回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘.
[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中国人喜欢说"嘴甜",但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯.

05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁.
[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子.后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为"为了某种目的 而讨好某人",它与汉语的"拍马屁"含义一样.在美国英语中,"拍马屁"还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的 学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师.

06.你听说了吗迈克把他的女朋友给甩了.
[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend. 注:break up with sb. 虽然表示"与某人分手了",但并没说明是谁先提出来的.而 dump 的原意指"倾倒垃圾",用在这里则 表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国.
[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country. [正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. 注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同.在英语中我们一般遵循"靠近原则",即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后.原文中最 能说明"国家"本质的定语是"社会主义的",所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词.

08.我想要一点白酒.
[误] I'd like a little bit of white wine.
[正] I'd like a little bit of liquor. 注:汉语的"酒"可指任何酒,包括白酒,葡萄酒,啤酒,甚至米酒;但英语中则要分别用 liquor,wine,beer及 rice wine表示. 所以要注意,英语的wine与汉语的"酒"是有区别的,它仅指点葡萄酒.而且 red wine 是红葡萄酒,white wine 是白葡萄酒.

09.中华人民共和国主席
[误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China
[正] President of the People's Republic of China 注:以前,我们一直将"主席"翻译为 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席).其实"主席"与 chairman 并不等义,chairman 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的"主席".这就是 为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词,并沿用至今.另外,国内仍有不少词典把"班/级长 (学校的)"译为"class monitor",这是"四人帮"时代的产物,那时的"班长"是专司监管学生的,所以译作"monitor".而"班 长"的正确译文应该是"class president".

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

10.转战南北
[误] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south
注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别.中国人习惯于先"东西"后"南北",而且在涉及"南北"时,习惯于先 说"南",再说"北",如:"南征北战","南来北往"等.而英美人与此正好相反,如"江苏在中国的东南部"英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而"新疆在中国的西北部"应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China.

11.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候.
[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
注:"这山望着那山高"是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通.

12.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾.
[误] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.
[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.
注:make one's blood boil 是指"激怒某人",而非"使人激动".英语中"使人激动"的说法除了 make one excited,还有较为 口语化的 make one's spine tingle.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

13.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事.
[误] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
[正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort. 注:原文中的"听"不能用 listen to 来表示,因为 listen to 指"听"的动作,而原文中的"别听"不是不让他"听",而是劝告他"不 要听信",因此,用 not be fooled by 才更达意.
14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋.
[误] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.
[正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.
注:affair 本身就指"私通"或"暧昧关系",当然是"婚外"的事,所以 outside one's own marriage 无疑是多此一举了.英语中"有婚外恋"的地道说法应该是 lead a double life.

15.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠.
[误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eye at home. 注:中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,"掌上明珠"与 the apple of one's eye 就是一个很好的例子.这种情况我们一般 应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者.the apple of one's eye 源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用 apple 指人的瞳孔.尽管瞳孔现在已经用 pupil 来表示,不再是 apple 了,但这一用法却 延续了下来.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

16.都十点钟了.起床了,懒虫!
[误] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
[正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
注:"懒虫"并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了.英语里与之对应的说法是 lazy bones(懒骨头).注意,这里 的 bone 应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!

17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋.
[误] My only capital is diligence.
[正] My only means to success is diligence.
注:原文的"资本"是借喻,实际指"可以依靠并取得成功的手段".而英语的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思.所以,这里的"资本"不能与 capital 画等号.也有人用 advantage 来翻译"资本",虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解.

18.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞.
[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation.
注:英语的 resting-place 虽然有"休息处"的意思,但更经常的是用来指"坟墓",即"最后安息之处".因此,把公共场所的"休 息处"译为 resting-place 不很合适.也有人将它译为 rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的 rest-room 是"厕所"的委婉 说法,而"休息处"不是这个意思.

