.

在西方会计体系中,有关每笔经济交易的资料最初是记在一本叫做“日记帐”的会计帐上。

2、A journal is a chronological(arrange in order of time ) record of business transactions.

日记帐是对经济交易的序时(即按时间的顺序)记录。

3、In a journal entry, the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together, but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger, the debits and credits are entered in different accounts.

在日记帐上记帐时,既定交易的借方和贷方一起被记录,但在分类帐记录中,一笔交易的借方和贷方进入不同的帐户中。

4、A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special journals.

日记帐可以是一本通用日记帐,也可以是一组特种日记帐。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#6
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Current assets、fixed assets 和 Current liabilities



Current 是一个很有意思的词汇。它既可以是形容词,也可以是名词。作为形容词,current 意思是“通用的、流通的,现在的”,如 current money(通货),current English(现代英语),current fashion(目前流行的风尚);作为名词,current 的意思是“水流、气流,电流,动向、潮流”,如 the current of a river (河的水流),the cold current (寒流),a direct current (直流电),the current of public opinion(舆论的动向)。在这里,还要特别提到英国的两种存款 current account (活期存款,也相当于美国银行中的 checking account )和deposit account (储蓄存款,也相当于美国银行中的 savings account )。如果你到英国银行对柜员说:“Could you tell me what sorts of accounts there are ?”(您能告诉我有几种什么存款吗?)银行柜员就会说:“Well,there are basically two types of accounts .There’s a current account and a deposit account. With the current account you can pay for things by cheque, but you don’t earn any interest . With the deposit account ,you earn interest ,but you can’t pay for things by cheque..”(基本上有两种存款,一种活期存款,一种储蓄存款;活期存款你可以用支票支付,但没有利息;储蓄存款可以挣到利息,但不能用支票支付。)

Current assets 就是“流动资产”。例如:

1、Current assets are the assets reasonably expected to be converted into cash or used in the current operation of the business.(The current period is generally taken as one year.) Examples are cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, inventory , and prepaid expenses.

流动资产指的是有充分理由认为在当期经营活动中转换成现金或被使用的资产(一般是一年期)。现金、应收票据、应收帐款、存货以及预付的费用都属于流动资产。

说到流动资产,就不能不提到另一个词汇 fixed assets(固定资产)。例如:

2、Fixed assets are the long-lived assets used in the production of goods or services. These assets, sometime called non-current assets, are used in the operation of business rather than being held for sale.

固定资产是在产品和服务的生产过程中使用的寿命较长的资产。这些资产有时称为非流动资产,是公司经营中为了使用而不是为销售而置备的资产。

Current liabilities 就是“流动负债”。例如:

3、Current liabilities . Debts which must be satisfied from current assets within the next operating period, usually one year. Examples are accounts payable, notes payable, the current portion of long-term debt, and various accrued items such as salaries payable and taxes payable.

流动负债。在下一个经营期间,通常是一年内必须用流动资产偿还的债务。应付帐款、应付票据、长期债务的当期分摊额,以及诸如应付工资和应付税款等种种应计项目都是流动负债。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#7
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Receivable 、Payable和 Prepaid

  将Receivable 和Payable 两个词稍加比较,不难发现它们后面的四个字母相同,都有-able ,这是英语词汇构成的后缀之一。这个词缀紧接在动词之后,使动词变成形容词,表示“能够…、适于…、可…、应…”。Receive(收到、接受)加上-able 成为receivable,其意义也相应成为“能收的、应收的”;同样pay(付款、支付)加上-able 也相应成为“应付的”。这里要特别提到的是,动词后缀有-able 所形成的形容词,和一般形容词不同,在修饰名词时,它不在名词之前而在名词之后。例如accounts receivable(应收帐款)、accounts payable (应付帐款)、notes receivable(应收票据)、notes payable(应付票据)。下面举出几个句子来操练一下这几个会计词汇:

  1、A business with many credit customers would set up the general ledger Accounts Receivable account for all credit customers and a separate account for each credit customer.

  有很多赊购客户的企业应设置一个应收帐款总分类帐户,登记所有赊购客户欠的货款,并为每个赊购客户设置一个明细帐户。

  2、Accounts Receivable are often classified as current assets.

  应收帐款通常归入流动资产。

  3、Accounts receivable arise when a business sells goods and service on credit.

  当企业以赊帐方式销售产品或提供服务时,就产生应收帐款。

  4、A promissory note is regarded as notes receivable for the payee and notes payable for the maker.

 本票对受款人来说是应收票据,对出票人来说则是应付票据。

  5、Notes receivable which can be collected and converted into cash during next accounting year or operating cycle are classified as current assets and are recorded at face value.

能在下一个会计年度或下一个经营周期收回和转换成现金的应收票据,归入流动资产,并按面值入帐。

  6、Accounts payable and notes payable are typical example of current liabilities.

  应付帐款和应付票据是流动负债的典型例子。

  7、As stated above, accounts payable and notes payable are usually created by a company’s economic activities, such as purchases of merchandise and services received in the normal course of business.

 如前所述,应付帐款和应付票据通常产生于企业的经营活动,例如在正常经营过程中的赊帐购买商品和接受服务。

  Prepaid(预付的) 这个词和前面的Pay 关系非常密切,实际上就是在pay 的过去分词paid 前加上一个前缀pre-,这个前缀表示“前、预先”之意,合起来就是“预付的”。例如:

  8、Assume that a business paid a $1200 premium on April 1 for one year’s insurance in advance. This represents an increase in one asset (prepaid expense) and a decrease in another asset (cash). Thus, the entry would be :

 Dr. Prepaid Expenses—Prepaid Insurance $1200

Cr. Cash $1200

 假设,一个公司4月1日支付了1200美圆的保险费预付一年的保险费。这意味着一种资产(预付费用)的增加,另一种资产(现金)的减少。因此,会计分录应为:

 借:预付费用—预付保险费 1200美圆

贷:现金 1200美圆

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#8
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Inventory(存货)


Inventory (存货),在会计英语词汇中是最基本的词汇之一,与这个词汇有关的词汇,比如与存货计价有关的方法,在会计报表及其说明解释中是经常可以见到的,因此,就让我们将它们放在一起来漫谈。例如:

1、Inventory must be measured at the acquisition cost in conformity with the historical cost principle.

存货必须遵循历史成本原则按取得成本计价。

2、In manufacturing business there are three major types of inventories: raw materials, goods in process of manufacture, and finished goods.

对于工业企业而言,主要有三类存货:原材料、半成品和产成品。

下面这几个都是存货计价的专门词汇,不能不谈到。

Specific identification method (个别辨认法)

3、Under the specific identification method, the specific actual cost is assigned to each unit.

在个别辨认法下,要按每一存货项目辨认实际成本。

4、Average-cost method (平均成本法)

Average cost is computed by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the number of units available for sale.

可供销售的商品成本总值除以可供销售的商品数量就得到平均单位成本。

5、First-in, first-out method (先进先出法)

Under the first-in, first-out method, it is assumed that the first units acquired are the first ones sold; ending inventory is valued at the most recent purchase prices.

在先进先出法下,假设企业首先销售最早购入的商品,期末存货按最近的购货价格计价。

6、Last-in, first-out method (后进先出法)

The title of this method suggests that the most recently acquired goods are sold first, and that the ending inventory consists of “old” goods acquired in the earliest purchases.

  这种方法的名称意味着最后购进的商品最先销售出去,而期末存货由那些最早购入的“老”存货构成。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#9
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Long-term Assets 和 Long-term liabilities



Long-term(长期的)和Assets、Liabilities结合,分别构成Long-term assets(长期资产)和Long-term liabilities(长期负债)。

Long-term assets(长期资产)也有写成Long-lived assets 的,与Fixed assets(固定资产)、Plant and equipment(厂房和设备),甚至还有property(财产)相互重叠。请看几个例句:

1、Long-term assets are characterized by highly economic values, physical and nonphysical substance, useful life of more than one accounting period.

长期资产有如下特征:经济价值高,具有实物形态或不具有实物形态,使用年限超过一个会计期间。

2、Long-term assets are classified into tangible assets and intangible assets.

长期资产可以分为有形资产和无形资产。

3、Tangible assets include land, buildings, plant and equipment.

有形资产包括土地、房屋、厂房和设备

4、The term plant and equipment is used to describe long-lived assets acquired for use in the operation of the business and not intended for resale to customers.

术语“厂房和设备”用来描述企业为经营使用而购买并不打算再出售给顾客的长期资产。

5、The term fixed assets has long been used in accounting literature to describe all types of plant and equipment.

长期以来,会计文献一直使用“固定资产”这一名词来代表各种厂房和设备。

6、The term intangible assets is used to describe assets which are used in the operation of the business but no physical substance, and non-current.

无形资产是指应用于企业的经营活动,但没有实物形态且非流动的资产。

7、Intangible assets include goodwill, patents, trademarks, copyrights, and franchise.

无形资产包括商誉、专利权、商标、版权,以及专营权。

Long-term assets(长期负债)是企业由于过去交易事实或行为而产生的,并将于一年或超过一年的一个营业周期以上偿还的债务。一般有应付公司债券、应付长期票据等。例如:

8、Long-term liabilities are obligations that do not qualify as current liabilities. Mortgages payable, long-term leases, long-term notes payable, and bond payable are a few examples of long-term liabilities.

长期负债是指不符合流动负债条件的负债。应付抵押借款、长期租赁、应付长期票据,以及应付债券都是长期负债的一些例子。

9、Long-term liabilities are measured in accordance with historical cost principle.

长期负债按照历史成本原则计量。

10、Bonds payable are the typical example of long-term liabilities.

应付债券是长期负债的典型例子。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#10
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

金融英语中常用会计用语
Accounting system 会计系统
American Accounting Association 美国会计协会
American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会
Audit 审计
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Bookkeepking 簿记
Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测
Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书
Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书
Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师
Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者
Financial accounting 财务会计
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会
Financial forecast 财务预测
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
General-purpose information 通用目的信息
Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室
Income statement 损益表
Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会
Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会
Integrity 整合性
Internal auditing 内部审计
Internal control structure 内部控制结构
Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署
Internal users 内部使用者
Management accounting 管理会计
Return of investment 投资回报
Return on investment 投资报酬
Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
Statement of cash flow 现金流量表
Statement of financial position 财务状况表
Tax accounting 税务会计
Accounting equation 会计等式
Articulation 勾稽关系
Assets 资产
Business entity 企业个体
Capital stock 股本
Corporation 公司
Cost principle 成本原则
Creditor 债权人
Deflation 通货紧缩
Disclosure 批露
Expenses 费用
Financial statement 财务报表
Financial activities 筹资活动
Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设
Inflation 通货膨涨
Investing activities 投资活动
Liabilities 负债
Negative cash flow 负现金流量
Operating activities 经营活动
Owner s equity 所有者权益
Partnership 合伙企业
Positive cash flow 正现金流量
Retained earning 留存利润
Revenue 收入
Sole proprietorship 独资企业
Solvency 清偿能力
Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设
Stockholders 股东
Stockholders equity 股东权益
Window dressing 门面粉饰
Account 帐

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#11
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

银行基本业务口语

What kind of account did you have in your mind?
你想开哪种帐户?
Do you like to open a current account?
你想开一个活期存款帐户吗?
A deposit or current account?
定期还是活期?
Please tell me how you would like to deposit your money.
请告诉我你想存何种户头?
There's a service charge for the checking account but no charge for the savings.
支票户头要收服务费,现金户头不收。
Our minimum deposit for a savings account is 100 dollars.
我们储蓄存款的最低存款额是100美圆。
Five yuan is the minimum original deposit.
最低起存款额是5元。
You can open a savings account at any time with an initial deposit of 50 dollars.
你可随时以50美圆的起存额开立储蓄帐户。
Even one yuan is all right.
甚至一元也可以起存。
Here is your pasbook. Please bring it back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like. Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it.
这是你的存折,存取款时请带来。保管好存折,遗失请告诉我们。
I should like to open a current account.
我想开一个活期存款帐户。
I need a checking account so that I can pay my bill.
我需开个支票帐户,这样就能付帐。
We'd like to know how we open a checking-savings account.
我们想知道如何开一个支票储蓄帐户。
I have a checking account here.
我在这里有一个支票存款帐户。
I think I'd like a deposit account.
我想要开个定期存款帐户。
Can I open a current account here?
我能否在这儿开个活期存款帐户?
I want to open a deposit account with you.
我要开个储蓄帐户。
I'd like to open a deposit account with you.
我想在你们这儿开个定期存款帐户。
Could you tell me the difference between a savings account and a checking account?
请告诉我储蓄存款与支票存款的区别好吗?
Please tell me the procedure for opening a savings account.
请告诉我开个储蓄帐户需要什么手续。
Will 100 yuan be enough for a minimum deposit?
100元作最低存款额够吗?
I'd like to know whether a 200 yuan deposit will be enough for opening a checking account.
我想知道开一个支票帐户200元存款是否够。
Could you tell me how to operate this account?
请告诉我如何经管这个帐户好吗?
Is there any minimum for the first deposit?
第一次储蓄有最低限额吗?
How much does each account cost?
每个帐户要花多少钱?
 Useful Phrases
current deposit, current account 活期存款
fixed deposit, fixed account 定期存款
fixed deposit by installments 零存整取
joint account 联名存款帐户
to open an account 开户头

银行英语口语-存款


How much do you want to deposit with us?
你想在我们这存多少?
How much do you wish to pay into your account?
你希望在你的户头上存多少?
How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis?
你计划在你的户头上定期存放多少钱?
How much cash do you plan to deposit in your account?
你有多少钱要存入呢?
I think you may deposit your money with the bank, or leave it here for temporary safe-keeping.
我认为你可把钱存入银行,或留在银行暂保管起来。
Would you please fill in the depositing form, giving the sum of money you're to deposit as well as your name, address and professional unit?
请填张存款单,写明要存的数额以及你的姓名,地址和工作的单位,好吗?
I want to deposit 300 yuan in my account.
我想在我的户头上存300元。
I want to deposit these cheques in my account.
我想把这些支票存在我的户头上。
I'd like to pay 200 yuan into my deposit account.
我想在在我的定期存款户头上存200元。
I want to deposit my paycheck.
我想存入我的工资支票。
I'd like to know whether I can cash a cheque here.
我想知道我能否在这兑换支票。
Will you please cash this traveler's cheque?
请兑现这张旅行支票好吗?
I'd like to cash this money order.
我想兑现这张汇款单。
I want to cash the balance of a traveler's letter of credit.
我要把旅行信用证的结余兑现。
Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques?
请告诉我兑换支票收手续费吗?
Could you tell me how much the checks cost?
请告诉我这些支票要花多少钱?
What if I overdraw?
如果透支了怎么办?
Please sign your name on the bottom line if you want to cash the check.
如果想兑支票,请在底线上签名。
Please write your account number on the back of the check.
请在支票背面写上你的帐号。
We honored the check as the overdraft was only 5 yuan.
我们承兑这张支票的透支额只有5元。
Please endorse the cheque.
请背签这张支票。
The traveler's checks cost 1.5% of the total amount of purchase.
旅行支票手续费是购买总额的1.5%。

Here's the cheque book. When you send a cheque by post be careful to cross it, but if you wish to cash a cheque yourself, you must leave it "open".
这是一本支票簿,你邮寄支票时,注意要在支票上打叉线。但是如果你本人想开张兑现支票,就不可打叉线。
Each cheque you write will cost 2 dollars.
你每开一张支票将花2美圆。
 
Useful Words and Phrases
account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书
endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付
to dishonor a cheque 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
cheque,check 支票
cheque book 支票本
order cheque 记名支票
bearer cheque 不记名支票
crossed cheque 横线支票
blank cheque 空白支票
rubber cheque 空头支票
cheque stub, counterfoil 票根
cash cheque 现金支票
traveler's cheque 旅行支票
cheque for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding cheque 未付支票
canceled cheque 已付支票
forged cheque 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票,银票

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#12
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

成本习性分析 Text 16 Cost Behavior Analysis


1、Identify types of fixed cost. Cost behavior analysis examines the relationships between costs and the activities, or cost drivers, that cause them. We classify costs as fixed, variable, or mixed. Fixes, or capacity, costs are caused primarily from having property, plant, equipment, and key managerial personnel. They cannot be changed much by month-to-month or even year-to-year management decisions.

辨别固定成本的类型。成本习性分析审查了成本和活动之间的联系 ,或者引起他们的成本动因。我们将成本分为固定成本、可变成本和混合成本。固定,或者能力,成本主要从所拥有的财产,工厂,设备和关键管理职员中产生。逐月或者甚至逐年的管理决策不可能大幅度的改变它们。

Discretionary fixed costs arise from periodic (usually yearly) budget decisions that reflect top management policies. These costs have no clear relationship between inputs and outputs. The appropriate amounts of discretionary fixed costs are difficult to determine with precision, so budgeted amounts often are based on traditions, rules of thumb, or industry customs.

可自由处理固定成本产生于反映高层管理人员政策的定期(通常是一年)的预算决策。这些成本不存在投入和产出的明确关系。可控固定成本的适当金额很难精确地确定,因此预算金额通常是根据惯例,拇指规则(经验法则),或者行业习惯。

2、Use cost behavior analysis to make business decisions. Fixed costs provide the capacity to operate at a particular actively level. Variable costs result from using available capacity. Engineered variable costs result from measurable, often observable, cause-and-effect relationships between inputs (the costs) and outputs. Their efficiency can be measured by relating the quantity of inputs used to the quantity of outputs achieved. Discretionary variable costs change with production or sales activity simply because management has decided to incur the costs on a percentage or a per-unit basis. Mixed costs have both fixed and variable components that usually are not identified separately.

使用成本习性分析做商业决策。固定成本提供在某个特定的活跃的阶段运作的能力。可变成本由使用可用生产量产生。工程性可变成本由投入(成本)和产出的可测量的,通常可见的,因果关系产生。它们的效率可以通过将使用的投入量和得到的产出量联系在一起来衡量。可自由处理固定成本随着产量或者销售作业改变,仅仅因为经营已经决定了百分比或者每单位的基础。

3、Identify two approaches for controlling operating labor costs. Managers use one of two methods to budget and control the costs of operating labor. The discretionary-fixed-cost approach relies on management’s judgment to determine the size of the work force. The engineered-variable-cost approach uses work measurement to calibrate the workload in a process or operation in order to determine the number of employees needed to perform the work..

辨别控制运营人工成本的两种方法。管理人员使用两种方法中的一种预算和控制运营人工的费用。可自由处理固定成本方法依赖于经营者对决定劳动力规模的判断。工程性可变成本方法使用工作测定来校准一个程序或者操作的工作量,为了确定完成这项工作需要的员工的数量。

4、Compute the equal-cost volume of two cost behavior patterns. Managers often consider courses of action with different cost behavior patterns. They develop cost functions, which express the mathematical relationship between costs and their cost drivers. Decision makers can compute the equal-cost volume of cost-driver activity by setting two cost function equations equal to one another and solving for the volume level. They can then use predications of future volume levels to identify high-cost and low-cost actions.