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19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍.
[误] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.
[正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.
注:doubt 作"怀疑"讲,是"不相信"的意思;而 suspect 作"怀疑"讲,是指"对...有所察觉".第一句译文犯了两个错误:首 先,doubt 不能接 that 从句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是"大家对汤姆是间谍这件 事表示怀疑",即"大家不相信汤姆是间谍",与原文的意思恰好相反.
20. 我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃.
[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
注:第一句只表明"他常到我这儿来白吃白喝",但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来.而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋 友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还.
21. 这个教授教得很烂.
[误] The professor teaches badly.
[正] The professor is so terrible.
注:有人认为第二句的意思是"这个教授很可怕",其实不然.英语中 terible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体"不舒 服"; The food is terrible 则是说食物"难吃极了".而第一句纯属中文式的表达.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿.
[误] I hope that you won't pull my leg.
[正] I hope that you won't hold me back.
注pull one's leg 是"愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑"的意思,相当于 make fun of sb..英语中与"拖后腿"相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等.
23. 学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦.
[误] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.
[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.
注:find my trouble 是"发现我的难处"的意思,而英语中"找某人的麻烦"用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示"挑剔某人,找某人 的碴",而且还包含 tease(取笑,戏弄)或 bully(威胁,欺侮)的意思.
24. 原来如此.一经你解释我就明白了.
[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
[正] So that's how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
注:So it is 的意思是"的确如此",它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的.例如: A: It is a fine day today! B: So it is. 而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

25. 先生,您是不是迷路了
[误] Hello, monsieur, get lost
[正] Hello, monsieur, got lost
注:这两句译文表面上看只是时态上存在差异,其实它们的含义也截然不同.get lost 是俚语:"走开,别捣乱"的意思,got lost才是"迷路".难怪当你友好地问外宾 "Get lost "时,他并不领情呢! Please see:

26. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情.
[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.
[正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.
注:shameful 通常指某事物是"可耻的,丢脸的",而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人"不知羞耻的,不要脸的"或"伤风败俗的".原文也可译为:It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

27. 东施效颦.
[误] Doingshi imitates Xishi.
[正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.
注:把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解.要想让外国人明白这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工 了.同样,"情人眼里出西施"不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

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28. 你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学.这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟!
[误] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!
[正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!
注:汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理.illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的.
29. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能.
[误] I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.
[正] I'm afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.
注:impossible 表示"完全不可能",所以与原文有出入.在英语中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely.而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth..
30. 一群蚂蚁
[误] a group of ants
[正] a colony of ants
注:表示群体时,group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群体.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes

31. 最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿.
[误] The latest census shows that China's population has surpassed 1.2 billion. [正] The latest census shows that China's population exceeds 1.2 billion. 注:surpass 和 exceed 译成中文虽然都是"超过,胜过"的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者.
32. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫.
[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug. [正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter. 注:"网虫"要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug("千年虫"病毒).所以,英语中 与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle.在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation.nethead 和"网虫"的意思差不多,它表示"网痴,网迷"; 而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的.还有一个时 髦的词是 netsurfer,即"网上冲浪者".

33. 每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法.
[误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
[正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn. 注wl 是"猫头鹰"的意思,即一种深夜不睡,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物.英语中用 night owl 来比喻经 常熬夜的人,就像我们习惯用"夜猫子"一样.不论叫你"夜猫子"还是 a night owl,"开夜车"(burn the midnight oil)总是免 不了的.

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34. 现如今,由于出国深造的人越来越多,"海龟(归)派"也不像原来那样吃香了.
[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.
[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.
注:"海龟(归)派"是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人,是个非常形象的新名词.但 overseas student 是指正在国外学习 的"留学生",意思正好相反,所以要换成 returnee.这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思.
35. 在皎洁的月光下,那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话.
[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky. [正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.
注: 因为"情书"是 love letter,"情歌"是 love song,所以不少人以为"情话"就应该是 love words,其实并非如此.英语 中"情话"常用 lovers'prattle 或 sweet nothings 来表达.prattle 有"孩子话,废话"的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指"恋人之 间孩子气的废话";sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有"甜蜜而不中用"的意思.
36. 比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂.
[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work. [正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.
注: crazy 虽然可以作"疯狂的,狂热的"讲,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是"热衷于...,对...着迷";be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示"渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)".可见,它们都与"工作狂"有一定区别.而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic (嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作.现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀,表示"对...上瘾, 嗜好...成癖",并构成了许多新词.例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等.

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37. 给这们女士来杯威士忌,记在我的账上.
[误] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.
[正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.
注: 我们可以说 Could we have the bill, please (请给我们账单好吗 )或 pay the bill(埋单),但"记在某某的账 上"却不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示.tab 是"小纸片"的意思,因为过去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顾,赊 账时有发生,于是老板们通常把每个人的赊账情况记在各自的小纸片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遗忘.渐渐地,该词 组就成了一种习惯用法.

38. 哈罗得挥金如土,没有一点积蓄.
[误] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.
[正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.
注: 英国是一个岛国,离不开水;而我们中国的许多地区深处内陆,人们的生活离不开土地.所以,英语中有许多习语与"水"有 关,而汉语却常常拿"土"作比.这就是为什么同样是比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是 spend money like water,而汉语却 是"挥金如土".此外,英语中还有很多有关船和水的习语,例如:rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇),keep one's head above water(奋力图存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等.

39. 这只表的价钱很贵.
[误] The price of the watch is dear.
[正] The watch is dear. /The price of the watch is high.
注: 以物品为主语时用 dear 或 cheap,以定价为主语时就说 high 或 low.

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40. 昨天晚上我们玩得很愉快.
[误] We played very pleasantly last night.
[正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night.
注: 玩牌,打球,演戏之类就用 play,汉语这儿说的玩是指度过一个愉快的时候,最好译成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.

41. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒着大雨跑了出去.
[误] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.
[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain. 注: 汉语中的"大"可以修饰很多名词,如"大风","大浪","湿气大"等,但在英语里却不能一一对应.例如,"大雨"就不能译成 big rain,因为那会被人误以为是雨点大,而不是雨大.英美人形容雨大习惯用"重"(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云雾大),heavy moisture(潮气大)等,这也许是因为他们认为有些事物用重量来衡量比用体积更好吧.

42. 歌迷们冲进演员休息室,抢着同凯莉.米纳合影.
[误] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
[正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
注: 伦敦西区的特鲁街剧院是英国最古老的剧院,据说为了让演员们长时间处于舞台强烈灯光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演 员休息室被漆成了绿色.后来,greenroom 就逐渐成了"(剧场)演员休息室"的代名词.而 rest room 可不是这个意义上 的"休息室",它其实是"厕所"的一种委婉说法.

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43. 我感到很痛.
[误] I am painful.
[正] I feel great pain.
注:"我感到高兴"是 I am happy,"我感到累了"是 I'm tired,但"我感到很痛"却不是 I am painful.因为 painful 表示"使 人痛苦的,让人疼痛或讨厌的",它的主语往往不是人,而是事物或人体的某个部位,如:The foot is painful(脚痛),The lessons are painful(教训是惨痛的)等.所以没有 I am painful 这个说法,如果你非要这样说,别人会以为你全身带电或浑 身长刺,别人碰了你就会疼,是你让别人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦.

44. 亚洲四小龙.
[误] the Four Little Dragons of Asia
[正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia
注: 在我国古代传说中,龙是降雨和惩治妖魔鬼怪的神奇动物,是吉祥和力挽狂澜的象征.很多汉语成语与"龙"有关,如"龙飞 凤舞","龙凤呈祥","藏龙卧虎"等,而且多为褒义词.但如果把"四小龙"直译成英文却不行,因为西方人对"龙"的联想和看法与 中国人完全不同."龙"(dragon)在西方是贬义词,是邪恶的免征,西方人不会理解为什么要把亚洲经济的四个强国说成"四个小 魔鬼",所以要用 tiger 进行替换.在西方人眼里,tiger "是朝气蓬勃,坚忍不拔,努力奋斗,充满希望"的免征,所以用 tiger 才能准确表达原文的意思.

45. 百里挑一.
[误] one in a hundred
[正] one in a thousand
注: "百里挑一"常被用来形容"很特别,很出众"或"与众不同",one in a thousand 也有相同的含义.但值得注意的是,汉语 用"百",而英语则以十倍于百的 thousand 来夸张.同样,汉语的"十分感谢"或"万分感谢",英语则说 a thousand thanks (千分感谢)或 thanks a million times(百万次的感谢).可见,英语比汉语要夸张.这也许反映了两个民族不同的思维方 式:中国人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走极端,即使夸大其词也不太过火;而英美人追求标新立异和充分考虑表现自我,这在语言 中自然也有体现.