计算两种成本行为模式的等成本产量。管理者往往用不同的成本行为模式考虑行动方案。他们创造了价值函数,用数学关系式来表示成本和成本动因之间的关系。决策者可以计算成本动因作业的等成本产量,通过建立两个价值函数等式,使其相互相等,进而得到产量水平。然后他们便可以使用未来产量水平的论断来识别高成本和低成本的行为。

5、Graph the three major types of cost functions. Fixed, variable, and mixed costs can be graphed as functions of their cost drivers. When two functions are graphed together, they intersect at the equal-cost volume of activity.

三种主要类型价值函数的曲线图。固定、可变、混合成本可以以其成本动因的不同功能用图表表示。当两种功能被图标表示在一起,它们相交于作业的等成本产量处。

6、Use three methods to estimate mixed-cost functions. Three methods are widely used to separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable elements. All are based on samples of past data. The high-low method uses only the highest-volume and lowest-volume points of the samples. Because those two points may not represent normal relationships, this method is not recommended unless very few observations of results are available.

采用三种方法来估计混合固定成本的功能。三种方法被广泛使用于分离混合成本成为固定的和可变的元素。所有这些都基于过去数据的样本。高低方法只有用在样本的最高产量点和最低产量点。因为这两点可能不能呈现出正常的关系,除非结果的非常少的观测资料是可用的,否则这种方法并不被推荐。

The visual-fit method relies on the ability of the analyst to fit a line to the plot of sample points, but it is subjective and does not provide a measure of how well the line fits the points.

直观法依赖分析者的能力来拟合样本点连成曲线,但是它是主观的,并且不能提供曲线拟合点有多好的程度。

The most accurate method to determine the behavior pattern of a mixed cost is least-squares regression. Regression software programs graph the sample points and give the (cost-function) formula of the straight line that best fits the points.

测定混合成本行为模式的最准确的方法是最小二乘回归。回归软件程序将样本点用图表示,并且给出最拟合样本点的直线的价值函数公式。

7、Evaluate a mixed-cost function. To evaluate a cost function, accountants assess economic plausibility and goodness of fit. A regression equation’s coefficient of determination, r2, tells the percentage of variation in the cost that is explained by changes in the cost driver. The r2 measure helps analysts determine how much confidence to put in specific cost predications.

评价混合成本的功能。评估一个成本的功能,会计师评定经济合理性和适用性。决策的回归方程式决定系数R2,说明了通过成本动因的变化而产生的成本的百分比变化。回归方程决定系数R2的方法帮助分析者确定有多少信心参与特定成本预测。























New Words



Identify 认出、认明、鉴定

Fixed cost 固定成本

Analysis 分析

Discretionary fixed costs可自由处理固定成本

rule of thumb“拇指规则”可算成语,意思是快速估算法,約略的估計或單憑經驗來做的方法,經驗法則.

Cost Uses成本资料

Cost Measurement 成本衡量

cost behavior pattern成本性态

cost behavior成本习性

Engineered variable costs工程性成本

operating costs生产费用,营业成本

operating labor costs 运营人工成本

work measurement工作测定(熟练工人按规定的操作方法在一定时间内完成特定的工作量)

equal-cost volume 等成本

cost-volume-profit analysis(CVP) 本量利分析

courses of action 行动方案

cost functions价值函数

cost drivers成本动因

volume level产量水平

visual-fit method)直观法目测法

Least-Squares Linear Regression最小二乘线性回归分析

Goodness of fit比较拟合优度值

coefficient of determination决定系数:r2

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#13
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

一些与经济、金融有关的时兴词的翻译,或许对大家有帮助:
奔小康:strive for a relatively comfortable life
发展是硬道理:Development is of over-riding importance.
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费:unwarranted pooling of funds,arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises
政府搭台、部门推动、企业唱戏:government sets up the stage,various departments cooperate and enterprises put on the show
住房分配货币化进程:capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation
统筹医疗:cooperative medical-care system
科教兴国:rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation
西部大开发:Development of the West
吸收游资:absorb idle funds
保值储蓄:value-guaranteed savings;inflation-proof savings
费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes
风险投资:venture capital risk investment
融资渠道:financing channels
货币回笼:withdrawal of currency from circulation
虚拟网:virtual net
全球通:global system for global communications
彩票(业):lottery industry
灰色收入:income from moonlighting
水货:smuggled goods
不正之风:bad(harmful)practice;unhealthy tendency
宰客:to swindle money from customers
形象小姐/先生:image representative of a product or a brand
新新人类:New Human Being,X generation
生态农业:environmental-friendly agriculture
上市:to get listed
洗钱:money laundering

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#14
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

1. 素质教育 :Quality Education
2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional
quotient
3. 保险业: the insurance industry
4. 保证重点指出: ensure funding for priority areas
5. 补发拖欠的养老金: clear up pension payments in arrears
6. 不良贷款: non-performing loan
7. 层层转包和违法分包: mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
8. 城乡信用社: credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas
9. 城镇居民最低生活保障: a minimum standard of living for city residents
10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度: the system of medical insurance for urban
workers
11. 出口信贷: export credit
12. 贷款质量: loan quality
13. 贷款质量五级分类办法: the five-category assets classification for bank
loans
14. 防范和化解金融风险: take precautions against and reduce financial
risks
15. 防洪工程: flood-prevention project
16. 非法外汇交易 : illegal foreign exchange transaction
17. 非贸易收汇: foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels
18. 非银行金融机构: non-bank financial institutions
19. 费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes
20. 跟踪审计: foolow-up auditing
21. 工程监理制度: the monitoring system for projects
22. 国有资产安全: the safety of state-owned assets
23. 过度开垦 : excess reclamation
24. 合同管理制度: the contract system for governing projects
25. 积极的财政政策 : pro-active fiscal policy
26. 基本生活费: basic allowance
27. 解除劳动关系: sever labor relation
28. 金融监管责任制: the responsibility system for financial supervision
29. 经济安全: economic security
30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设: to increase the deficit to spend more on
development
31. 扩大国内需求 : the expansion of domestic demand
32. 拉动经济增长: fuel economic growth
33. 粮食仓库: grain depot
34. 粮食收购企业: grain collection and storage enterprise
35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行: closed operation of grain purchase funds
36. 粮食销售市场: grain sales market
37. 劣质工程: shoddy engineering
38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款: arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and
fines
39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇: obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not
turn over foreign owe d to the government and illegal arbitrage
40. 融资渠道: financing channels
41. 商业信贷原则: the principles for commercial credit
42. 社会保险机构: social security institution
43. 失业保险金: unemployment insurance benefits
44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税: tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay
taxes
45. 外汇收支: foreign exchange revenue and spending
46. 安居工程: housing project for low-income urban residents
47. 信息化: information-based; informationization
48. 智力密集型: concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
49. 外资企业: overseas-funded enterprises
50. 下岗职工: laid-off workers
51. 分流: reposition of redundant personnel
52. 素质教育: education for all-round development
53. 豆腐渣工程: jerry-built projects
54. 社会治安情况: law-and-order situation
55. 民族国家: nation state
56. “台独”: "independence of Taiwan"
57. 台湾当局: Taiwan authorities
58. 台湾同胞 : Taiwan compatriots
59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the
Chinese territory.
60. 西部大开发 : Development of the West Regions
61. 可持续性发展: sustainable development
62. 风险投资 : risk investment
63. 通货紧缩 : deflation
64. 扩大内需 : to expand domestic demand
65. 计算机辅助教学: computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )
66. 网络空间: cyberspace
67. 虚拟现实: virtual reality
68. 网民 : netizen ( net citizen )
69. 电脑犯罪 : computer crime
70. 电子商务: the e-business
71. 网上购物 : shopping online
72. 应试教育: exam-oriented education
73. 学生减负 : to reduce study load
74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)
75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)
76. “智商”:(IQ)
77. “情商”:(EQ)
78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence
of enterprises)79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/information industry)

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#15
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

本票(PROMISSORY NOTES)
一、定义(Definition)

本票(PROMISSORY NOTES)是一个人向另一个人签发的,保证即期或定期或在可以确定的将来的时间,对某人或其指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面承诺。

二、必要项目

拿到一张本票后,这张本票是否生效,根据《日内瓦统一法》规定,这张本票要求具备以下的必要项目:
1.标明其为“本票字样”;
2.无条件支付承诺;
3.出票人签字;
4.出票日期和地:
5.付款地点:
6.付款期限,如果没有写清的,可以看作见票即付;
7.金额;
8.收款人或其指定人。

三、种类
1.一般本票(PROMISSORY NOTE):出票人为企业或个人,票据可以是即期本票,也可是远期本票。
2.银行本票(CASHER S ORDER):出票人是银行,只能是即期本票

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#16
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Money Table各国货币名称表
Nome名称 Symbol or Abbreviation 称号或缩写 Country of Place 国家或地区
Afghani阿富汗尼 Af Afghanistan阿富汗
bath铢 B Thailand泰国
balboa巴波亚 B Panama巴拿马
aolivar博利瓦 $b Venezuela委内瑞拉
colon(哥斯达黎加)科郎 ¢ Costa Rica哥斯达黎加
colon(萨尔瓦多)科郎 ¢ El Salvador萨尔瓦多
cordoba科多巴 C$ Nicaragua尼加拉瓜
cruzeiro克鲁赛罗 Cr$ brazil巴西
dalasi达拉西 DG Gambia冈比亚
dinar(阿尔及利亚)第纳尔 DA Algeria阿尔及利亚
dinar(伊拉克)第纳尔 ID Iraq伊拉克
dinar(约旦)第纳尔 JD Jordan约旦
dinar(科威特)第纳尔 KD Kuwait科威特
dinar(利比亚)第纳尔 LD Libya利比亚


dinar(也门民主人民共和国)第纳尔

YD The People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 也门民主人民共和国



dinar(突尼斯)第纳尔 D Tunisia突尼斯
dinar(南斯拉夫)第纳尔 DIN Yugoslavia南斯拉夫
dirham迪拉姆 DH Morocco摩洛哥
dollar(澳大利亚)元 $A Australia澳大利亚
dollar(巴哈马)元 B$ Bahamas巴哈马
dollar(百慕大)元 DB$ Bermuda百慕大
dollar(加拿大)元 Can$ Canada加拿大
dollar埃塞俄比亚)元 $Eth Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚
dollar(斐济)元 F$ Fiji斐济
dollar(圭亚那)元 G$ Guyana圭亚那
dollar(香港)元 HK$ Hongkong香港
dollar(牙买加)元 J$ Jamaica牙买加
dollar(利比里亚)元 L$ Liberia利比里亚
dollar(马来西亚)元 M$ Malaysia马来西亚
dollar(新西兰)元 NA$ NewZealand 新西兰
dollar(新加坡)元 S$ Singapore新加坡
dollar(特立尼达和多巴哥 TT$ Trinidad and Tobago特立尼达和多巴哥
dollar(美国)元 US$ USA美国
dong(越南)盾 D DBVN越南民主共和国
drachma德拉克马 Dr Greece希腊
escudo(智利)埃斯库多 E Chili智利
escudo(葡萄牙)埃斯库多 Esc Portugal葡萄牙
forint福林 Ft Hungary匈牙利
franc(比利时)法郎 BF Belgium比利时
franc(布隆迪)法郎 Fbu Burundi布隆迪


Franc(非洲金融共同体)法郎 CFAF Cameroon喀麦隆;

The Central African Republic中非共和国;

Chad乍得;

The People s Republic of the Congo 刚果人民共和国;

Dahomey达荷美;

Gabon加蓬;

Ivory Coast象牙海岸;

Niger尼日尔;

Senegal塞内加尔;

Toto多哥;

Upper Volta上沃尔特等


franc(法国) 法郎 FF France法国
franc(卢森堡)法郎 LuxF Luxemb(o)urg 卢森堡
franc(马尔加什)法郎 FMG The Malagasy Republic马尔加什共和国
franc(马里)法郎 MF Mali马里
franc(卢旺达)法郎

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#17
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

财务管理会计英语1.account银行账户
account: In this sense, a record of financial transactions *; money on deposit in a bank.
For example: I guess your work has to do with checking accounts.
       We ve had an account with them for years.
       You don t make much on that kind of account.

2. board of directors董事会
board of directors: a group of people who control the activities of a bank or company.
For example: Are the members of the board of directors stockholders?
       When will the board of directors stockholders?
       He s member of the board of directors.

3. capital资本,资金
Capital: In this sense, the money used to start a bank or company.
For example: They put up the necessary capital.
       What is the amount of the capital?
       They had some trouble raising the capital.

4. cashier现金主管
Cashier: an officer of a bank in charge of the money, which goes in and out of a bank or company.
For Example: They hire the president and vice-president, along with the cashier.
      You d better see the cashier about that.
      The cashier is on vacation just now.

5. charter银行执照
Charter: in this sense, permission granted by the government to do business.
For example: They were granted a charter by the government.
       When was the charter granted?
       I don t think they ll be able to get a charter.

6. checking支票帐户,活期存款
Checking account: an account in bank from which money can be drawn by check.
For example: I guess your work has to do with checking accounts.
       How much money is left in my checking account?
       I d like to close my checking account.

7. Clerical 银行行员的
Clerical: having to do with the keeping of records and with correspondence.
For example: The board hires them, along with the clerical workers.
       We re behind on our clerical work.
       Do you have any clerical jobs open now?

8. dividend红利 <B

R>Dividend: a sum of money paid to a stockholder or shares of stock issued to him out or profits in relation to his investment.
For example: The stockholders receive regular dividends.
       The last dividend was quite large.
       How much did you receive in dividends?

9. invest投资
Invest: put money into a business in order to make a profit .
For Example: I d like to invest in some mutual bonds.
       How much money does she have to invest?

10. investment投资,投资金额
Investment: money put into a business in order to make profit; the act of doing this.
For Example: Planning the bank s investments is very important.
       I want to talk to you about my investments.
       Would you make an investment of that kind?

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#18
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

中英文损益表
项 目
产品销售收入
其中:出口产品销售收入
减:销售折扣与折让
产品销售净额
减:产品销售税金
产品销售成本
其中:出口产品销售成本
产品销售毛利
减:销售费用
管理费用
财务费用
其中:利息支出(减利息收入)
汇兑损失(减汇兑收益)
产品销售利润
加:其他业务利润
营业利润
加:投资收益
营业外收入
减:营业外支出
加:以前年度损益调整
利润总额
减:所得税
净利润


中文:英文损益表


ITEMS
Sales
Including:Export sales
Less:Sales discounts and allowances
Net sales
Less:Sales tax
Cost of sales
Cost of sales
Including:Cost of export sales
Gross profit
Less:Selling expense
General and administrative expense
Financial expense
Including:Interest expense ( less interest income )
Exchange loss ( less exchange gain )
Income from main operation
Add:Income from other operations
Operating income
Add:Investment income
Non-operating income
Less:Non-operating expense
Add:Adjustment to prior year\'s income and expense
Income before tax
Less:Income tax
NET INCOME

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#19
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

中文:年收入超过12万 须主动申报纳税
国家税务总局本周一公布,从明年起,年收入超过12万元的高收入者须向税务部门自行申报纳税。

这是国税总局首次颁发有关高收入者须自行进行纳税申报的规定。

年收入在12万元以下的纳税人仍由企业代扣代缴个人所得税。

观察人士认为,政府出台此项规定的主要目的是为了缩小贫富差距,增加国税收入。

国税总局在其网站上发表的一份声明中明确指出,包括在华工作的外国人在内的所有纳税人如满足以下五种情形之一,必须向税务机关自行申报纳税:

1、年收入超过12万元

2、从中国境内两处或两处以上取得工资、薪金;

3、从境外取得收入;

4、取得应税所得,没有扣缴义务人的;

5、国务院规定的其他情形

亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处高级经济学家彭龙运说:“如果新办法能得以有效实施,高收入群体和工薪阶层之间的收入差距将会缩小。”

他说,目前税务部门主要通过纳税人自行申报或企业代扣代缴的方式来征收个人所得税,新办法实施后,税务部门可对高收入纳税人进行双重监管,从而堵塞高收入者个税监管的漏洞。

新办法规定,年收入12万元以上的纳税人如在纳税年度终了后三个月内未进行纳税申报,将被处以最高1万元的罚款;如纳税人编造虚假计税依据,除了补缴最高五倍的应缴税款外,还将被处以最高五万元的罚款。

英文: earning more than 120,000 yuan  directly to the tax
Employees earning more than 120,000 yuan (US$15,000) annually need to report their income directly to the tax authorities from next year, it was announced Monday.

It is the first time that the State Administration of Taxation requires high-income earners to report their earnings themselves.

For those who earn less than 120,000 yuan a year, employers will continue to deduct tax at source and report to the authorities.

Observers said that they believe the move signifies the government's resolve to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, and to increase national revenues.

The taxation administration said in a statement on its website that anyone including foreigners working in China who meets any of the following criteria needs to report their incomes to the taxation authorities:

People with an annual income of more than 120,000 yuan

with income from more than one organization

with income from overseas

whose employer does not pay tax

or as stipulated by the State Council, the cabinet.

"If this policy is executed effectively, it will play a part in redressing the income discrepancy between the high-income group and ordinary wage-earners," said Peng Longyun, a senior economist with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in Beijing.

ADB's Peng said that taxation authorities currently have only one source of access to people's income, either through their own reports or from their employers. But they will have two when the new regulation is implemented; and so can crosscheck for discrepancies.

People above the 120,000-yuan threshold who fail to report their earnings within three months of the end of the taxation year can be fined up to 10,000 yuan (US$1,270), while filing false reports can attract fines of up to 50,000 yuan (US$6,350) in addition to a maximum of five times the tax amount due.