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46. 周末许多人睡得很晚.
[误] Many people sleep late at weekends.
[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
注: 第一句译文错在没弄懂 sleep 的真正含义.英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,它们分别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或 状态.sleep 是典型的持续动词,表示"在睡觉".而汉语的"睡"既可表示"上床睡觉"的短暂动作,如:我昨天11点才睡;也可以 表示"在睡觉"的持续动作和状态,如:他睡了整整10个小时.原文属于前一种情况,即表示"上床睡觉"的短暂动作,故应该使 用 go to bed.

47. 干杯!要一饮而尽.
[误] ---Cheers! Bottom up.
[正] ---Cheers! Bottoms up.
注: bottoms up 虽然只比 bottom up 多一个 s,但是两个词组的意思却相差十万八千里.bottoms up 里的 bottom 是 指"(酒杯的)底部",那么杯朝天就是"一饮而尽"的意思,而且因为干杯时肯定不止一人一饮而尽,所以要用复数;而 bottom up 表示"屁股朝天".

48. 这个任务很危险,但总得有人去冒险.
[误] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.
[正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to bell the cat.
注: adventure 指军事历险,探险旅行等惊险活动或投机活动.而 bell the cat 源自一个故事:一窝老鼠想在猫脖子上套一个铃铛,这样猫一来他们就会听到,并及时逃命.但主意虽好,却苦于没人去套这个铃铛(bell the cat).后来,bell the cat 被人们反复引用,表示"为大家的事去承担风险",并成了表示原文意思最贴切的英语习语.

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49. 一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂.
[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.
注: 汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序,因此,在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整,此处就是一个很好的例子.之 所以将新娘放在前面,也许是西方文化中"女士优先"的又一体现吧!又如:"衣食住行"译成英语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样,"左顾右盼"翻译成 look right and left.

50. 你去弄些水来.
[误] Go and bring some water.
[正] Go and fetch some water.
注: bring 虽然表示"带来",但它是让某人在来的时候将某物带来(但说话时人还没来);而 fetch 则是让身边的某人"去取某 物",它包括往返的两段路程.

51. 嘿,小伙子,千万别灰心.
[误] Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.
[正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
注: lose one's heart (to sb.) 是"心被...俘虏去,爱上..."的意思,而 lose heart 才表示"灰心丧气,丧失勇气或信心".

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52. IBM公司一直处在电脑行业的前沿.
[误] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.
[正] IBM is always at the cuttting edge of computer insustry.
注: front line 是"前线,第一线"的意思,常指最危险或最艰苦的地方.例如:Many doctors are in the front line of the fighting against SARS(许多医生战斗在抗击"非典"的第一线).at the cutting edge 最早出现在20世纪50年代,它最初 指"锐器的锋利部位",现在常隐喻"处在(高科技的)最前沿.

53. 一位有经验的教师曾经说,上课之前他觉得如临大敌,上课时他是如履薄冰,只有上完课后他才会如释重负.
[误] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on ice, and only after class would he feel relieved.
[正] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on eggs, and only after class would he feel relieved.
注: 中文的"如履薄冰"是比喻一个人"做事十分小心谨慎或战战兢兢",而英语的类似说法却是 walk on eggs 或 tread on eggs,要注意中英文喻体的不同.

54. 我有一个舒适的家.
[误] I have a cozy family.
[正] I have a cozy home.
注: family 和 home 虽然翻译成汉语时都是"家",但它们在英语中却不是同义词.family 主要指家庭成员;而 home 主要指 居住地,即"住宅".原文中用"舒适的"来修饰"家",显然是指"舒适的房子".如果原文是"我有一个和睦的家",就应该翻译成 I have a harmonious family 了.

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55. 每节课老是都会点名.
[误] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.
[正] The teacher will call the roll in every period of class.
注: 英语的"点名"是 call the roll,而 call one's name(s)的意思是"谩骂某人".rool 有"名册"的意思,又如:remove sb.'s name from the rool(把某人除名).

56. 我的学习很忙.
[误] My study is very busy.
[正] I am very busy with my study.
注:第一句译文完全套用汉语的结构和语序,却犯了英文的句法错误.因为在英语中,study(学习)是一个行为,并不懂得忙 不忙,感到忙的应是进行这一行为的人.所以,be busy with sth. 或 be busy (in) doing sth. 才是地道的英语表达.