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#20
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

移友们,别忘记给我加声望啊。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#21
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

中文:销售费用明细表 :wdb10::wdb10:

销售费用明细表
会外工02表附表5in Cit

单位:元 AJI
 行次
本年计划
本月实际
上年实际

项目实际
工资

折旧费

修理费

物料消耗

低值易耗品摊销

办公费

差旅费

销售佣金

代销手续费

运输费

装卸费

包装费

保险费

广告费

租赁费

销售服务费

其他

合计

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#22
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

STATEMENT OF MARKETING EXPENSES
FROM AJI-02 Sup.5

For the year ended JULY.31,1998
MONETARY UNIT:YUAN

ITEMS
LINE NO.
THIS YEAR'S
THIS MONTH'S
LAST YEAR'S

PLAN
ACTUAL
ACTUAL

Salaries and wages

Depreciation

Repairs

Supplies consumed

Amortization of low

cost and short lived articles

Office expenses

Travelling

Commission

Consignment handing fee

Transportation

Loading and unloading

Packaging

Insurance

Advertising

Rental

Sales service fee

Micellaneous

TOTAL

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#23
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Moneyof 26 Kinds(二十六种钱)
1.bad money 无利可图的钱
2.bank money 银行票据
3.blood money 抚恤金
4.boot money 企业赞助体育的钱
5.call money 活期存款
6.cheap money 低息借款
7.dear money 高息借款
8.dark money 灰色收入
9.earnest money 定金
10.fairy money 捡的钱
11.folding money 纸币
12.front money 预会金
13.glove money 贿赂
14.good money 有利可图的钱
15.hard money 价格比较稳定的钱(例如人民币,在亚洲经济中的作用)
16.hot money 热钱,短期流动资金
17.hush money 赌别人嘴的钱
18.pill money 零花钱(pocket money/pin money)
19.push money 提成
20.ready money 现金
21.seed money 本钱,本金
22.silly money 来路不明的钱
23.smart money 了解内情的人
24.table money 餐费
25.tall money 大笔的财富
26.trust money 委托金

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#24
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

[COLOR="Cyan"]TypesofCompanies 公司类型

Company
An organization that operates a business as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or other entity. Sole Proprietorship
A type of company in which all profits and liabilities flow through to an individual. Partnership
A type of company in which all profits and liabilities are shared by more than one person. DBA - (Doing Business As)
When a business conducts its activities using a name other than that of its principal owners. Privately-owned Corporation
A company whose stock is held by a limited number of individuals and cannot be bought or sold through a stock exchange. Publicly-owned Corporation
A company whose stock is listed on a stock exchange and is usually owned by a large number of individual shareholders. Corporate Charter
A document that establishes the existence of a corporation and whose bylaws set organizational and procedural guidelines for its operation.Shareholder
The owner of a share of stock in a company.[/
COLOR]

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#25
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

公司
通过独资、合伙、合资或其它形式经营的组织。
独资
由一名个人独立享有全部利润并承担全部债务的公司类型。
合伙
利润由多人分享,债务由多人承担连带责任的公司类型。
DBA
使用所有人之外的名称开展业务的行为。
私有公司
由一定数量的个人控股的公司,不能通过证券交易所交易。
公有公司
股票在证交所上市的公司,通常有大量私人股东。
公司章程
确立公司成立并规定公司运营的组织结构和过程的文件。
股东
持有一定数量公司股份的人

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#26
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

银行业务部门名称中英对照

Board of Directors 董事会
President 行长
Executive Office 经理办公室
Personnel Dept. 人事部
General Affairs Dept. 总务部
Co-ordination & Planning Dept. 综合计划部
International Dept. 国际业务部
Overseas Branches Dept. 海外部
Foreign Exchange Dept. 外汇资金部
First Credit Dept. 信贷一部
Second Credit Dept. 信贷二部
Accounting Dept. 财会部
International Clearing Dept 国际清算部
Banking Dept. 营业部
Credit Card Dept. 信用卡部
General Auditing Dept. 总稽核室
Computer Center 电脑部
Training Management Dept. 教育部
Institute of International Finance 国际金融研究所
Trust and Consultation Co. 信托咨询公司

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#27
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

名词解释:个人住房加按揭贷款

 Personal housing additional mortgage loan means a loan lent by ICBC to any existing personal housing loan client for its house purchase and household consumption taking the former loan collateral as a security.
  个人住房加按揭贷款是指对工行现有个人住房贷款客户发放的以原贷款抵押物为担保的用于购买住房及家居消费的贷款。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#28
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

投资银行是能够充当想要发行有价证券或股票的公司代理人或担保人的机构。投资银行不同于商业银行,因为他们不接收存款或提供个人贷款。一般,投资银行有一个金融市场运作系统,在这个系统中雇佣了代理人和/或经纪人。在这个运作系统下,投资银行会变成外汇市场、货币市场、商品市场等,对于先前发行的有价证券维持二级市场。通过给他们的客户提供买卖价格来做到这点。这些客户还包括其他银行。另一种服务投资银行提供给他们的投资者,那就是咨询服务。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#29
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Traveler’sCheck旅行支票

Many of the banks and travel services in the western countries provide convenience for the travelers by issuing traveler’s checks. Travelers, while buying the checks, have to make signatures on the checks to the face of the bank or service clerks. During the trip, travelers can cash the checks from the agencies of the bank or the travel service whenever they need after their counter-signatures are recognized. A lot of travelers like to buy such checks for they don't have to take along much cash and worry about counterfeit signature. The agencies will take back the money they have paid by sending the checks to the issuing offices. 西方国家的许多银行和旅行社办理旅行支票业务,为旅客提供方便。旅客在购买旅行支票时,必须当着银行职员或旅行社职员的面在支票上签字。在旅行途中,旅客在需要时,可以在复签得到确认后,向银行和旅行社的代理机构兑现旅行支票。许多旅客喜欢购买此类支票,因为他们不必携带大量现金,也不必为冒签而担忧。代理机构通过将旅行支票寄送给发行机构收回所付款项。
Traveler's checks are generally of small face value, such as ten or twenty dollars, five or ten pounds, for miscellaneous payments. There is no time limit of their circulation period. It is very profitable for the issuing offices to finance the funds they collect by issuing traveler's checks because they not only receive service charge from the check buyers, but they also don't need to pay any interest no matter how long the cheeks remain in circulation before clearing. This is why the banks and the travel services are willing to provide such convenience.

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#30
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

旅行支票通常是小面额,比如十、二十美元,五、十英镑,用于零星支付,在流通中没有时间限制。对发行机构来说,发行旅行支票提供融资便利是有利可图的,因为发行机构不但可以向支票的购买者收取费用,而且对发行的支票无论在外流通多久,在清算之前可以无息占用所吸收的资金。这就是银行和旅行社愿意提供此类便利的原因。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#31
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

财务英语基础(总结) :wdb10::wdb10::wdb10:
1 资产 assets
11~ 12 流动资产 current assets
111 现金及约当现金 cash and cash equivalents
1111 库存现金 cash on hand
1112 零用金/周转金 petty cash/revolving funds
1113 银行存款 cash in banks
1116 在途现金 cash in transit
1117 约当现金 cash equivalents
1118 其它现金及 约当现金 other cash and cash equivalents
112 短期投资 short-term investment
1121 短期投资 -股票 short-term investments - stock
1122 短期投资 -短期票券 short-term investments - short-term notes and bills
1123 短期投资 -政府债券 short-term investments - government bonds
1124 短期投资 -受益凭证 short-term investments - beneficiary certificates
1125 短期投资 -公司债 short-term investments - corporate bonds
1128 短期投资 -其它 short-term investments - other
1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失 allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market
113 应收票据 notes receivable
1131 应收票据 notes receivable
1132 应收票据贴现 discounted notes receivable
1137 应收票据 -关系人 notes receivable - related parties
1138 其它应收票据 other notes receivable
1139 备抵呆帐 -应收票据 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts- notes receivable
114 应收帐款 accounts receivable
1141 应收帐款 accounts receivable
1142 应收分期帐款 installment accounts receivable
1147 应收帐款 -关系人 accounts receivable - related parties
1149 备抵呆帐 -应收帐款 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - accounts receivable
118 其它应收款 other receivables
1181 应收出售远汇款 forward exchange contract receivable
1182 应收远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies
1183 买卖远汇折价 discount on forward ex-change contract
1184 应收收益 earned revenue receivable
1185 应收退税款 income tax refund receivable
1187 其它应收款 - 关系人 other receivables - related parties
1188 其它应收款 - 其它 other receivables - other
1189 备抵呆帐 - 其它应收款 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - other receivables
121~122 存货 inventories
1211 商品存货 merchandise inventory
1212 寄销商品 consigned goods
1213 在途商品 goods in transit
1219 备抵存货跌价损失 allowance for reduction of inventory to market
1221 制成品 finished goods
1222 寄销制成品 consigned finished goods
1223 副产品 by-products
1224 在制品 work in process
1225 委外加工 work in process - outsourced
1226 原料 raw materials
1227 物料 supplies
1228 在途原物料 materials and supplies in transit
1229 备抵存货跌价损失 allowance for reduction of inventory to market
125 预付费用 prepaid expenses
1251 预付薪资 prepaid payroll
1252 预付租金 prepaid rents
1253 预付保险费 prepaid insurance
1254 用品盘存 office supplies
1255 预付所得税 prepaid income tax
1258 其它预付费用 other prepaid expenses
126 预付款项 prepayments
1261 预付货款 prepayment for purchases
1268 其它预付款项 other prepayments
128~129 其它流动资产 other current assets
1281 进项税额 VAT paid ( or input tax)
1282 留抵税额 excess VAT paid (or overpaid VAT)
1283 暂付款 temporary payments
1284 代付款 payment on behalf of others
1285 员工借支 advances to employees
1286 存出保证金 refundable deposits
1287 受限制存款 certificate of deposit-restricted
1291 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets
1292 递延兑换损失 deferred foreign exchange losses
1293 业主(股东)往来 owners(stockholders) current account
1294 同业往来 current account with others
1298 其它流动资产-其它 other current assets - other
13 基金及长期投资 funds and long-term investments
131 基金 funds
1311 偿债基金 redemption fund (or sinking fund)
1312 改良及扩充基金 fund for improvement and expansion
1313 意外损失准备基金 contingency fund
1314 退休基金 pension fund
1318 其它基金 other funds
132 长期投资 long-term investments
1321 长期股权投资 long-term equity investments
1322 长期债券投资 long-term bond investments
1323 长期不动产投资 long-term real estate in-vestments
1324 人寿保险现金解约价值 cash surrender value of life insurance
1328 其它长期投资 other long-term investments
1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失 allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments
14~ 15 固定资产 property , plant, and equipment
141 土地 land
1411 土地 land
1418 土地-重估增值 land - revaluation increments
142 土地改良物 land improvements
1421 土地改良物 land improvements
1428 土地改良物 -重估增值 land improvements - revaluation increments
1429 累积折旧 -土地改良物 accumulated depreciation - land improvements
143 房屋及建物 buildings
1431 房屋及建物 buildings
1438 房屋及建物 -重估增值 buildings -revaluation increments
1439 累积折旧 -房屋及建物 accumulated depreciation - buildings
144~146 机(器)具及设备 machinery and equipment
1441 机(器)具 machinery
1448 机(器)具 -重估增值 machinery - revaluation increments
1449 累积折旧 -机(器)具 accumulated depreciation - machinery
151 租赁资产 leased assets
1511 租赁资产 leased assets
1519 累积折旧 -租赁资产 accumulated depreciation - leased assets
152 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1521 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良 accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements
156 未完工程及预付购置设备款 construction in progress and prepayments for equipment
1561 未完工程 construction in progress
1562 预付购置设备款 prepayment for equipment
158 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1581 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment - revaluation increments
1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产 accumulated depreciation - miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
16 递耗资产 depletable assets
161 递耗资产 depletable assets
1611 天然资源 natural resources
1618 天然资源 -重估增值 natural resources -revaluation increments
1619 累积折耗 -天然资源 accumulated depletion - natural resources
17 无形资产 intangible assets
171 商标权 trademarks
1711 商标权 trademarks
172 专利权 patents
1721 专利权 patents
173 特许权 franchise
1731 特许权 franchise
174 著作权 copyright
1741 著作权 copyright
175 计算机软件 computer software
1751 计算机软件 computer software cost
176 商誉 goodwill
1761 商誉 goodwill
177 开办费 organization costs
1771 开办费 organization costs
178 其它无形资产 other intangibles
1781 递延退休金成本 deferred pension costs
1782 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1788 其它无形资产-其它 other intangible assets - other

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#32
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

18 其它资产 other assets
181 递延资产 deferred assets
1811 债券发行成本 deferred bond issuance costs
1812 长期预付租金 long-term prepaid rent
1813 长期预付保险费 long-term prepaid insurance
1814 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets
1815 预付退休金 prepaid pension cost
1818 其它递延资产 other deferred assets
182 闲置资产 idle assets
1821 闲置资产 idle assets
184 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables
1841 长期应收票据 long-term notes receivable
1842 长期应收帐款 long-term accounts receivable
1843 催收帐款 overdue receivables
1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款-关系人 long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties
1848 其它长期应收款项 other long-term receivables
1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables
185 出租资产 assets leased to others
1851 出租资产 assets leased to others
1858 出租资产 -重估增值 assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation
1859 累积折旧 -出租资产 accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others
186 存出保证金 refundable deposit
1861 存出保证金 refundable deposits
188 杂项资产 miscellaneous assets
1881 受限制存款 certificate of deposit - restricted
1888 杂项资产 -其它 miscellaneous assets - other

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#33
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

2 负债 liabilities
21~ 22 流动负债 current liabilities
211 短期借款 short-term borrowings(debt)
2111 银行透支 bank overdraft
2112 银行借款 bank loan
2114 短期借款 -业主 short-term borrowings - owners
2115 短期借款 -员工 short-term borrowings - employees
2117 短期借款 -关系人 short-term borrowings- related parties
2118 短期借款 -其它 short-term borrowings - other
212 应付短期票券 short-term notes and bills payable
2121 应付商业本票 commercial paper payable
2122 银行承兑汇票 bank acceptance
2128 其它应付短期票券 other short-term notes and bills payable
2129 应付短期票券折价 discount on short-term notes and bills payable
213 应付票据 notes payable
2131 应付票据 notes payable
2137 应付票据 -关系人 notes payable - related parties
2138 其它应付票据 other notes payable
214 应付帐款 accounts pay able
2141 应付帐款 accounts payable
2147 应付帐款 -关系人 accounts payable - related parties
216 应付所得税 income taxes payable
2161 应付所得税 income tax payable
217 应付费用 accrued expenses
2171 应付薪工 accrued payroll
2172 应付租金 accrued rent payable
2173 应付利息 accrued interest payable
2174 应付营业税 accrued VAT payable
2175 应付税捐 -其它 accrued taxes payable- other
2178 其它应付费用 other accrued expenses payable
218~219 其它应付款 other payables
2181 应付购入远汇款 forward exchange contract payable
2182 应付远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies
2183 买卖远汇溢价 premium on forward exchange contract
2184 应付土地房屋款 payables on land and building purchased
2185 应付设备款 Payables on equipment
2187 其它应付款 -关系人 other payables - related parties
2191 应付股利 dividend payable
2192 应付红利 bonus payable
2193 应付董监事酬劳 compensation payable to directors and supervisors
2198 其它应付款 -其它 other payables - other
226 预收款项advance receipts
2261 预收货款 sales revenue received in advance
2262 预收收入 revenue received in advance
2268 其它预收款 other advance receipts
227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 long-term liabilities -current portion
2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债 corporate bonds payable - current portion
2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款 long-term loans payable - current portion
2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle
2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人 long-term notes and accounts payables to related parties - current portion
2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 other long-term lia- bilities - current portion
228~229 其它流动负债 other current liabilities
2281 销项税额 VAT received(or output tax)
2283 暂收款 temporary receipts
2284 代收款 receipts under custody
2285 估计售后服务/保固负债 estimated warranty liabilities
2291 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities
2292 递延兑换利益 deferred foreign exchange gain
2293 业主(股东)往来 owners current account
2294 同业往来 current account with others
2298 其它流动负债-其它 other current liabilities - others
23 长期负债 long-term liabilities
231 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable
2311 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable
2319 应付公司债溢(折)价 premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable
232 长期借款 long-term loans payable
2321 长期银行借款 long-term loans payable - bank
2324 长期借款 -业主 long-term loans payable - owners
2325 长期借款 -员工 long-term loans payable - employees
2327 长期借款 -关系人 long-term loans payable - related parties
2328 长期借款 -其它 long-term loans payable - other
233 长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable
2331 长期应付票据 long-term notes payable
2332 长期应付帐款 long-term accounts pay-able
2333 长期应付租赁负债 long-term capital lease liabilities
2337 长期应付票据及款项 -关系人 Long-term notes and accounts payable - related parties
2338 其它长期应付款项 other long-term payables
234 估计应付土地增值税 accrued liabilities for land value increment tax
2341 估计应付土地增值税 estimated accrued land value incremental tax pay-able
235 应计退休金负债 accrued pension liabilities
2351 应计退休金负债 accrued pension liabilities
238 其它长期负债 other long-term liabilities
2388 其它长期负债-其它 other long-term liabilities - other
28 其它负债 other liabilities
281 递延负债 deferred liabilities
2811 递延收入 deferred revenue
2814 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities
2818 其它递延负债 other deferred liabilities
286 存入保证金 deposits received
2861 存入保证金 guarantee deposit received
288 杂项负债 miscellaneous liabilities
2888 杂项负债 -其它 miscellaneous liabilities - other

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#34
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

3 业主权益 owners equity
31 资本 capital
311 资本(或股本) capital
3111 普通股股本 capital - common stock
3112 特别股股本 capital - preferred stock
3113 预收股本 capital collected in advance
3114 待分配股票股利 stock dividends to be distributed
3115 资本 capital
32 资本公积 additional paid-in capital
321 股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par
3211 普通股股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par- common stock
3212 特别股股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par- preferred stock
323 资产重估增值准备 capital surplus from assets revaluation
3231 资产重估增值准备 capital surplus from assets revaluation
324 处分资产溢价公积 capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets
3241 处分资产溢价公积 capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets
325 合并公积 capital surplus from business combination
3251 合并公积 capital surplus from business combination
326 受赠公积 donated surplus
3261 受赠公积 donated surplus
328 其它资本公积 other additional paid-in capital
3281 权益法长期股权投资资本公积 additional paid-in capital from investee under equity method
3282 资本公积- 库藏股票交易 additional paid-in capital - treasury stock trans-actions
33 保留盈余(或累积亏损) retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
331 法定盈余公积 legal reserve
3311 法定盈余公积 legal reserve
332 特别盈余公积 special reserve
3321 意外损失准备 contingency reserve
3322 改良扩充准备 improvement and expansion reserve
3323 偿债准备 special reserve for redemption of liabilities
3328 其它特别盈余公积 other special reserve
335 未分配盈余(或累积亏损) retained earnings-unappropriated (or accumulated deficit)
3351 累积盈亏 accumulated profit or loss
3352 前期损益调整 prior period adjustments
3353 本期损益 net income or loss for current period

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#35
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

34 权益调整 equity adjustments
341 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失 unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments
3411 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失 unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments
342 累积换算调整数 cumulative translation adjustment
3421 累积换算调整数 cumulative translation adjustments
343 未认列为退休金成本之净损失 net loss not recognized as pension cost
3431 未认列为退休金成本之净损失 net loss not recognized as pension costs
35 库藏股 treasury stock
351 库藏股 treasury stock
3511 库藏股 treasury stock
36 少数股权 minority interest
361 少数股权 minority interest
3611 少数股权 minority interest