57. 给他当二把手我看也值得.他太能干了.
[误] I feel it worth being a second hand to him. He is so capable.
[正] I feel it worth playing second fiddle to him. He is so capable.
注:英语的 second hand 作名词指"中间人","旧货"或"助手工人",而汉语的"二把手"是"副手",即"第二负责人"的意思,所 以二者不是一回事.play second fiddle 则源于管弦乐队中第一提琴手(first violin)不在的时候由第二提琴手负责,并被人 们引申为"当主要领导人的副手",也就是我们所说的"当第二把手".由此,不难猜出"当一把手"译成英语应该是 paly first fiddle了.

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58. 电车上十分拥挤,几乎没有立足之地. [误] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you. [正] The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you. 注:副词 hardly 和 scarcely 虽然都含有"几乎不"等否定含义,有些时候也可以互换,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我几乎认不出她来了),但仍有细微的差异.如在强调数量"不足"时只能用 scarcely,这时它常与 enough, sufficient等词连用.

59. 他被戴上了绿帽子. [误] He is made to wear a green hat. [正] He is a cuckold. 注:中文的"戴绿帽子"是指某人之妻与他人私通,但直译成英文西方人只会按字面意思理解为"某人头上被戴了顶绿色的帽子", 无论如何也不会理解汉语的喻义.而英语的 cuckold 是指"奸妇的丈夫"(a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man),所以用 be a cuckold 才能正确表达原文的意思.

60. 我在新闻片里看到你站在总裁的身旁. [误] I saw you stand by the president in the newsreel. [正] I saw you stand beside the president in the newsreel. 注:stand by someone 的意思是"支持某人"(to support someone);to stand beside someone 才是"立于某人旁 边"(to stand by the side of someone).但是,如果 stand by 后面的宾语不是人,那倒是可以与 stand beside 互换, 表示"在...之旁",例如:Their house stands by a forest(他们的房子在森林旁边).除此之外,stand by 还有"袖手旁 观"之意,例如:How can you stand by and watch while your allies are attacked (当你们的盟友受到攻击时,你们怎 能袖手旁观呢 )

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61. 那本书毫无价值可言.
[误] That book is invaluable.
[正] That book is valueless.
注:invaluable 和 valueless 一个是在形容词 valuable(有价值的)之前加上否定形容词前缀 in-;另一个是在名词 value (价值)的后面加上否定形容词 -less,但它们的意思却刚好相反.invaluable 是指"非常贵重的,无价的"(highly valuable, precious),其同义词是 priceless;valueless 的意思却是"毫无价值的",相当于 worthless.现将这两个词用在 同一个句子中,以便区别:The book that he considered valueless proved invaluable to us(他认为毫无价值的那本书 对我们来说却是无价之宝).

62. 房间里有一张床,两张桌子和五把椅子.
[误] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
[正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
注:there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数取决于离它最近的那个词.原文虽然一共列举了八件家具,但是根据英语的谓语就近原 则,one bed 决定了应该使用 is.

63. 我不想听他那些空话.
[误] I don't want to hear his empty words.
[正] I don't want to hear his hollow words.
注:虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有"空洞的"之意,但表达"空话"时,英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk.

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64. 他是我们的死敌.
[误] He is our dead enemy.
[正] He is our deadly enemy.
注:dead 作形容词时表示"死的,无感觉的",而 deadly 才表示"致命的,不共戴天的".

65. 奥斯本名义上是个医生,但他整天都呆在股票交易所里.
[误] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
注:by name 和 in name 虽然形似,但涵义却有区别.by name 相当于 by the name of,常放在专有名词之后,表示所说 的人或事物的确实名称.例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中国有个伟大的诗人,名叫屈 原).而 in name 是贬义词,表示"名义上的"或"徒有虚名".

66. 我们是不信上帝的.
[误] We do not believe God.
[正] We do not believe in God.
注:believe 和 believe in 虽然都有"相信"的意思,但表示"信仰"的时候只能用后者.

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67. 你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗
[误] Aren't you ashamed for doing such a thing
[正] Aren't you ashamed of doing such a thing
注:be ashamed for 一般是指"对他人的行为或外在事物感到羞耻",而 be ashamed of 则是"由于自己的所作所为而感到羞 耻".