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#36
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

4 营业收入 operating revenue
41 销货收入 sales revenue
411 销货收入 sales revenue
4111 销货收入 sales revenue
4112 分期付款销货收入 installment sales revenue
417 销货退回 sales return
4171 销货退回 sales return
419 销货折让 sales allowances
4191 销货折让 sales discounts and allowances
46 劳务收入 service revenue
461 劳务收入 service revenue
4611 劳务收入 service revenue
47 业务收入 agency revenue
471 业务收入 agency revenue
4711 业务收入 agency revenue
48 其它营业收入 other operating revenue
488 其它营业收入-其它 other operating revenue
4888 其它营业收入-其它 other operating revenue - other

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#37
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

营业成本 operating costs
51 销货成本 cost of goods sold
511 销货成本 cost of goods sold
5111 销货成本 cost of goods sold
5112 分期付款销货成本 installment cost of goods sold
512 进货 purchases
5121 进货 purchases
5122 进货费用 purchase expenses
5123 进货退出 purchase returns
5124 进货折让 charges on purchased merchandise
513 进料 materials purchased
5131 进料 material purchased
5132 进料费用 charges on purchased material
5133 进料退出 material purchase returns
5134 进料折让 material purchase allowances
514 直接人工 direct labor
5141 直接人工 direct labor
515~518 制造费用 manufacturing overhead
5151 间接人工 indirect labor
5152 租金支出 rent expense, rent
5153 文具用品 office supplies (expense)
5154 旅费 travelling expense, travel
5155 运费 shipping expenses, freight
5156 邮电费 postage (expenses)
5157 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense )
5158 包装费 packing expenses
5161 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense)
5162 保险费 insurance (expense)
5163 加工费 manufacturing overhead - outsourced
5166 税捐 taxes
5168 折旧 depreciation expense
5169 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization
5172 伙食费 meal (expenses)
5173 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare
5176 训练费 training (expense)
5177 间接材料 indirect materials
5188 其它制造费用 other manufacturing expenses
56 劳务成本制 ervice costs
561 劳务成本 service costs
5611 劳务成本 service costs
57 业务成本 gency costs
571 业务成本 agency costs
5711 业务成本 agency costs
58 其它营业成本 other operating costs
588 其它营业成本-其它 other operating costs-other
5888 其它营业成本-其它 other operating costs - other

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#38
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

6 营业费用 operating expenses
61 推销费用 selling expenses
615~618 推销费用 selling expenses
6151 薪资支出 payroll expense
6152 租金支出 rent expense, rent
6153 文具用品 office supplies (expense)
6154 旅费 travelling expense, travel
6155 运费 shipping expenses, freight
6156 邮电费 postage (expenses)
6157 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense)
6159 广告费 advertisement expense, advertisement
6161 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense)
6162 保险费 insurance (expense)
6164 交际费 entertainment (expense)
6165 捐赠 donation (expense)
6166 税捐 taxes
6167 呆帐损失 loss on uncollectible accounts
6168 折旧 depreciation expense
6169 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization
6172 伙食费 meal (expenses)
6173 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare
6175 佣金支出 commission (expense)
6176 训练费 training (expense)
6188 其它推销费用 other selling expenses
62 管理及总务费用 general & administrative expenses
625~628 管理及总务费用 general & administrative expenses
6251 薪资支出 payroll expense
6252 租金支出 rent expense, rent
6253 文具用品 office supplies
6254 旅费 travelling expense, travel
6255 运费 shipping expenses,freight
6256 邮电费 postage (expenses)
6257 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense)
6259 广告费 advertisement expense, advertisement
6261 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense)
6262 保险费 insurance (expense)
6264 交际费 entertainment (expense)
6265 捐赠 donation (expense)
6266 税捐 taxes
6267 呆帐损失 loss on uncollectible accounts
6268 折旧 depreciation expense a
6269 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization
6271 外销损失 loss on export sales
6272 伙食费 meal (expenses)
6273 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare
6274 研究发展费用 research and development expense
6275 佣金支出 commission (expense)
6276 训练费 training (expense)
6278 劳务费 professional service fees
6288 其它管理及总务费用 other general and administrative expenses
63 研究发展费用 research and development expenses
635~638 研究发展费用 research and development expenses
6351 薪资支出 payroll expense
6352 租金支出 rent expense, rent
6353 文具用品 office supplies
6354 旅费 travelling expense, travel
6355 运费 shipping expenses, freight
6356 邮电费 postage (expenses)
6357 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense)
6361 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense)
6362 保险费 insurance (expense)
6364 交际费 entertainment (expense)
6366 税捐 taxes
6368 折旧 depreciation expense
6369 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization
6372 伙食费 meal (expenses)
6373 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare
6376 训练费 training (expense)
6378 其它研究发展费用 other research and development expenses

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#39
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

7 营业外收入及费用 non-operating revenue and expenses, other income(expense)
71~74 营业外收入 non-operating revenue
711 利息收入 interest revenue
7111 利息收入 interest revenue/income
712 投资收益 investment income
7121 权益法认列之投资收益 investment income recognized under equity method
7122 股利收入 dividends income
7123 短期投资市价回升利益 gain on market price recovery of short-term investment
713 兑换利益 foreign exchange gain
7131 兑换利益 foreign exchange gain
714 处分投资收益 gain on disposal of investments
7141 处分投资收益 gain on disposal of investments
715 处分资产溢价收入 gain on disposal of assets
7151 处分资产溢价收入 gain on disposal of assets
748 其它营业外收入 other non-operating revenue
7481 捐赠收入 donation income
7482 租金收入 rent revenue/income
7483 佣金收入 commission revenue/income
7484 出售下脚及废料收入 revenue from sale of scraps
7485 存货盘盈 gain on physical inventory
7486 存货跌价回升利益 gain from price recovery of inventory
7487 坏帐转回利益 gain on reversal of bad debts
7488 其它营业外收入-其它 other non-operating revenue- other items
75~ 78 营业外费用 non-operating expenses
751 利息费用 interest expense
7511 利息费用 interest expense
752 投资损失 investment loss
7521 权益法认列之投资损失 investment loss recog- nized under equity method
7523 短期投资未实现跌价损失 unrealized loss on reduction of short-term investments to market
753 兑换损失 foreign exchange loss
7531 兑换损失 foreign exchange loss
754 处分投资损失 loss on disposal of investments
7541 处分投资损失 loss on disposal of investments
755 处分资产损失 loss on disposal of assets
7551 处分资产损失 loss on disposal of assets
788 其它营业外费用 other non-operating expenses
7881 停工损失 loss on work stoppages
7882 灾害损失 casualty loss
7885 存货盘损 loss on physical inventory
7886 存货跌价及呆滞损失 loss for market price decline and obsolete and slow-moving inventories
7888 其它营业外费用-其它 other non-operating expenses- other
8 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)
81 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)
811 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)
8111 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense ( or benefit)
9 非经常营业损益 nonrecurring gain or loss
91 停业部门损益 gain(loss) from discontinued operations
911 停业部门损益-停业前营业损益 income(loss) from operations of discontinued segments
9111 停业部门损益-停业前营业损益 income(loss) from operations of discontinued segment
912 停业部门损益-处分损益 gain(loss) from disposal of discontinued segments
9121 停业部门损益-处分损益 gain(loss) from disposal of discontinued segment
92 非常损益 extraordinary gain or loss
921 非常损益 extraordinary gain or loss
9211 非常损益 extraordinary gain or loss
93 会计原则变动累积影响数 cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles
931 会计原则变动累积影响数 cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles
9311 会计原则变动累积影响数 cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles
94 少数股权净利 minority interest income
941 少数股权净利 minority interest income
9411 少数股权净利 minority interest income

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#40
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

汉英会计词汇

一贯原则 consistency
人名帐户 personal account
工作底稿 working paper
已承兑汇票 accepted draft/bill
已发行股本 issued capital
己催缴股本 called-up capital
己缴股本 paid-up capital
已赎回票据 retired bill
欠付催缴股款 calls in arrear
毛存现金 cash in hand
毛利 gross profit
毛利率 gross profit ratio/margin
毛损 gross loss
日记簿 journal
月结单 monthly statement
少量余额 minority balance
分配 allocation
分类帐 ledger
公证文件 noting
分摊 apportionment
加成 mark-up
永久业权 freehold
主要成本 prime cost
未催缴股本 uncalled capital
申请及分配 application and allotment
目标条款 object clause
平价发行 issued at par
出让人帐 vendor account
自平 self-balancing
自平分类帐 self-balancing ledger
自动转帐 autopay
成本会计 cost accounting
共同 joint
存货记录簿 stock records
存货周转率 stock turnover rate
存货帐 stock account
年终盘点存货 year-end stock taking
企业个体 business entity
合伙企业 partnership
在运品 goods in transit
在制品 work-in-progress
呆帐 bad debts
呆帐准备 provision for bad debts
没收 forfeiture
利息帐法 interest account method
重置 replacement
决算表 final accounts
折扣栏 discount column
折旧 depreciation
折旧帐法 depreciation account method
折旧准备帐法 depreciation provision account method
折价 discount
非人名帐户 impersonal account
抽取 extract
固定资产 fixed assets
长期负债 long-term liabilities
法人 legal person
股本 share capital
拒付票据 dishonoured bill
股份 share
或有负债 contingent liability
所有权 ownership
承兑 acceptance
承兑人 acceptor
法定股本 authorised capital
股东主权 shareholders'equity
股东资金 shareholders'fund
受票人 drawee
直线折旧法 straight-line depreciation method
直接工资 direct wages
直接原料 direct material
直接费用 direct expenses
股票 share certificate
承销人 consignee
承销清单 account sales
抵销 set-offs
抵销性错误 compensating error
定额制度 imprest system

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#41
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

科目 account
负债 liabilities
信讬人 trustee
按比例分配 pro rata
背书 endorsement
持票人 holder
盈余 surplus
盈余分拨帐 appropriation account
重点钜数 materiality
重估折旧法 revaluation depreciation method
借方 debit
借项通知单 debit note
借项通知单(银行用) debit advice
库存现金 cash in hand
配比 match
个别 several
纯利 net profit
纯利率 net profit ratio
记帐时借贷方互调 complete reversal of entries
特别原始簿 special book of original entry
原始分录错误 error of original entry
原始分录簿 book of original entry
原则性错误 error of principle
流动资产 current assets
流动负债 current liabilities
流动比率 current ratio
流动抵押品 floating charge
租购 hire purchase
租购公司 hirer
个体 entity
差额承上 balance brought down
差额承前 balance brought forward
差额转下 balance carried down
帐户 account
透支 overdraft
透支额度 facility extent
名调乱错误 error of commission
现金日记簿 cash book
现金收支帐 receipts and payments account
现金折扣 cash discount
虚帐户 nominal account
净损失 net loss
累积基金 accumulated fund
停止经营 quit concern
动用资金 capital employed
专利税 royalty
专利权 patent
货物寄销帐 goods sent on consignment account
票面值 par value
接纳 accept
净流动资产 net current assets
速动比率 liquidity ratio
寄销 consignment
寄销人 consignor
寄销帐 consignment account
票据拒付手续费 noting charges
票据贴现 discounting bill of exchange
组织大纲 memorandum of association
组织章程 articles of association
商誉 goodwill
贷方 credit
贷项通知单 credit note
贷项通知单(银行用) credit advice
提用 drawings
提款帐 drawings account
费用 expenses
期未存货 closing stock
期初存货 opening stock
单式簿记 single-entry bookkeeping
备忘 memorandum
补助分类帐 subsidiary account
报表 statement
贴现 discount
发票 invoice
发票人 drawer
间接工资 indirect wages
贴现手续费 discounting charge
普通股 ordinary shares

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#42
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

普通日记簿 general journal
普通原始簿 general book of original entry
间接原料 indirect material
间接费用 indirect expenses, overhead
间接制造成本 factory overhead
开帐分录 opening entries
结帐分录 closing entries
短期合营 joint venture
短期合营帐 joint venture account
短期合营备忘帐 memorandum joint venture account
结算票据 honour the bill of exchange
超额利润 super profit
资本 capital
资本主 proprietor
资本支出 capital expenditure
资本报酬率 return on capital employed
零用现金凭单 petty cash voucher
零用现金簿 petty cash book
债权人 creditor
债券 debenture
预计利息帐法 interest suspense account method
预付费用 prepaid expenses
预取收益 receipt in advance
会计等式 accounting equation
损益帐 profit and loss account
损益计算 income determination
过帐 posting
资产 assets
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产收回价值 goods repossessed value
试算表 trial balance
经常性项目 recurrent item
溢价 premium
溢价发行 issued at premium
催缴股款 call
银行往来调节表 bank reconciliation statement
复式簿记 double-entry bookkeeping
说明 account for
实帐户 real account
对销 contra
制成品 finished goods
汇票 bill of exchange, draft
实际成本 actual cost
截线 enter short
认讲意图 offer
暂记帐户 suspense account
销货成本 cost of goods sold
销货折扣 discounts allowed
销货退回簿 returns inwards book
销货净额 net sales
销货发票 sales invoice
销货簿 sales journal
调整 adjustment
制造成本会计 manufacturing account
数量表达及稳定货币量度 quantifiability and stable monetary measure
随要随付 payable on demand
余绌 surplus and deficit
遗漏错误 error of omission
余额承上 balance brought down
余额承前 balance brought forward
余额递减折旧法 reducing balance depreciation method
余额转下 balance carried down
历史成本 historical cost
担保还款佣金 del credere commission
总分类帐 general ledger
应付帐款分类帐 creditors ledger, purchases ledger
应付帐款分类帐统制帐户 creditors ledger control account, purchases ledger control account

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#43
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

英汉会计词汇
accept 接纳
acceptance 承兑
accepted draft/bill 已承兑汇票
acceptor 承兑人
account 科目,帐户
account for 说明
account sales 承销清单
accounting equation 会计等式
accrued basis 应计基础
accrued income 应计收益
accumulated fund 累积基金
actual cost 实际成本
adjustment 调整
allocation 分配
application and allotment 申请及分配
apportionment 分摊
appropriation account 盈余分拨帐
articles of association 组织章程
assets 资产
authorised capital 法定股本
autopay 自动转帐
bad debts 呆帐
balance brought down 余额承上
balance brought forward 余额承前
balance carried down 余额转下
balance sheet 资产负债表
bank reconciliation statement 银行往来调节表
bill of exchange, draft 汇票
bill payable 应付票据
bill receivable 应收票据
book of original entry 原始分录簿
bookkeeping 簿记
business entity 企业个体
call 催缴股款
called-up capital 己催缴股本
calls in arrear 欠付催缴股款
capital 资本
capital employed 动用资金
capital expenditure 资本支出

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#44
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

capital redemption reserve fund 赎回资本准备金
cash book 现金日记簿
cash discount 现金折扣
cash in hand 手存现金
closing stock 期未存货
compensating error 抵销性错误
complete reversal of entries 记帐时借贷方互调
conservatism 稳健保守
consignee 承销人
consignment 寄销
consignment account 寄销帐
consignor 寄销人
consistency 一贯原则
contingent liability 或有负债
contra 对销
cost accounting 成本会计
cost of goods sold 销货成本
credit 贷方
credit advice 贷项通知单(银行用)
credit note 贷项通知单
credit period allowed to trade debtors 应收帐款赊帐期限
credit period received form trade creditors 应付帐款赊帐期限
creditor 债权人
creditors ledger 应付帐款分类帐
creditors ledger control account 应付帐款分类帐统制帐户
current assets 流动资产
current liabilities 流动负债
current ratio 流动比率
debenture 债券
debit 借方
debit advice 借项通知单(银行用)
debit note 借项通知单
debtors ledger 应收帐款分类帐
debtors ledger control account 应收帐款分类帐统制帐户
del credere commission 担保还款佣金
deficit 亏绌
depreciation 折旧
depreciation account method 折旧帐法
depreciation provision account method 折旧准备帐法
direct expenses 直接费用
direct material 直接原料
direct wages 直接工资
discount 贴现,折价
discounts allowed 销货折扣
discount column 折扣栏
discounts received 购货折扣
discounting bill of exchange 票据贴现
discounting charge 贴现手续费
dishonoured bill 拒付票据
double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记
draft 汇票
drawee 受票人
drawer 发票人
drawings 提用
drawings account 提款帐
endorsement 背书
enter short 截线
entity 个体
error of commission 帐名调乱错误
error of omission 遗漏错误
error of original entry 原始分录错误
error of principle 原则性错误
expenses 费用
extract 抽取
facility extent 透支额度
factory overhead 间接制造成本
final accounts 决算表
finished goods 制成品
fixed assets 固定资产
floating charge 流动抵押品
forfeiture 没收
freehold 永久业权
general book of original entry 普通原始簿

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#45
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

general journal 日记簿
general ledger 总分类帐
going concern 继续经营
goods in transit 在运品
goods repossessed value 资产收回价值
goods sent on consignment account 货物寄销帐
goodwill 商誉
gross loss 毛损
gross profit 毛利
gross profit ratio 毛利率
hire purchase 租购
hirer 租购公司
historical cost 历史成本
holder 持票人
honour the bill of exchange 结算票据
impersonal account 非人名帐户
imprest system 定额制度
income determination 损益计算
indirect expenses 间接费用
indirect material 间接原料
indirect wages 间接工资
interest account method 利息帐法
interest suspense account method 预计利息帐法
invoice 发票
issued at par 平价发行
issued at premium 溢价发行
issued capital 已发行股本
joint 共同
joint venture 短期合营
joint venture account 短期合营帐
journal 日记簿
ledger 分类帐
legal person 法人
liabilities 负债
liquidity ratio 速动比率
long-term liabilities 长期负债
manufacturing account 制造成本会计
margin 毛利率
mark-up 加成
match 配比
materiality 重点钜数
memorandum 备忘
memorandum joint venture account 短期合营备忘帐
memorandum of association 组织大纲
minority balance 少量余额
monthly statement 月结单
net current assets 净流动资产
net loss 净损失
net profit 纯利
net profit ratio 纯利率
net purchases 购货净额
net sales 销货净额
nominal account 虚帐户
noting 公证文件
noting charges 票据拒付手续费
object clause 目标条款
offer 认讲意图
opening stock 期初存货
opening entries 开帐分录
option 购买权
ordinary shares 普通股
overdraft 透支
overhead 间接费用
ownership 所有权
paid-up capital 己缴股本
par value 票面值
partnership 合伙企业
patent 专利权
payable on demand 随要随付
personal account 人名帐户
petty cash book 零用现金簿
petty cash voucher 零用现金凭单
posting 过帐
preference shares 优先股
premium 溢价
prepaid expenses 预付费用
prime cost 主要成本

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#46
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

pro rata 按比例分配
profit and loss account 损益帐
proprietor 资本主
provision for bad debts 呆帐准备
prudence 稳健保守
purchases account 购货帐
purchases journal 购货簿
purchases ledger 应付帐款分类帐
purchases ledger control account 应付帐款分类帐统制帐户
quantifiability and stable monetary measure 数量表达及稳定货币量度
quit concern 停止经营
real account 实帐户
realisation account 变产帐
receipts and payments account 现金收支帐
receipt in advance 预取收益
recurrent item 经常性项目
reducing balance depreciation method 余额递减折旧法
replacement 重置
retired bill 已赎回票据
returns inwards book 销货退回簿
return on capital employed 资本报酬率
returns outwards book 购货退出簿
revaluation depreciation method 重估折旧法
royalty 专利税
sales invoice 销货发票
sales journal 销货簿
sales ledger 应收帐款分类帐
sales ledger control account 应收帐款分类帐统制帐户
set-offs 抵销
several 个别
share 股份
share capital 股本
share certificate 股票
shareholders'equity 股东主权
shareholders'fund 股东资金
self-balancing 自平
self-balancing ledger 自平分类帐
single-entry bookkeeping 单式簿记
sinking fund 偿债基金
special book of original entry 特别原始簿
statement 报表
stock account 存货帐
stock records 存货记录簿
stock turnover rate 存货周转率
straight-line depreciation method 直线折旧法
subsidiary account 补助分类帐
super profit 超额利润
surplus 盈余
surplus and deficit 余绌
suspense account 暂记帐户
trade discount 营业折扣
trade-in 旧换新
trading account 购销帐
trading and profit and loss account 购销损益帐
transfer 转让
trial balance 试算表
trustee 信讬人
uncalled capital 未催缴股本
vendor account 出让人帐
work-in-progress 在制品
working capital ratio 营运资金比率
working paper 工作底稿
year-end stock taking 年终盘点存货

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#47
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

银行贷款与贴现(词汇详解)
Notes

  1.Banks provide most of the credit our economy needs by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments.银行通过向企业、个人和政府发放贷款,提供我国国民经济所需的大部分信贷资金。

  (1)(credit) our economy needs我国国民经济所需的(信贷资金)

  此句为定语从句,省略了关系代词which,修饰前面的先行词credit。

  (2)economy n.①the system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community经济体:国家、地区或群体的经济活动体系和范围

  例:Effects of inflation were felt at every level of the economy.