68. 车祸发生在十字路口.
[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.
[正] The accident took place at a crossroads.
注:crossroad 是"交叉路,横马路"的意思,而 crossroads 才是"十字路"或"十字路口",它前面也可以用 a,但 -s 绝不能丢 掉.

69. 要学好英语,大量的练习是必要的.
[误] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.
[正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.
注:英语中非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的逻辑主语应该是"人",而句 子的主语却是 practice,两者不相一致,违背了英语习惯,所以必须将句子的主语改为 one,并做其它相应的调整.

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70. ---谢谢你带我们到办公室来. ---不用谢,这是我们应该做的.
[误] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office. ---Not at all, it's my duty.
[正] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office. ---Not at all, it's a pleasure. /I'm glad to be of help.
注:汉语的回答实际上是句客套话,如果把它直译为 It's my duty,就会让西方人误以为你并不想帮他,只是因为职责才不得 已而为之,这与汉语的愿意有很大出入.所以,恰当的回答应该是 I'm glad to be of help 或 It's a pleasure,其意思是"我 很乐意为您效劳".

71. 车来了.您先请.
[误] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
注:第一句译文虽然把"请"翻译出来了,但还是带有命令的口吻.地道的说法应该是 After you.另外,不少人以为汉语 的"请"等同于英语的 please,其实并非如此.例如,在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please,地道的说法是 Help yourself.

72. 布衣蔬食.
[误] cotton clothes and vegetables
[正] coarse clothes and simple fare
注:"布衣蔬食"是形容一个人生活俭朴,但直译成英文却会令人难以理解.因为现在的英,美等国,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉布衣服和青菜)已没有"生活俭朴"的任何联想了,它们早已成了富翁们的最爱,而且价格也比其他产品贵,没钱 人还享用不起呢!而第二句译文不仅忠实于原文,而且 fare 一词作"食物"讲还略带古色,恰好反映出了原文的风格.

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73. 你真是红光满面.
[误] Your face is all red.
[正] You are in ruddy health.
注:"红光满面"是说一个人身体很好,而 You face is all red 则指对方满脸通红,似乎"不好意思"或"牌窘境",皮肤过敏也未 可知,总之与原句不符.a ruddy complexion 虽然有"面色红润"的意思,但没能充分表达出汉语"身体健康,精力充沛"的意 思.当然,除了第二句译文,还可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 来表达.

74. 你该吃晚饭了.
[误] It's time to eat your dinner.
[正] It's time to have your dinner.
注:不是所有的"吃"字都能翻译为英语 eat 的,英语中有许多固定搭配,如:take one's medicines(吃药);lead an idle life(吃闲饭);be very popular(吃香);I had some meat for lunch(午餐我吃了些肉)等.eat:"进餐",在英国不 常用,但在美国却常见.例如: Eat your dinner. He ate his breakfast quickly, then ran up to his room again.

75. 我们一起跟着音乐跳舞吧!
[误] Let's dance with the music.
[正] Let's dance to the music.
注:英语一般说 dance with sb.,即"跟某人一起跳舞","音乐"是无生命的东西,怎么能跟它 dance 呢 这里正确的说法是用 介词 to.又如:sing to the piano 等.

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76. 他的病情好多了.
[误] His sick condition is much better.
[正] His condition is much better.
注:在英美人看来,sick 只是一种无意义的重复,因为去掉它以后意思一亲清楚,而且还更地道.我们甚至可以更简单地翻译 为 He is much better.


77. 经常给我写信.
[误] Write letters to me often.
[正] Write to me often.
注:中文动宾结构的宾语在翻译成英文时常常省略,因为这些英语动词本身已经包含了中文宾语的意思,不言自明,除非需要强 调,否则可以省略,不省略反而与英语习惯不符.上面的例句就是个很好的例子.又如:"你会唱歌吗"(Can you sing);"我 会付钱给你"(I'll pay you);"他花很多时间读书"(He spends a lot of time reading)等.


78. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛.
[误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.
[正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to the champion.
注:zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示"零",但 zero 多用于电话号码或邮政编码,而 nil 则特指比赛的比分.同样,0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil.