  通货膨胀影响到每一经济阶层

  ②a specific type of economic system经济制度:特定经济体系类型

  例:an industrial economy; a planned economy.

  工业经济体制;计划经济体制

  (3)by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments是介词短语,在句中做状语。

  by prep. with the use or help of; through借助于;通过

  (4)making (loans to…)是动名词,做介词by的宾语。

  2.The interest that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted forms the major source of banks' income.借款人支付贷款或贴现票据的利息形成了银行主要收入的来源。

  (1)(interest) that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词interest。


  (2)(notes) discounted是过去分词,做后置定语,修饰前面的notes。

  discount vi.to lend money after deduction of interest贴现;减息贷款:在扣除利息后贷款

  (3)form vt.to constitute or compose a usually basic element, part, or characteristic of"构成成",在句中做"谓语"。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#48
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

中文:中外合资企业章程

目 录
第一章 总则
第二章 宗旨、经营范围
第三章 投资总额和注册资本
第四章 董事会
第五章 经营管理机构
第六章 财务会计
第七章 利润分配
第八章 职工
第九章 工会组织
第十章 期限、终止、清算
第十一章 规章制度
第十二章 适用法律
第十三章 附则
第一章 总则

第一条 根据《中华人民共和国中外合资企业法》,和中国×公司(以下简称甲方)与×国×××公司)合资经营合同,特制订本合营公司章和。
第二条 合营公司中文名称为:××有限公司
英文名称为:
缩写为:
合营公司的法定地址为:
第三条 甲、乙双方的名称、法定地址为:
甲方:中国×公司,其法定地址为
乙方:×国×××公司,其法定地址为
第四条 合营公司的组织形式为有限责任公司。甲乙方仅以现行或日后修改的本章程规定的各自认缴的出资额对合营公司承担责任。在上述前提下,各方按其认缴的出资额在注册资本中的比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。
第五条 合营公司为中国法人,受中国法律管辖和保护,其一切活动必遵守中国的法律、法令和有关条例规定
第二章 宗旨、经营范围

第六条 甲、乙方合资经营的目的是:本着加强经济合作和技术交流的愿望,彩先进而适用的技术和科学的经营管理方法,提高产品质量,发民新产品,并在质量、价格等方面具有国际市场上的竟争能力,提高经济效益,使投资各方获得满意的经济利益。(注:在章程中要根据具体情况写明。)
第七条 合营公司经营范围为:
第八条 合营公司生产规模为:
第九条 合营公司向国内、外市场自行销售其产品,并开展有关的其他服务。合营公司将出口销售和取得外汇收入放在优先地位,以保证合营公司的成功和发展。
第三章 投资总额和注册资本

第十条 合营公司的投资总额为____美元
合营公司的投资总额为____美元
甲方:出资额为____万美元,占注册资本___%
其中:1.厂房设施____美元
2.机器设备____美元
乙方:出资额为____万美元,占注册资本____%
其中:
第十二条 甲、乙方应按合同规定的期限缴清各自的出资额。
第十三条 甲、乙方缴付出资额后,经合营公司聘请在中国注册的会计师验资,具验资报告后,由合营公司据此发给甲、乙各方出资证明书,确认种自的出资日期及金额。
第十四条 合营期内,合营公司不得减少注册资本数额。任何一方都不得将其在合营公司中认缴出资的任何部份抵押给任何第三方。
第十五条 合营公司注册资本的增加、转让,应由董事会一致通过后,并报原审批机权批准,向原登记机构办理变更登记手续。
第四章 董事会

第十六条 合营公司设董事会。董事会是合营公司的最高权力机构。
第十七条 董事会决定合营公司的一切重大事宜,下列事宜,董事会应一致通过方可作出决定:
1.合营公司章程和修改;
2.合营公司的中止与解散;
3.合营公司与另一经济组织的合并、兼并与联合;
4.合营公司注册资本的增加与转让;
5.设立合营公司的分支机构;
6.批准合营公司的中长期发展规划;
7.决定合营年度经营方针和计划;
8.批准年度财务预算,财务报告和会计报表;
9.决定合营公司年度利润分配方案;
10.总经理、副总经理的任免;
11.涉及任何一方各合营公司利润冲突的事项。
对以下事项,须出席董事会至少×名董事通过:
1.合营公司年度流动资金贷款的最高额及有关合营公司资产的购置、租赁、出卖或抵押
等事宜;
2.合营公司的劳动合同和重要的规章制度;
3.审查并批准总经理提出的年度经营报告;
4.任免由总经理提名报董事会聘任的高级管理人员、决定上述人员的工资和生活福利待遇;
5.按照中国政府的有关规定,制定合营公司职工的福利和工资制度;
6.确定调整合营公司的组织机构;
7.决定合营公司从税后利润中提取储备基金、企业发展基金和职工奖励及福利基金的比例;
8.决定合营公司的保险种类和投保范围;
9.关于董事会对总经理经营权限的授予;
10.决定合营公司职工的住房及各项福利事宜;
11.其它应由董事会决定的事宜。
第十八条 董事会由×名董事组成,其中甲方委派×名,乙方委派×名。董事任期×年,可以连任。甲、乙方在更换董事人选时,应事先书面通各董事会和另一方。
第十九条 董事会会议每年至少召开一次。经×名以上(含×名)董事提议,董事长可以召开董事会临时会议。董事会会议原则上在_____举行。
第二十条 董事长应在董事会开会前三十天书面通知各董事,写明会议、时间和地点。董事因故不能出席董事会会议,可出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。如届时未出席祟不委托他人出席,则作为弃权。
第二十一条 出席董事会会议的法定人数为全体董事的四分之三。不够四分之三人数时,其通过的决议无效。会议决录应归档保存,会议记录用中、英文文字书写,并且每个出席会议的董事均应在会议记录上签字。

第五章 经营管理机构

第二十二条 合营公司设经营管理机构,负责合营公司的日常管理工作。合营公司设总经理一名,副总经理×名总经理、副总理由董事任命,任期×年,经董事会决定可以连任。
第二十三条 合营公司实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制。总经理直接对董事会,执行董事会会议的各项决定。组织领导合营公司的日常生产、技术和经营管理工作。
第二十四条 副董事长、董事经董事会委派可兼任总经理、副总经理或经理助理。
第二十五条 总经理、副总经理除非得到董事会的批准不得参与和本合营公司有商业竟
争的其他经济组织。
第二十六条 总经理、副总经理及其他商级管理人员请求辞职时,应提前向董事会提出书面报告。以上人员如有营私舞弊或严重失职行为的,不能胜任工作的,经董事会决定可随时撤换。
第六章 财务会计

第二十七条 合营公司的财务会计按照中华人民共和国财政部制定的《中华人民共和国外商投资企业会计制度规定》办理。
第二十八条 合营公司会计年度采用日历年制,从每年一月一日起至十二月三十一日止为一个会计年度。一切记帐凭证、单据、报表、帐薄,用中文书写。
第二十九条 合营公司应采用人民币为记帐的本位货币。人民同其它货币折算,按实际发生之日中华人民共和国外汇管理局公布的汇价计算。
第三十条 合营公司在中银行或中国银行同意的其它银行开立人民币及外币帐户,
第三十一条 合营公司采用国际通用的权责发生制和借贷记帐法记帐。
第三十二条 合营公司的财务会计帐册应记载如下内容:
1.合营公司所有和现金收入、支出数量;
2.合营公司所有的物资出售及购入情况;
3.合营公司注册资本及负债情况;
4.合营公司注册资本的缴纳时间、增加及转让情况。
第三十三条 合营公司财务部门应在每一个会计年度头三个月编制上一个会计年度的资产负债表和损益计算书,经审计师审核签字后,提交董事会会议通过。
第三十四条 合营各方有权自费聘请审计师查阅合营公司帐簿。查阅时,合营公司应提供方便。
第三十五条 合营公司按照《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法施行细则》的规定,由董事会决定合营公司固定资产的折旧年限。
第三十六条 合营公司的一切外汇事宜,按照《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》和有关规定办理。
第七章 利润分配

第三十七条 合营公司从缴纳所得税后的利润中提取储备基金、企业发展基金和职工奖励及福利基金。每年提取的比例,上董事会根据合营公司经营情况讨论确定。
第三十八条 合营公司依法纳税和提取三项基金后的利润,按照甲、乙方在注册资本中的出资比例进行分配。
第三十九条 合营公司每年分配利润一次,每个会计年度后三个月内公布前一年利润分配方案及各方应分的利润额。
第四十条 合营公司上一个会计年度亏损未弥补前不得分配利润。上一个会计年度未分配的利润,可并入本会计年度利润分配。
第八章 职工

第四十一条 合营公司员工的招收、招聘、辞退、工资、生活福利、奖惩、劳动保险、劳动保护。劳动纪律等事宜,按照《中华人民共和国外合资经营企业劳动管理规定》及其实施办法和××省(市)的有关规定办理
第四十二条 合营公司有权对违犯合营公司的规章制度和劳动纪律的员工,给予警告、记过、降薪的处分,情节严重,可予以开除。开除职工须报当地劳动部门备案。
第四十三条 中方职工的工资待遇,按照北京市劳动局的规定,根据合营公司具体情况,由董事会确定,并在劳动合同中具体规定。合营公司随着生产的发展,职工业务能力和技术水平的提高,相应提高职工的工资。合营公司中方退休人员的工资按北京市劳动局的规定办理。
第四十四条 合营公司根据中华人民共和国和××省(市)关于职工劳动保护的有关规定,确保职工在正常生产条件下工作。

第九章 工会组织

第四十五条 合营公司职工有权按照《中华人民共和国工会法》的规定,建立工会组织,开展工会活动。
第四十六条 合营公司工会是职工利益的代表,它的任务是:依法维护职工的民主权利和物质利益;协助合营公司安排和合理使用福利、奖励基金;组织职工学习政治、业务、科学、技术、知识,开展文艺、体育活动;教育职工遵守劳动纪律,努力完成合营公司的各项经济任务。
第四十七条 合营公司工会负责人有权列席有关讨论合营公司的发展规划、生产经营活动等问题的董事会会议,反映职工的意见和要求。
第四十八条 合营公司工会参加调解如工和合营公司之间发生的争议。
第四十九条 合营公司每月按合营公司职工实际工资总额的百分之二拨交工会经费。合营公司工会按照中华全国总工会制定的《工会经费管理办法》使用工会经费。
第十章 期限、终止、清算

第五十条 合营期限为 年。自营业执照签发之日起计算。
如经双方同意,董事会会议一致通过,可以在合营公司期满前六个月,向原审批机构申请延长合营公司期限。
第五十一条 甲,乙方如一致认为终止合营符合各方最大利益时,可提前终止合营。但应在终止前九十天经董事会会议决定,并报原审批机构批准。
第五十二条 发生下列情况这一时,甲、乙任何一方有权依法终止合营。
1.合营公司期限届满;
2.合营公司严重亏损,天力继续经营;
3.由于不可抗力造成严重损失,以致无力继续经营;
4.双方中任何一方无力或不能履行本合同和章程所规定的义务,致使合营公司无法继续
经营;
5.合营公司未达到预计的经营目的,同时以无发展前途。
第五十三条 合营期满或提前终止合营时,董事会应提出清算程序、原则和清算委员会人选,组成清算委员会,对合营公司财产进行清算。
第五十四条 清算委员会任务是对合营公司的财产、债权、债务进行全面清查,编制资产负债表和财产目录,制定清算方案,提请董事会通过后执行。
第五十五条 清算委员会对合营公司的债务全部清偿后,其剩余的财产按甲、乙方在注册资本中的出资比例进行分配。
第五十六条 清算结束后,合营公司应向审批机构提出报告,并向原登记机构办理注销登记手续,缴回营业执照,同时对外公告。
第五十七条 合营公司结业后,其各种帐册,由甲方保存。
第十一章 规章制度

第五十八条 合营公司董事会制定的规章制度有:
1.经营管理制度(包括所属各个管理部门的职责与工作程序);
2.职工守则;
3.劳动工资制度;
4.职工考勤、升级与奖惩制度;
5.职工福利制度;
6.财务制度;
7.其它必要的规章制度。
第十二章 适用法律

第五十九条 本章程的订立、效力、解释、履行均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
第十三章 附则

第六十条 本章程的修改。必须经董事会会议一致通过决议,并报原审批机构批准。
第六十一条 本章程用中文和英文书写,两种文本具有同等效力。上述两种文本如有不符,以中文本为准。
第六十二条 本章程须经中华人民共和国对外经济贸易委员会批准才能行效。
第六十三条 本章程于一九××年×月×日由甲、乙双方的授权代表在中国北京签字。
中国×公司 ×国×××公司
代表签字: 代表签字:
职务: 职务:
年 月 日

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#49
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

英文: ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION FOR________LIMITED LIABILTY COMPANY
INDEX
Chapter 1 General Provision
Chapter 2 The Purpose l Scope and Scale of the Business
Chapter 3 Total Amount of Investment and the Registered Capital
Chapter 4 The Board of Directors
Chapter 5 Business Management Office
Chapter 6 Finance and Accounting
Chapter 7 Profit Sharing
Chapter 8 Staff and Workers
Chapter 9 The Trade Union Organization
Chapter 10 Duration, Termination and Liquidation of the Jint Venture Company
Chapter 11 Rules and Regulations
Chapter 12 Applicable Law
Chapter 13 Supplementary Articles
Chapter 1 General Provision

Article 1
In accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on joint Venture Using
Chinese and Foreign Investment" and the contract signed on in_________ ,china, by, ×Co.
(hereinafter referred to as Party A). and ×××Co., Ltd. (hereinafar referred to as Party A), to set up a joint venture, ×× Limited Liability Company (hereinafter referred to as joint venture
company), the Articles of Association hereby is formulated.
Article 2
The names of the joint venture company shall be ××Limited Liability Company
Its abbreviation is
The Legal address of the joint venture company is at
Article 3
The names and legal addresses of each parties are as follows:
Party A: × Co. , China, and its legal address is
party B: ××× Co., Ltd, and its legal address is
article 4
The organization form of joint venture company is a limited liability company. The liabilities of each party to the joint venture company just limits to its contributed capital, which stipulated in the Articles of Association or in the revised afterwards. The profits, risks and losses of the joint venture company shall be shared by the parties in proportion to their contributions of the registered capital.
Article 5
The joint venture company has the status of a legal person and is subject to the jurisdiction and protection of Chinese laws concerned. All activities of the joint venture company shall be governed by the laws. decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People's Republis of China.
Chapter 2 The Purpose, Scope and Scale of the Business

Article 6
The prupose of the parties to the joint venture is in conformity with the wish of enhancing the economic cooperation and technical exchanges, to raise economic results and ensure satisfactory economic benefits for each investor by improving the product quality, devloping new products, and gaining competitive position in the world market in quality and price through advanced and appropriate technology and scientific management.
Article 7
Business scope of the joint venture company is
Article 8
The production scale of the joint venture company are at follows:
Article 9
The produets of the joint venture company will be sold on Chinese market and overseas market and after-sale services will be provided by themslves. In order to pursuing the success and development of the joint venture company, the joint venture company shall give the top priority on export of the prodacts and earning foreign currency.
Chapter 3 Total Amount of Investment and the Registered Capital

Article 10
The total amount of investment of the joint venture company is V. S. Dollars. The regis tered capital for the joint venture company is V. S. Dollars.
Article 11
Both parties shall contribute the
capital as sollows:
Party A shall pay accounts for %
includes:l)
2)
Party B shall pay accounts for %
includes:1) Factory site and others: us Dollars;
2) Eauipment: us Dollars
Article 12
The amount of the investment in Article 10 shall be paid by Party A and Party B according to the time limit stipulated in the contract.
Article 13
After the payment of investment by the parties to the joint venture, a Chinese registered accountant invited by the joint venture company shall verify it and provide a certificate for contributed investment. Thereafter the joint venture company shall issue an investment certificate to confirm the date and amount of the contribution.
ArticIe14
Within the term of the joint venture, the joint venture company shall not reduce its registered capital. Neither party shall be allowed to mortgage any part of the investment to the third party.
Article 15
Any increase, assignment of the registered capital of the joint venture company shall be approved by the board of directors and submitted to the original examining and approving au-thority for approval. The registration procedures for changes shall be dealt with at the original registration and administration office.
Chapter 4 The Board of Directors

Article 16
The joint venture company shall establish the board of directors which is the highest au-thority of the joint venture company.
Article 17
The board of directors shall decide all major issues concerning the joint venture compa-ny.As for the following issues. unamious approval shall be required:
l)amending the Articles of Association of the joint venture company ;
2)discussing and deciding the termination and dissolution of the joint venture company;
3)deciding the merger, affiliation and consolidation of the joint venture company with other economic organization;
4)deciding the increase and assignment of the registered capital;
5)deciding to set up branches;
6)ratifying the project of development on medium term and long term;
7)deciding an annual management strategy and plan;
8)ratifying fiscal budget, fiscal report and accounting statement;
9)deciding the plan on annual profits sharing;
l0)inviting and dismissing the general manager and the deputy general managers;
11)settling the disputes between each party to the joint venture and joint venture company.
As for other matters, approval by more than_________ directors shall be required. such as;
1)deciding the top line of annual circulating capital and issues on purchasing, leasing and mortgage of assets in the joint venture company;
2)approving. the labor contracts and other important regulations of the joint venture company;
3)examining and approving the annual business report submitted by the general manager;
4)inviting and dismissing the senior adminiatrative personnal who shall be recommended by general manager, and deciding their salary and welfare;
5)deciding the system of salary and welfare for staff and workers in joint venture company in accordance with the relevant regulations of China;
6)defining and adjusting the stracture of the joint venture company
7)deciding the proportion of allocation for reserve funds, expension funds and bonuses from the taxed profits of joint venture company;
8)deciding the types and scope of insurances for joint venture company
9)deciding the scope of authorized power for the general manager;
10)deciding the plan on living houses and other welfare for staff and workers of joint venture company;
11)deciding other matters which shall made decision by the board of directors.
Article 18
The board of directors shall consist of directors. of which directors shall be appointed by Party A, by Party B. The term of office for the directors is four years and may be renewed.
When appointing and replacing directors, a written notice shall be submitted to the board and the other party.
Article 19
The board of directors shall convene at least one meeting every year. The chairman may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by more than _______(including )directors. The board meeting will be held in principle in ________.
Article 20
The chairman shall give each director a written notice thirty (30) days before the date of the board meeting. The notice shall cover the agenda, time and place of the. Should the directors be unable to attend the board meeting meeting, he may present aproxy in written
form to the board.
In case the director neither attends nor entrusts others to attend the meeting, he will be regarded as abstention.
Article 22
The board meeting requires a quorum of over three quarter of the total number of directors. When the quorum is less than three quqrter, the decisions adopted by the board meeting are invalid. Detailed written records shall be made for each board meeting and signed by all the attended directors or by the attended proxy. The record shall be made in Chinese and in English, and shall be filed with the company.
Chapter 5 Business Management Office

Article 22
The joint venture company shall establish a management office which shall be responsible for its daily management. The management office shall have one general manager, deputy general managers. They shall be invited by the board of directors whose term of office is four years and may be renewed by the board of directors.
Article 23
The system of job responsibility of the general manager under the board of directors is adopted by the joint venture company. The general manager shall be responsible to the board of directors directly, carry out the decisions of the board of directors and organize the daily
works on production, technology and management of joint venture company.
Article 24
At the invitation of the board of directors, the chairlnan, vicechairman of directors of the board may concurrently be the general manager, deputy general manager and general manager assistant of the joint venture company.
Article 25
The general manager or deputy general managers shall not hold positions concurrently as general manager or deputy general manager of other economic organizations on commercial competition with their own joint venture company without the approval of the board of directors. Article 26
The general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative personnel who ask for resignation shall submit their written reports to the board of dircetors in advance. In case any one of the above-mentioned persons conduct graft or serious dereliction of duty, they may be dismissed at any time upon the decision of the borad.
Chapter 6 finance and Accounting

Article 27
The finance and accounting of the joint venture company shall be handled in accordance with the "Stipulations of the Finance and Accounting System of the Joint Venture Using Chinese and Foreign Investment" which formulated by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China.
Article 28
The fiscal year of the joint venture company shall be calendar year from January 1 to December 31. All vouchers, receipts, accounting statiments and reports, accounting books shall be written in Chinese and English.
Article 29
The joint venture company adopts Renminbi (RMB) as its accounts keeping unit. The conversion of RMB into other currency shall be in accordance with the exchange rate of the converting day published by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China.
Article 30
The joint venture company shall open accounts in RMB and foreign currency with the Band of China or other banks which agreed by the Bank of China.
Article 3l
The accounting of the joint venture company shall adopt the internationally used accrual basis and debit and credit accouting system in their work.
Article 32
The accounting books of the joint venture company shall include the following contents:
(1)all amount of income and payment and payment in cash of the joint venture company;
(2)situations concerning sale and purchasing the materials of the joint venture company;
(3)situations concerning registered capital and debt of the joint venture company;
(4)situations concerning and assignment of the registered capital.
Article 33
In the first three months of each fiscal year, the manager shall prepare the profits year's balance sheet, profit and loss statement and proposal regarding the disposal of profits which should be examined and signed by the auditor, then submit them to the board of directors.
Article 34
Parties of the joint venture company have the right to invite an auditor to undertake annual financial check and examination at his own expense. The joint venture company shall provide convenience for the checking and examination.
Article 35
The depreciation period for the fixed assets of the joint venture company shall be decided by the board of eircetors in accoudance with the "The Income Tax Law of the People's R-public of Chian for Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises"
Article 36
All matters concerning foreign exchange shall be handled in accordance with the "rovisional Regulations for Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China" and other pertaining regulations.
Chapter 7 Profit Sharing

Article 37
The joint venture company shall allocate reserve funds, expansion funds and bonuses welfare funds for staff and workers after payment of taxes. The proportion of allocation shall be decided by the board of directors.
Article 38
After paying the taxes in accoudance wiht law and drawing the various funds, the profits in net will be distributed according to the proprtion of each party's investment in the registered capital.
Article 39
The joint venture company shall distribute its profits once a year. The profit distribution plan and amount of profit distributed to each party shall be published within the first three months following each fiscal year.
Chapter 8 Staff and Workers

Article 41
The employment, recruitment, dismissal and resigntion of the staff and workers of the joint venture company and their salary, welfare, labor insurance, labor protection, labor discipline and other matters shall be handled according to the "Regulations of the People's Re-public of China on Labor Management in Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment" and its implementation rules, and relevant regulations issued by ×× province (City).
Article 42
The joint venture company has the right to take disciplinary actions, such as warning, demerit recording and salary reducing against those staff and workers who violate the rules and regulations of the joint venture company and labor disciplines. Those with serious cases
may be dismissed. Discharging of workers shall be filed with the local labor and personnel department.
Article 43
The salary treatment of the staff and workers shall be set by the board of directors ac-cording to the specific situation of ________, and the joint venture company, with reference to the regulations issued by the Bureau of Labor of _________, and shall be specified in detail in the labor contract. The salary of the staff and workers shall be increased correspondently with the development of production and the progress of the worker's ability and technology. The pensions of the staff and workers who retired from the joint venture company shall be paid ac-cording to the specific regulations issued by the Bureau of Labor of __________.
Article 44
The matters concerning the welfare funds, bonuses, labor protection and labor insurance, etc, shall be stipulated respectively in various rules by the joint venture company in ac-cordace with relevant regulations of the Pepole's Republic of China and________ , to ensure that the staff and workers go in for production and work under normal condition.
Chapter 9 The Trade Union Organization

Article 45
The staff and workers of joint venture company have the right to establish tade union organization and carry out activities in accordance with the stipulation of the "Trade Union Law of the people's Republic of China".
Article 46
The trade union in the joint venture company is the representative of the interests of the staff and workers. The tasks of the trade union are: to protect the democratic rights and ma-terial interests of the staff and workers pursuant to the law; to assist the joint venture company to arrange and make rational use of welfare funds and bonuses; to organize political, professional, scientific and technical studies, to carry out literary, art and sports activities; and to educate staff and workers to observe labor discipline and strive to fulfil the economic tasks of the joint venture company.
Article 47
The persons in charge of the trade union of the joint venture company has the right to attend as nonvoting members and to report the opinions and demands of staff and workers to meetings of the board of directors held to discuss issues such as development plans, production and managing activities of the joint venture company.
Article 48
The trade union shall take part in the mediation of disputes arising between the staff and workers and the joint venture company.
Article 49
The joint venture company shall allot an amount of money totally 2% of all the salaries of the staff and workers of the joint venture company as trade union's funds which shall be used by the trade union in accordance with the "Managerial Rules for the Traed Union Funds" formulated by the All China Federation of Trade Union.
Chapter 10 Duration, Termination and Liquidation of the Joint Venture

Article 50
The duration of the joint venture company is ___________ years. The establishment of the joint venture company shall start from the date on which the business license of the joint venture company is issued.
An application for the extension of the duration. proposed by one party and unamiously approved by the board of directors, shall be submitted to the original examining and approving authority 6 months prior to the expiry date of the joint venture.
Article 51
With the agreement between both parties on the termination which should be pursuing the best benefits for the parties, the joint venture will be terminated. In this case, the decision for the termination shall be made by the board meeting 90 days before the date of termination of the joint venture, and be submitted to the original examining and approving authority.
Article52
When the following situations happened, either party have right to terminate the joint venture:
1)expiration of the duration of the joint venture company;
2)inability to continue operations due to heavy losses;
3)inability to continue operations due to heavy losses caused by the Force Majeure;
4)inability to continue operations due to the failure of the party to fulfil its obligations prescribed in the contract and the Articles of Association;
5)failure to obtain the desired objectives of the operation and noprospects for the future development of the joint venture company.
Article 53
Upon the expiration of the duration or termination of the joint venture company, the board of directors shall work out proceduers and principles for the liquidation, nominate candidates for the liquidation committee for liqidating the assets of the joint ventrue company.
Article 54
The task of the liquidation committee are: to conduct through check of the property of the joint venture company, its claims and indebtedness; to work out the statement of assets and liabilities and list of property; to formulate a liquidation plan. All these shall be earried out upon the approval of the board of directors.
Article 55
The remaning property after the clearance of debts of the joint venture company shall be earried out upon the approval of the board of directors.
Article 56
On completion of the liquidation, the joint venture company shall submit a liquidation report to the original examining and approving authority, go through the formalities for nullifying its registration in the original registration office and hand in its business license, at the same time, make an anouncement to the public.
Article 57
After winding up of the joint venture company, its accounting books shall be left in the care of Party A.
Chapter 11 Regulations

Article 58
Following are the rules and regulations formulated by the board of directors of the joint venture company:
1) Management regulations, including the powers and functions of the managerial branches and its working rules and procedures;
2)Rules for the staff and workers;
3)System of labor and salary;
4)System of work attendance record, promotion and awards and penalty for the staff and workers;
5)Detailed rules of staff and worker's welfare;
6)Financial system;
7)Liquidation procedures upon the dissolution of the joint venture company;
8)Other necessary rules and regulations.
Chapter l2 Applicable Law

Article 59
The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of the disputes shall be governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of china.
Chapter 13 Supplementary Articles

Article 60
The amendment to the Articles of Association shall be unanimously agreed and decided by the board of directors and submitted to the original examining and approving authority for approval.
Article 61
The contract shall be written in chinese and in English. Both languages are equally au- thentic. In events of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinece version shall prevail.
Article 62
The Articles of Association shall come into effect upon the approval by People's Repablic China. The same applies ×× Economic Relation and Trade Commisston, in the events of amendments.
Article 63
The Articles of Association is signed in province (city) China by the authorized representatives of both parties on

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#50
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

财务管理公式汇总

中级财务管理公式-汇总
1、单利:I=P*i*n
2、单利终值:F=P(1+i*n)
3、单利现值:P=F/(1+i*n)
4、复利终值:F=P(1+i)^n 或:P(F/P,i,n)
5、复利现值:P=F/(1+i)^n 或:F(P/F,i,n)
6、普通年金终值:F=A{(1+i)^n-1]/i 或:A(F/A,i,n)
7、年偿债基金:A=F*i/[(1+i)^n-1] 或:F(A/F,i,n)
8、普通年金现值:P=A{[1-(1+i)^-n]/i} 或:A(P/A,i,n)
9、年资本回收额:A=P{i/[1-(1+i)^-n]} 或:P(A/P,i,n)
10、即付年金的终值:F=A{(1+i)^(n+1)-1]/i 或:A[(F/A,i,n+1)-1]
11、即付年金的现值:P=A{[1-(1+i)^-(n+1)]/i+1} 或:A[(P/A,i,n-1)+1]
12、递延年金现值:
第一种方法:P=A{[1-(1+i)^-n]/i-[1-(1+i)^-s]/i}
或:A[(P/A,i,n)-(P/A,i,s)]
第二种方法:P=A{[1-(1+i)^-(n-s)]/i*[(1+i)^-s]}
或:A[(P/A,i,n-s)*(P/F,i,s)]
13、永续年金现值:P=A/i
14、折现率:
i=[(F/p)^1/n]-1 (一次收付款项)
i=A/P
(永续年金)
普通年金折现率先计算年金现值系数或年金终值系数再查有关的系数表求i,不能直接求得的通过内插法计算。
15、名义利率与实际利率的换算:i=(1+r/m)^m-1
式中:r为名义利率;m为年复利次数
16、期望投资报酬率=资金时间价值(或无风险报酬率)+风险报酬率
17、期望值:(P43)
18、方差:(P44)
19、标准方差:(P44)
20、标准离差率:(P45)
21、外界资金的需求量=变动资产占基期销售额百分比x销售的变动额-变动负债占基期销售额百分比x销售的变动额-销售净利率x收益留存比率x预测期销售额
22、外界资金的需求量的资金习性分析法:(P55)
23、债券发行价格=票面金额x(P/F,i1,n)+票面金额x i2(P/A,i1,n)
式中:i1为市场利率;i2为票面利率;n为债券期限
如果是不计复利,到期一次还本付息的债券:
债券发行价格=票面金额
x(1+ i2 x n )x (P/F,i1,n)
24、放弃现金折扣的成本=CD/(1-CD)x 360/N x 100%
式中:CD为现金折扣的百分比;N为失去现金折扣延期付款天数,等于信用期与折扣期之差
25、债券成本:Kb=I(1-T)/B0(1-f)=B*i*(1-T)/B0(1-f)
式中:Kb为债券成本;I为债券每年支付的利息;T为所得税税率;B为债券面值;i为债券票面利率;B0为债券筹资额,按发行价格确定;f为债券筹资费率
26、银行借款成本:Ki=I(1-T)/L(1-f)=i*L*(1-T)/L(1-f)
或:Ki=i(1-T) (当f忽略不计时)
式中:Ki为银行借款成本;I为银行借款年利息;L为银行借款筹资总额;T为所得税税率;i为银行借款利息率;f为银行借款筹资费率
27、优先股成本:Kp=D/P0(1-T)
式中:Kp为优先股成本;D为优先股每年的股利;P0为发行优先股总额
28、普通股成本:Ks=[D1/V0(1-f)]+g
式中:Ks为普通股成本;D1为第1年股的股利;V0为普通股发行价;g为年增长率
29、留存收益成本:Ke=D1/V0+g
30、加权平均资金成本:Kw=ΣWj*Kj
式中:Kw为加权平均资金成本;Wj为第j种资金占总资金的比重;Kj为第j种资金的成本
31、筹资总额分界点:BPi=TFi/Wi
式中:BPi为筹资总额分界点;TFi为第i种筹资方式的成本分界点;Wi为目标资金结构中第i种筹资方式所占比例
32、边际贡献:M=(p-b)x=m*x
式中:M为边际贡献;p为销售单价;b为单位变动成本;m为单位边际贡献;x为产销量
33、息税前利润:EBIT=(p-b)x-a=M-a
34、经营杠杆:DOL=M/EBIT=M/(M-a)
35、财务杠杆:DFL=EBIT/(EBIT-I)
36、复合杠杆:DCL=DOL*DFL=M/[EBIT-I-d/(1-T)]
37:每股利润无差异点分析公式:
[(EBIT-I1)(1-T)-D1]/N1=[(EBIT-I2)(1-T)-D2]/N2
当EBIT大于每股利润无差异点时,利用负债集资较为有利;当EBIT小于每股利润无差异点时,利用发行普通股集资较为有利
38、经营期现金流量的计算:
经营期某年净现金流量=该年利润+该年折旧+该年摊销+该年利息+该年回收额
39、非折现评价指标:
投资利润率=年平均利润额/投资总额x100%
不包括建设期的投资回收期=原始投资额/投产若干年每年相等的现金净流量
包括建设期的投资回收期=不包括建设期的投资回收期+建设期
40、折现评价指标:
净现值(NPV)=-原始投资额+投产后每年相等的净现金流量x年金现值系数
净现值率(NPVR)=投资项目净现值/原始投资现值x100%
获利指数(PI)=1+净现值率
内部收益率=IRR
(P/A,IRR,n)=I/NCF 式中:I为原始投资额
41、短期证券收益率:K=(S1-S0+P)/S0*100%
式中:K为短期证券收益率;S1为证券出售价格;S0为证券购买价格;P为证券投资报酬(股利或利息)
42、长期债券收益率:
V=I*(P/A,i,n)+F*(P/F,i,n)
式中:V为债券的购买价格
43、股票投资收益率:
V=Σ(j=1~n)Di/(1+i)^j+F/(1+i)^n
44、长期持有股票,股利稳定不变的股票估价模型:V=d/K
式中:V为股票内在价值;d为每年固定股利;K为投资人要求的收益率
45、长期持有股票,股利固定增长的股票估价模型:
V=d0(1+g)/(K-g)=d1/(K-g)
式中:d0为上年股利;d1为第一年股利
46、证券投资组合的风险收益:
Rp=βp*(Km
- Rf)
式中: Rp为证券组合的风险收益率;βp为证券组合的β系数;Km为所有股票的平均收益率,即市场收益率;Rf为无风险收益率
47、机会成本=现金持有量x有价证券利率(或报酬率)
48、现金管理相关总成本+持有机会成本+固定性转换成本
49、最佳现金持有量:Q=(2TF/K)^1/2
式中:Q为最佳现金持有量;T为一个周期内现金总需求量;F为每次转换有价证券的固定成本;K为有价证券利息率(固定成本)
50、最低现金管理相关总成本:(TC)=(2TFK)^1/2
51、应收账款机会成本=维持赊销业务所需要的资金x资金成本率
52、应收账款平均余额=年赊销额/360x平均收账天数
53、维持赊销业务所需要的资金=应收账款平均余额x变动成本/销售收入
54、应收账款收现保证率=(当期必要现金支出总额-当期其它稳定可靠的现金流入总额)/当期应收账款总计金额
55、存货相关总成本=相关进货费用+相关存储成本=存货全年计划进货总量/每次进货批量x每次进货费用+每次进货批量/2
x 单位存货年存储成本
56、经济进货批量:Q=(2AB/C)^1/2
式中:Q为经济进货批量;A为某种存货年度计划进货总量;B为平均每次进货费用;C为单位存货年度单位储存成本
57、经济进货批量的存货相关总成本:(TC)=(2ABC)^1/2
58、经济进货批量平均占用资金:W=PQ/2=P(AB/2C)^1/2
59、年度最佳进货批次:N=A/Q=(AC/2B)^1/2
60、允许缺货时的经济进货批量:Q=[(2AB/C)(C+R)/R]^1/2
式中:S为缺货量;R为单位缺货成本
61、缺货量:S=QC/(C+R)
62、存货本量利的平衡关系:
利润=毛利-固定存储费-销售税金及附加-每日变动存储费x储存天数
63、每日变动存储费=购进批量x购进单价x日变动储存费率
或:每日变动存储费=购进批量x购进单价x每日利率+每日保管费用
64、保本储存天数=(毛利-固定存储费-销售税金及附加)/每日变动存储费
65、目标利润=投资额x投资利润率
66、保利储存天数=(毛利-固定存储费-销售税金及附加-目标利润)/每日变动存储费
67、批进批出该商品实际获利额=每日变动储存费x(保本天数-实际储存天数)
68、实际储存天数=保本储存天数-该批存货获利额/每日变动存储费
69、批进零售经销某批存货预计可获利或亏损额=该批存货的每日变动存储费x[平均保本储存天数-(实际零售完天数+1)/2]=购进批量x购进单价x变动储存费率x[平均保本储存天数-(购进批量/日均销量+1)/2]=购进批量x单位存货的变动存储费x[平均保本储存天数-(购进批量/日均销量+1)/2]
70、利润中心边际贡献总额=该利润中心销售收入总额-该利润中心可控成本总额(或:变动成本总额)
71、利润中心负责人可控成本总额=该利润中心边际贡献总额-该利润中心负责人可控固定成本
72、利润中心可控利润总额=该利润中心负责人可控利润总额-该利润中心负责人不可控固定成本
73、公司利润总额=各利润中心可控利润总额之和-公司不可分摊的各种管理费用、财务费用等
74、定基动态比率=分析期数值/固定基期数值
75、环比动态比率=分析期数值/前期数值
76、流动比率=流动资产/流动负债
77、速动比率=速动资产/流动负债
78、现金流动负债比率=年经营现金净流量/年末流动负债*100%
79、资产负债率=负债总额/资产总额
80、产权比率=负债总额/所有者权益
81、已获利息倍数=息税前利润/利息支出
82、长期资产适合率=(所有者权益+长期负债)/(固定资产+长期投资)
83、劳动效率=主营业务收入或净产值/平均职工人数
84、周转率(周转次数)=周转额/资产平均余额
85、周转期(周转天数)=计算期天数/周转次数=资产平均余额x计算期天数/周转额
86、应收账款周转率(次)=主营业务收入净额/平均应收账款余额
其中:
主营业务收入净额=主营业务收入-销售折扣与折让
平均应收账款余额=(应收账款年初数+应收账款年末数)/2
应收账款周转天数=(平均应收账款x360)/主营业务收入净额
87、存货周转率(次数)=主营业务成本/平均存货
其中:
平均存货=(存货年初数+存货年末数)/2
存货周转天数=(平均存货x360)/主营业务成本
88、流动资产周转率(次数)=主营业务收入净额/平均流动资产总额
其中:
流动资产周转期(天数)=(平均流动资产周转总额x360)/主营业务收入总额
89、固定资产周转率=主营业务收入净额/固定资产平均净值
90、总资产周转率=主营业务收入净额/平均资产总额
91、主营业务利润率=利润/主营业务收入净额
92、成本费用利润率=利润/成本费用
93、总资产报酬率=(利润总额+利息支出)/平均资产总额
94、净资产收益率=净利润/平均净资产x100%
95、资本保值增值率=扣除客观因素后的年末所有者权益/年初所有者权益
96、社会积累率=上交国家财政总额/企业社会贡献总额
上交的财政收入包括企业依法向财政交缴的各项税款。
97、社会贡献率=企业社会贡献总额/平均资产总额
企业社会贡献总额包括:工资(含奖金、津贴等工资性收入)、劳保退休统筹及其它社会福利支出、利息支出净额、应交或已交的各项税款、附加及福利等。
98、销售(营业)增长率=本年销售(营业)增长额/上年销售(营业)收入总额x100%
99、资本积累率=本年所有者权益增长额/年初所有者权益x100%
100、总资产增长率=本年总资产增长额/年初资产总额
101、固定资产成新率=平均固定资产净值/平均固定资产原值x100%
102、三年利润平均增长率=[(年末利润总额/三年前年末利润总额)^1/3
- 1]x100%
103、权益乘数=资产总额/所有者权益总额=1/(1-资产负债率)

lavenderdale : 2007-07-15#51
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

[COLOR="Blue"]银行业务例文和结算英语用语

结算
到目前为止,我公司应收帐尚有二万美元。兹奉上结算报告书一份,敬请查收为荷。
Enclosed we hand you a statement of account to date, showing a balance of $20,000 in our
favour, which we trust will be found in order.
上开帐目,现正核对,如无错误,将遵照贵公司的指示,将转入新开的帐户内。
This account is under examination, and if found correct, it shall be carried to a new account,
in conformity with your instructions.
您昨日函敬悉。兹遵照贵方请求,同函附上结算报告书,敬请惠予查收为荷。
Your favour of yesterday was duly received, and we hand you herewith a statement of your
account as requested, which we hope you will find correct.
兹奉上棒铁总价为512,000元清单一份,恳请列入我公司贷方帐项为荷。
We hand you our account on the bar iron, amounting to $512,000, which kindly pass to
our credit. [/COLOR]

playaroundtoCanada : 2007-07-15#52
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

LZ是在哪里的?我也是作会计相关工作,目前还在国内的官僚机构混混。很喜欢你的帖子。加油啊。多交流啊。

whywant : 2007-07-15#53
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

THANKS:wdb19::wdb19::wdb10::wdb9:

lavenderdale : 2007-07-16#54
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

移友们,继续给 我加声望。我会更努力地去收集会计英语知识。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-16#55
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

我在北京啊,playaroundtoCanada 。你在哪里。经常到这里交流英语知识吧。别忘记继续给 我加声望。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-16#56
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

加拿大的会计制度的主要特征:

加拿大作为英联邦成员之一,在会计制度上保留着英国传统的某些特点;而作为美洲大陆上美国的邻居,其会计制度又日益广泛地受到美国的影响。这种联系本身就是加拿大会计的重要特征之一。

加拿大会计报表体系

加拿大的会计报表体系,包括资产负债表、损益表、留存收益表、财务状况变动表以及对报表项目所作的注释和详细资料的补充。资产负债表的格式有帐户式、报告式和财务状况式。其中帐户式的应用最为广泛。

损益表的格式多样,反映的内容以"损益满计观念"为依据,不限于本期营业有关的内容。将各种收入以及各种费用和成本项目分列,收入点额与成本费用总额的差额即是损益净值。留存收益表不是每个公司单独编制,有的公司只是把有关资料(主要是股利分配数额)在损益表的最下方加以反映而把留存收益表省略。

财务状况变动表有以现金为基础和以营运资本为基础两种,其中以营运资本为基础的财务状况变动表为数较多。存货可按成本计价,也可按成本与市价孰低法计价。对于市价并无明确规定,在实际应用中,有按市场价格、再购进价格、可变现净值以及可变现净值扣除正常利润等多种做法。短期持有的有价证券按成本与市价孰低法计价;以资金运用为目的的长期有价证券按成本计价,但当市场价格持续降低时 ,则作减值处理。固定资产折旧在会计上较多地应用直线法,但在纳税申报中则主要应用余额递减法。在加拿大,研究与开发费用中的研究费用,在发生时作为费用列支。对于开发费用,则规定凡符合一定条件的可以作为递延费用处理,其余的则在发生时直接记人费用,列为递延费用的部分,在发挥效益期间均可摊销,但每个会计期间要按规定条件进行检查,如发现不符,则在当期将递延费用全部转入费用 。关于物价变动的影响,加拿大会计原则上采用现时成本法进行调整和反映。

lavenderdale : 2007-07-16#57
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Accounting principles会计原则(一)
The purpose of accounting"is tofprovide information thatecan be]usefulnforCeconomic\decision-making. For thisEpurpose, we should have certain accounting1principles that provideEguidelines3and a common ground toYpractice accounting_and to communicate accounting informationreffectively. Thejmost important principles are^as%follows:
-Accrual
-Historicalfcost
-Realization
-Matching
-Conservation
-Objectivity
-Full-Disclosure
-Consistency
-Materiality

yangyang2005 : 2007-07-16#58
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

good job,thanks

加纷纷鼓励!

yangyang2005 : 2007-07-16#59
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

有空学习一下

yangyang2005 : 2007-07-16#60
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

说明:如果大家反映好,我可以把本帖置顶

IBT : 2007-07-16#61
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

一个头两个大
估计如果不是做这方面工作不会仔细看得吧

yangyang2005 : 2007-07-16#62
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

一个头两个大
估计如果不是做这方面工作不会仔细看得吧
确实很专业:wdb17:

有机会好好学习一下(听说不少女筒子过去都改行学会计:wdb4:

SYCHJ : 2007-07-16#63
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

有用

caitherine : 2007-07-18#64
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

好!支持一下!!

Julia200208 : 2007-08-09#65
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

:wdb10: 感谢楼主这么用心搭这么一个高楼. 很有用啊.我也是学会计的,看来今后可以多多借用这些好东西了.

wenceline : 2007-08-10#66
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

厉害啊,楼主是在学习中,还是已经工作了?

whywant : 2007-08-10#67
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

quite professional:wdb17::wdb6:

lune : 2007-08-19#68
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

很不错 感谢lz

yang : 2007-08-23#69
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

也想去学会计,多谢楼主,辛苦了。

olivierzh : 2007-09-09#70
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

建议去买本 《立信会计专业英语》都含概了会计的方方面面,本人看过,从Financial statement,income statement,到cost control,很多,对应有财务表格。逐项解析!

估计对朋友们有益!

uvov : 2007-09-18#71
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Merci!!!

tatiaonv : 2007-09-22#72
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

谢谢~~~很有用啊~~辛苦了~

tatiaonv : 2007-09-22#73
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

:wdb10:谢谢~~~很有用啊~~辛苦了~

张打油 : 2007-09-22#74
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

楼主果然是专家
金融财务一把抓
宝贵材料众人享
存下莫忘把分加

poiuyman5 : 2007-10-01#75
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

my majority, my work, thanks a lot

mignon : 2007-10-01#76
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

搂住辛苦了

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#77
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

感谢张打油,本人努力努力再努力,努力让每个热爱理财的人,热爱经济的人,到了加拿大都能面对经济生活的经济语言,听之切切,说之凿凿。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#78
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

财务管理中的英文字母含义
财务管理》是中级会计专业技术资格考试中一门相当重要的课程,书中有许多英文字母的缩写(特别在各种各样的公式中),它们其实并不是编者随意指定的,而是有着其内在的含义。了解它们的含义不仅有助于对书中内容的理解,还能增强对内容的记忆,不至于在考试中引起混淆。下面笔者就这些字母作了一些注解,希望能给大家的学习带来帮助。
  第二章资金时间价值与风险分析
  1、利息I [P25]
  interest(n.兴趣,关心,重要性,影响,利息, [常pl.]利益,利害)
  2、现值P [P25]
  present value(adj.现在的,出席的,当面的)
  3、终值F [P25]
  final value(adj.最后的,最终的,决定性的)
  4、天数、期数N [P25]
  number(n.数,数字,数量,号码,算术,诗,韵律、v.遍号码,共计……,计入,计算,算入)
  5、年金A [P28]
  annuity(n.年金,养老金,年金享受权)
  6、概率P [P42]
  probability(n.可能性,或然性,概率)
  7、期望值E [P43]
  expectation(n.期待,预料,指望,展望, [数]期望(值))
  第三章企业筹资方式
  8、变动资产A [P53]
  asset(n.资产,有用的东西)
  9、变动负债B [P53]
  debt(n.债务,罪过)
  10、销售额S [P53]
  sale(n.出售,卖出,贱卖,廉价出售,销路,销售额)
  11、销售净利润P [P53]
  profit(n.利润,益处,得益)
12、收益留存比率E [P53]
  earning (n.所赚的钱,收入)
  13、香港上市的股票H股/纽约上市的股票N股[P63]
  Hongkong (香港)、New York (纽约)
  14、现金折扣CD [P96]
  其中的C是指:cash(n.现金)、其中的D是指:discount (n.折扣)
  第四章资金成本和资金结构

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#79
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

管理英语词汇
MANAGEMENT OF TIME AND COST 时间与成本管理
Introduction and Theory 简介与理论
Planning and Scheduling 制定计划和进度
Resource Management and Financial Management 资源和财务管理
Cost Control and value Analysis 成本控制与价值分析
Variability and Risk Management 变化因素与风险管理
Introduction and Theory 内容简介与理论
objectives 目标
Management theory; evolution. 管理理论及其发展
Project Management; definitions. 项目管理的定义
Stakeholders;client and project team. 资金保管者;代理人和项目小组
Financial management in projects. 项目中的财务管理
Network Analysis 网络分析
Resource Management 资源管理
Resourcing project 项目的资源
Supply chain and projects Logistics. 供应链和后勤工作
Resource allocation and smoothing 资源的调配
Investment appraisal 投资评估
Budgeting control 成本控制
Cash flow forecasting 现金流量预测
Earned value analysis 增值分析
Management accounts 管理记录
Risk Management 风险管理
Risk analysis 风险分析
time and cost 时间和成本
Contingency management 意外事件管理
Perception and attitudes 观察和态度
Experience 工作经历
Methodology 方法论
organisation 组织学
Sessions 研讨
The fundamental principles of project management 项目管理基础理论
Project Management definitions 项目管理定义
Forecasting 预测
Estimating 评估
Programming 规划
Planning 制定计划
Control 控制
Contractor 合同
SESSION1.Introduction and Theory内容简介与理论
SESSION2.Planning and Scheduling制定计划和进度
SESSION3.Resource Management and Financial Management资源和财务管理
SESSION4.Cost Control and value Analysis成本控制与价值分析
SESSION5.Variability and Risk Management变化因素与风险管理
Stakeholders;client and project team.资金保管者;代理人和项目小组
Financial management in projects.项目中的财务管理
Industrial scheduling工业进度
Network Analysis网络分析
Supply chain and projects Logistics.供应链和后勤工作
Resource allocation and smoothing资源的调配
Investment appraisal投资评估
Budgeting control成本控制
Cash flow forecasting现金流预测
Earned value analysis已增价值分析
Management accounts管理记录
Variability and Risk Management 变量和风险分析
Variability in resources资源中的变量
Risk analysis, time and cost风险分析,时间和成本
Contingency management意外事故管理
Perception and attitudes观察和态度
Methodology,organisation方法论,组织学
Sessions;outline研讨;大纲
Sponsor赞助人
Champion竞争者
Client代理人
Customer客户
Contractor合同
Sub - contractors子合同
Suppliers供货商

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#80
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

EBIT与EBITDA
EBIT,全称Earnings Before Interest and Tax,即息税前利润,从字面意思可知是扣除利息、所得税之前的利润。计算公式有两种,EBIT=净利润+所得税+利息,或EBIT=经营利润+投资收益+营业外收入-营业外支出+以前年度损益调整。

EBITDA,全称Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization,即息税折旧摊销前利润,是扣除利息、所得税、折旧、摊销之前的利润。计算公式为EBITDA=净利润+所得税+利息+折旧+摊销,或EBITDA=EBIT+折旧+摊销。

EBIT主要用来衡量企业主营业务的盈利能力,EBITDA则主要用于衡量企业主营业务产生现金流的能力。他们都反映企业现金的流动情况,是资本市场上投资者比较重视的两个指标,通过在计算利润时剔除掉一些因素,可以使利润的计算口径更方便投资者使用。

EBIT通过剔除所得税和利息,可以使投资者评价项目时不用考虑项目适用的所得税率和融资成本,这样方便投资者将项目放在不同的资本结构中进行考察。EBIT与净利润的主要区别就在于剔除了资本结构和所得税政策的影响。如此,同一行业中的不同企业之间,无论所在地的所得税率有多大差异,或是资本结构有多大的差异,都能够拿出EBIT这类指标来更为准确的比较盈利能力。而同一企业在分析不同时期盈利能力变化时,使用EBIT也较净利润更具可比性。

EBITDA剔除摊销和折旧,则是因为摊销中包含的是以前会计期间取得无形资产时支付的成本,而并非投资人更关注的当期的现金支出。而折旧本身是对过去资本支出的间接度量,将折旧从利润计算中剔除后,投资者能更方便的关注对于未来资本支出的估计,而非过去的沉没成本。

20世纪80年代,伴随着杠杆收购的浪潮,EBITDA第一次被资本市场上的投资者们广泛使用。但当时投资者更多的将它视为评价一个公司偿债能力的指标。随着时间的推移,EBITDA开始被实业界广泛接受,因为它非常适合用来评价一些前期资本支出巨大,而且需要在一个很长的期间内对前期投入进行摊销的行业,比如核电行业、酒店业、物业出租业等。如今,越来越多的上市公司、分析师和市场评论家们推荐投资者使用EBITDA进行分析。

EBITDA也经常被拿来与企业现金流进行比较,因为它对净利润加入了两个对现金没有任何影响的主要费用科目――折旧和摊销,然而由于并没有考虑补充营运资金以及重置设备的现金需求,并不能就此简单的将EBITDA与现金流对等。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#81
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

增值,升值 Appreciation, Accretion

定义:
资产价值上升:
一种物品价值的升高。
在浮动汇率制度下,一个国家的货币对另一个外国货币的价值增加。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#82
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

交割日 Value Date

定义:
1)买入或卖出外汇时,应该交付通货的日期。例如卖出外汇者应交付卖出的外国货币,而买入外汇者,则应交付本国货币。至于合格的交割日(eligible value date),必须在当日为交割货币发行国家的营业日,而不论交易双方是否假日。通常交割日可分为:现汇交割日(spot value date),指成交日(transaction date)后两个营业日,例如1987年10月4日(星期日)成交,则现汇交割日为10月6日(星期二)。期汇交割日(forward value date),通常是从现汇交割日起算,加上历月的月数,若恰好碰上假日则顺延,但若因此延至次历年,则改向前推。承上例,则一个月期汇交割日为11月6日(星期五),两个月期汇交割日为12月7日(星期一)。

2)指存户存入存款帐户的票据,经收妥票款而可以开始动用的日期。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#83
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

转亏为盈、市道转好 Turnaround

定义:
指一家公司、一个市场或经济体系在经济不景气后环境好转。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#84
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

格林斯潘对策 Greenspan Put


定义:
指美国联邦储备局主席针对防止市场大幅持续下跌而采取的行动。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#85
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

兀鹫投资者 Vulture Capitalist

定义:
1. 行业俚语,指剥夺发明人对其发明,以及来自该项发明的大部分收入的控制权的创业基金。

2. 投资于经济困难的公司,期望会转亏为盈的[[创业投资者]]。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#86
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

加速折旧法, 加快折旧法 Accelerated Depreciation Method

定义:
一种折旧原则,指任何基于会计或税务原因,促使一项资产在较早期以较大金额折旧。

解释:
是指按税法规定对缴纳所得税的纳税人,准予采取缩短折旧年限、提高折旧率的办法,加快折旧速度,减少应纳税所得额的一种税收优惠措施。
是目前各国普遍采用的一种税收优惠政策,是所得税制不可缺少的重要组成部分。

其他折旧法:
直线折旧法(straight line method): 平均地折旧资产。
双倍递减余额折旧法(double declining balance method):就与加速折旧法类同,可让你在第一年折减较大金额。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#87
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

阿尔法系数, α系数 Alpha(α) Coefficient

定义:
α系数是一投资或基金的绝对回报(Absolute Return) 和按照 β 系数计算的预期回报之间的差额。 绝对回报(Absolute Return)或额外回报(Excess Return)是基金/投资的实际回报减去无风险投资收益(在中国为 1 年期银行定期存款回报)。绝对回报是用来测量一投资者或基金经理的投资技术。 预期回报(Expected Return)贝塔系数 β 和市场回报的乘积,反映投资或基金由于市场整体变动而获得的回报(有关预期回报更多的计算请参?资本资产定价模型 Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) )。

一句话,平均实际回报和平均预期回报的差额即 α 系数。

计算方法:



简单理解:
α>0,表示一基金或股票的价格可能被低估,建议买入。亦即表示该基金或股票以投资技术获得平均比预期回报大的实际回报。
α<0,表示一基金或股票的价格可能被高估,建议卖空。亦即表示该基金或股票以投资技术获得平均比预期回报小的实际回报。
α=0,表示一基金或股票的价格准确反映其内在价值,未被高估也未被低估。亦即表示该基金或股票以投资技术获得平均与预期回报相等的实际回报。

例子:
假设有一投资组合,通过对其的风险水平分析,资本资产定价模型预测其每年回报率为14%。但是该投资组合的实际汇报率为每年19%。此时,这个投资组合的α系数为5%(19%-14%),即表示该组合的实际回报率超过由资本资产定价模型预测的回报率5个百分点。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#88
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

蓝筹股, 上选股票 Blue Chip

定义:
1、 由知名、财务稳健、证实不论市场好坏都有能力支付股息的公司发行的证券。
2、 又称阿尔法股票(alpha stocks),是指资本雄厚,业绩稳定,服务声誉卓著,信誉良好且管理制度健全的公司所发行的股票。

解释:
由于蓝筹码在扑克牌赌局中所代表的数值最高,所以有此种称呼。蓝筹股通常可获取优厚且稳定的股利(Dividend),为一般投资大众所热衷投资的股票。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#89
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

市盈率, 本益比, 价盈比, 价格收益比例 Price-Earning Ratio, P/E Ratio, PE Ratio, Multiple

定义:
估值比率,指公司当时股价与每股盈利的比率。

计算方法:

每股市价 Price per share
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
每股盈利 Earnings per share

每股盈利一般根据过去四个季度的盈利计算(现行市盈率),但有时也根据未来四个季度的盈利预测计算(预测市盈率)。第三个方法是将上两个季度的实际盈利加上未来两个季度的预测盈利,根据这个总和计算市盈率。

解释:
投资人对每一块钱的税后盈余愿意出多少钱来购买。就公司的观点而言,此一比率表示公司对股东权益市价的权利能力。 在投资分析时,市盈率和每股盈余都相当重要,由于市盈率乘以每股盈余可以得到股票价格,于是常利用这一个关系求得股票应有的价格,股票价格经常反映出投资人对公司未来预期的盈余。通常市盈率数值愈低愈具有投资价值,至于数值应该多少适合买进,并没有一定的理论,一般较有经验的投资人在10~15之间买卖。但是在实际进行投资时,仍须考虑其他影响股价和盈余的客观因素。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#90
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

股价与账面价值比率 Price To Book Ratio

定义:
股票市场价值与账面价值的比率。

计算方法:
股票当时收盘价格
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
最近一个季度的账面价值

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#91
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

软着陆 Soft Landing

定义:
指经济增长能够防止衰退但不足以引发高通胀。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#92
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

追回利益、市场回落 Clawback

定义:
1. 在特殊情况下追回以往给与的金钱或利益。
2. 总体市场或股价回落。

lavenderdale : 2007-10-11#93
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

货运常用语中英文对照
货物 goods | | freight | | cargo
  运输 transportation | | transit | | conveyance

  运送 to transport | | to carry | | to convey

  运输业 transportation business | | forwarding business | | carrying trade

  运输代理人 a forwarding agent

  承运人 a freight agent | | a carrier

  船务代理人 a shipping agent

  陆上运输 transportation by land

  海上运输 transportation by sea

  货物运输 goods traffic | | freight traffic | | carriage of freights | | carriage of goods

  货轮 cargo boat | | freighter | | cargo steamer | | cargo carrier

  火车 goods-train | | freight-train

  卡车 goods-van | | goods wagon | | freight car | | truck

  货运办公室 goods-office | | freight-department

  运费率 freight | | freight rates | | goods rate

  运费 carriage charges | | shipping expenses | | express charges

  车费 cartage | | portage

  运费预付 carriage prepaid | | carriage paid

  运费到付 carriage forward | | freight collect

  运费免除||免费 carriage free

  协定运费 conference freight | | freight rate

  运费清单 freight account

  托运单 way-bill | | invoice

  运送契约 contract for carriage

  装运 shipment | | loading

  装上货轮 to ship | | to load | | to take on a ship

  装运费 shipping charges | | shipping commission

  装运单||载货单 shipping invoice

  装运单据 shipping documents

  大副收据 mate's receipt

  装船单 shipping order

  提货单 delivery order

  装船通知 shipping advice

  包裹收据 parcel receipt

  准装货单 shipping permit

  租船契约 charter party

  租船人 charterer

  程租船||航次租赁 voyage charter

  期租船 time charter

  允许装卸时间 lay days | | laying days

  工作日 working days

  连续天数 running days | | consecutive days

  滞期费 demurrage

  滞期日数 demurrage days

  速遣费 despatch money

  空舱费 dead freight

  退关 short shipment | | goods short shipped | | goods shut out | | shut-outs

  赔偿保证书(信托收据) letter of indemnity | | trust receipt

  装载 loading

  卸货 unloading | | discharging | | landing

  装运重量 shipping weight | | in-take-weight

  卸货重量 landing weight

  压舱 ballasting

  压舱货 in ballast

  舱单 manifest

  船泊登记证书 ship's certificate of registry

  航海日记 ship's log

  船员名册 muster-roll

  (船员,乘客)健康证明 bill of health

  光票 clean bill

  不清洁提单 foul bill

  有疑问提单 suspected bill

liyuying : 2007-10-17#94
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Thanks

星星的新家 : 2008-02-21#95
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

好帖子,不能沉下去,顶起来!lz这么用心,加纷纷支持!

susuma : 2008-03-04#96
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

此贴真是好贴,顶

byw65 : 2008-04-19#97
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

顶。这么好的帖子。

surprise00 : 2008-04-21#98
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

太有用了

tony1969 : 2008-04-21#99
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

xxi

zjprc : 2008-04-21#100
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

辛苦了,谢谢!

比尔李 : 2008-06-24#101
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

thanks,this is very good!

yueliangdragon : 2008-07-03#102
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

顶!非常感谢!

pleasures : 2008-08-20#103
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

建议去买本 《立信会计专业英语》都含概了会计的方方面面,本人看过,从Financial statement,income statement,到cost control,很多,对应有财务表格。逐项解析!

这个信息不错,回头找找买一本

pleasures : 2008-08-20#104
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

请问楼主有电子版吗?多谢

guk : 2008-08-20#105
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

好贴阿!
谢谢LZ!

yuxia727 : 2008-09-26#106
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

这么多的名词术语,吓得我都不敢去学会计了。嘿嘿!

开心果^_^ : 2008-10-29#107
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

太好啦,这是我想要学的东西。谢谢

abci : 2008-10-29#108
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Linda's way of learning keeps failure away.

yueliangdragon : 2008-11-27#109
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

顶!

jenny02 : 2008-12-13#110
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

thanks

laner : 2008-12-15#111
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

楼主好样的,支持。

pennpenn : 2008-12-25#112
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

楼主有电子版可以让我们下载吗?谢谢!
加SW

悠游_sunny : 2009-01-04#113
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

感谢楼主!!
有没有关于“加拿大会计准则”的中英对照?谢谢
先加声望

appleSZ : 2009-01-04#114
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

真可惜今天才看到,要不早加分了。
读到8楼。

悠游_sunny : 2009-01-05#115
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

感谢楼主!!
有没有关于“加拿大会计准则”的中英对照?谢谢
先加声望

harryluo : 2009-02-20#116
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

中英文资产负债表和现金流量表可否告之。

sherryzhang : 2009-03-19#117
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

太棒了,谢谢
:wdb17:

tinyhuhu : 2009-04-15#118
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

很实用的经济类词汇。感谢了。

岁月极美 : 2009-04-20#119
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏


yueliangdragon : 2009-04-20#120
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

非常感谢!

yueliangdragon : 2009-04-21#121
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

thanks!

samaomao : 2009-04-22#122
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

加拿大会计准则与国际会计准则比较

目前,国际财务报告准则(IFRS)作为上市公司首要的财务报告框架已经在90多个国家得到应用。从今年1月1日起,所有在欧盟、澳大利亚和俄罗斯上市的公司都被要求按照IFRS的规定来准备财务报表。虽然欧洲、亚洲以及澳洲的大部分地区对IFRS都已经比较了解,然而北美地区却对其知之甚少。

  为了便于向采用IFRS的国家提供财务报告或审阅来自采用IFRS的国家的子公司财务报告,有母、子公司在这些国家上市的加拿大公司不得不开始学习 IFRS.同时,国际间越来越多的分析师也希望对加拿大公司的财务数据和采用IFRS的公司财务数据进行比较。在国际会计准则委员会(IASB)和美国会计准则委员会(FASB)的共同努力下,国际会计准则的趋同的脚步越来越紧密,加拿大准则也将继续向IFRS靠拢。

  IFRS这套严格的会计准则已经被许多跨国公司采用。在全世界范围内,一些主要的证券监管机构也准备将其作为法定的报告准则。

  那么,IFRS和加拿大准则之间的区别是怎样的呢?对于了解加拿大准则的人来说,IFRS乍一看上去挺眼熟的。因为IFRS的结构与加拿大准则很相似,都是把主要的准则用粗体加上下划线的段落来列示,更多的细节描述则用普通字体,而其具体描述的程度也和加拿大准则类似。IFRS的准则解释由国际财务报告解释委员会发布。

  制定的流程方面,IFRS和加拿大准则也有相似之处,包括由IASB公开发布准则的审议,以草案的形式征求公众意见并举行一些公开听证会或类似的会议,最后进行投票,如果多数委员会赞成该准则将被采用。

  在使用的概念上,IFRS和加拿大准则也有雷同。其实这也没什么值得惊讶的,因为IASB基础框架的开发也有加拿大人的参与。在加拿大,关注IFRS的主要是报表的使用者―特别是投资者。IASB的基础框架是由资产、负债、收入和费用等概念构建的,而加拿大财务报告的概念也是相同的,资产和负债都需要在资产负债表里予以确认。

  早在1973年,IASB的前身IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee)成立之初,加拿大人就参与了国际准则的开发。1998 年,IFRS的重要性得到了加拿大会计准则委员会(Accounting Standards Board -AcSB)的认可,AcSB接受了国际会计准则趋同的战略,包括与FASB,IASB和其他国家准则制定机构一起构建一套统一的全球性的高标准的会计准则。从2001起, AcSB与IASB达成一项正式合作计划。作为一项职责,AcSB将制定时间表并推广与IASB以及其他合作者之间的会计趋同。FASB和其他六个国家的准则制定机构也签署了类似的合作计划。

  下文对有关准则的差异和共同点做出了比较。总结的内容全面性不强,并未涵盖所有的准则内容,有关细节的差异请参见具体准则内容。不过,该比较列示出了IFRS与加准则之间的显著区别。

  一、IFRS与加拿大准则的相似之处:

  很多IFRS都与加拿大准则相似,它们主要包括以下这些方面:

  1. 一般公认会计准则的构成[1100];

  2.会计政策的披露[1505];

  3.会计政策的变更[1506];

  4.主要财务报告内容的列示-资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表和权益变更表 [1400, 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 3000, 3010, 3020, 3030, 3040, 3210, 3240, 3250, 3260];

  5.公司合并,子公司,权益法和商誉的计量[1581, 1590, 3050, 3062];

  6.外币的转换[1650];

  7.中期报告[1751];

  8.不良贷款 [3025];

  9.财产,工厂和设备 (除了IFRS允许已再评估值入账)[3061];

  10. 租赁 [3065];

  11.资产到期债务-确认和初始计量[3110];

  12.研发费用[3450];

  13.员工远期收益[3461];

  14.所得税[3465];

  15.报废和经营终止[3475];

  16.每股盈利[3500];

  17.政府资助[3800];

  18.期后事项[3820];

  19.关联方交易的披露[3840];

  20.金融工具的确认、计量、披露和报告,包括套期交易[3855, 3860, 3865]

  21.股票期权[3870].

  二、某些比IFRS先行一步的加拿大准则

  加拿大准则比IFRS先进的某些领域:

  1.差异性报告[1300]:IASB正在进行有关中小企业会计的项目。

  2.合并的技巧[1600]: IFRS中没有详细介绍如何稀释收益,但正在进行一项国际项目以期对其进行修补。

  3.全面再评估[1625]:目前 IFRS中没有相应的要求。

  4.资产到期债务的再计量[3110]- IASB正在对IAS 37进行改进,改进后将增强一致性

  5.投资税退税[3805]-IFRS没有做更多的介绍。

  6.非货币性交易[3830]-IFRS介绍的范围比较窄。

  7.关联方交易的计量[3840]-IFRS中没有相应的条款。

  8.经济依赖性[3841] -IFRS中没有相应的介绍。

  9.以未来为导向的财务信息[4250] - IFRS中没有相应的介绍。

  10.非盈利组织[4400]- IFRS没有准备开发非盈利组织会计准则。

  11.借贷费用( AcG-4)- IFRS没有做更多的介绍。

  12.管理报表 (AcG-7)- IFRS中没有相应的介绍。

  13.石油和天然气行业会计-完全成本法(AcG-16)- 针对炼油行业, IFRS 的准则规定非常有限也没有强调完全成本法。一项正在进行有关炼油行业的国际性项目将会制定出一项新的准则,并很有可能取代加拿大准则的 AcG-16.

  三、一些比加拿大准则先进的IFRS

  IFRS比加拿大准则先进的某些领域:

  1.持续经营假设[IAS 1]- IFRS对持续经营假设准则的介绍最为全面,而加拿大准则对此正在改进中;

  2.收入确认[IAS 11 & 18]- 相对于加拿大准则,IFRS更明确具体。但IASB 和 FASB正准备对此课题进行研究,AcSB将会遵循研究后的方案;

  3.借款费用[IAS 23]- IFRS对何种借款费用可以予以资本化加以了界定;

  4. 高通胀经济环境下的财务报告[IAS 29]- IFRS的准则更为全面;

  5.财务风险的披露[IAS 30]-IFRS目前对银行业的财务风险披露作出了规定,而且正准备对准则进行修订并将其扩展到其他行业;

  6.预提准备[IAS 37]-IFRS对应在何时对时效和金额不确定的负债予以确认和计量作出了规定;而加拿大准则没有相应的规定;

  7.无形资产[IAS 38]- IFRS的准则更为全面;

  8.投资性财产[IAS 40]-IFRS对在何种情况下,作为投资性质持有的资产可以进行再评估作出了规定。加拿大的公司只能依据有关3061号条款的成本模型的规定;

  9.农业[IAS 41]-IFRS要求生物类资产在成长时以公允价值进行计量。加拿大准则对此没有相应的准则。

  四、IFRS与加拿大准则的区别之处

  在一些领域,IFRS和加拿大准则都作出了对规定但结论截然不同,或是涉及的深度有所区别:

  1.加拿大准则中没有有关破坏真实和公允方面的规定[1400];

  2.分部的披露[1701]-基本方法不同,一项趋同项目正在开发当中;

  3.合资企业/按比例合并[3055]- IFRS允许采用比例法和权益法两种方法,而加拿大准则只允许采用比例法;

  4.减值测试[3062/3063]-减值模型不同;

  5.特殊项目[3480]-IFRS不允许特殊项目;

  6.保险[4210/AcG-3/AcG-8/AcG-9]-目前IFRS准则所包含的要求很有限。一项国际性的保险准则项目将制定出新的准则以取代现行的IFRS和加拿大准则;

  7.应收款的转移[AcG-12] -IFRS采用一种不同的模型,比加拿大准则涵盖的范围更广;

  8.不同利益实体-[AcG-15]IFRS没有对不同利益实体作详细的说明,主要依照合并的一般规定。一项有关合并准则的国际性研究项目正在进行中;

  9.投资公司[AcG-18] -IFRS没有特别制定有关由投资公司母公司或权益投资者对投资公司进行的投资的会计计量。

  (注:以上比较以截止到1月31日发布的准则为基础。在一、二、四大类的比较中,括号内的参考号码是加拿大会计准则的条款号;第三类比较中括号里引用的是国际会计准则的准则号。)

小猪快跑 : 2009-05-06#123
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

好贴, 但是我不会加声望,怎莫加?

ran25 : 2009-05-07#124
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

顶,很有用.

OAKVILLE08 : 2009-05-08#125
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

真是热心的楼主。

十二少 : 2009-07-20#126
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

Thanks a lot. Just something I need.

kewilson : 2009-07-22#127
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

顶!谢谢:)

canada317 : 2010-02-06#128
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

非常有用,顶起来,谢谢LZ

sissiba : 2010-08-10#129
回复: Linda 会计与金融英语专栏

hao yin a