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79. 在一次具有历史意义的表决中,北京羸得了申办奥运会的机会.
[误] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
[正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
注:historic 表示"历史上著名的,有历史意义的",而 historical 则表示"有关历史的,历史学的".

80. 你读没读过菲尔丁的经典长篇小说《汤姆.琼斯》
[误] Have you ever read Fielding's classical novel Tom Jones
[正] Have you ever read Fielding's classic novel Tom Jones
注:classic 即可作形容词,表示"经典的,第一流的",又可作可数名词,表示"经典作品";而 classical 却是一个没有比较级和 最高级的形容词,常指"(建筑,文学,音乐等方面)古典的,传统的".

81. 未经允许,任何人不得入内.
[误] Anybody can not come in without permission.
[正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注:"任何......都不"是汉语中常用字的否定句式,而在英语中,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词是不能 用否定形式的.因此,any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯,须用"否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语"替换.但是,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,如果带有后置定语,那么其谓语也可以用否定形式.如:Anyone who does that isn't honest(干那种事的人都是不诚实的).

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82. 听到这个消息,没有一个人不感到兴奋.
[误] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
[正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
注:汉语中把主,谓语同时否定以表示肯定,但这不符合英语习惯,所以 nobody...not 的结构在英语中是不正确的.翻译这类 句子时,可像上面正确的译文那样,把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;也可用"there be + 否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句"来 表达,即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或者 There was nobody but felt excited.

83. 我是一个中国人.
[误] I am a Chinese.
[正] I am Chinese.
注:第一句译文是不地道的,正确的说法应该去掉不定冠词,或者说 I am a Chinese man.同样,He is an English 也没有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好.

84. 母狼为了保护幼崽同猎豹展开了殊死的搏斗.
[误] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
[正] The she wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
注:汉语一般用"公","母"或"雌","雄"来区分动物的性别,而英语中,有一部分动物是雌雄各有其名,例如:cock(公鸡)和 hen(母鸡),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部分则是用 male 和 female 加以区分,如:male leopard(公 豹),female panda(母熊猫)等;当然,也有例外的情况,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等.

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85. 使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二.
[误] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.
[正] To my joy, my son knows something about Italian.
注:有些英语词语在字面上同汉语十分相似,但实则貌合神离,如果不求甚解很容易出错.例如,know a thing or two 就不 表示"略知一二",而是"很有经验,精明强干"的意思.

86. 你希望什么时候成家呢
[误] When do you want to start a family
[正] When do you want to get married
注:中文的"成家"是"结婚"的意思,而英文 start a family 的含义却是"生第一个孩子",二者完全不是一回事.

87. 宁做鸡头,不做凤尾.
[误] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.
[正] Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.
注:每种语言中都有许多约定俗成的表达,没有什么道理好讲,但使用时则需遵照各自的语言习惯.中文是"鸡头"和"凤尾"比, 而英语中却要用"狗头"和"狮尾".

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88. 海伦就像一只骄傲的公鸡,从来不爱搭理别人.
[误] Helen is proud as a cock, and she never talks to others.
[正] Helen is proud as a peacock, and she never talks to others.
注:"孔雀"在中国人眼里是美丽和吉祥的象征,而公鸡因为常把头昂得高高地,尾巴翘到了天上,摆出一副盛气凌人的架子,因 此成了"骄傲"的化身.但西方文化不注重孔雀美丽的一面,认为它们很骄傲,所以英美人在形容一个人骄傲,狂妄和爱慕虚荣 时,就把他(她)比作 peacock.

89. 因为没有吃的,那个索马里的小男孩瘦得像猴子.
[误] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food.
[正] That Somali boy is as thin as a shadow because of the lack of food.
注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的联想,具有不同的内涵.所以,在一种语言中用这种事物作比喻,而在另一种语 言中很可能会有不同的表达.这样的例子中英文还有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(胆小如鼠),as strong as a horse (力大如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)等.


90. 索菲娅望子成龙心切,给儿子报名参加了许多补习班.
[误] Sophia hopes to see her son become a dragon, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
[正] Sophia hopes that her son will have a bright future, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
注:"龙"在中国人心目中象征着神圣和万能,但在西方人的印象中却是可怕的,《圣经》里就把"龙"描述成了罪恶的象征.所以 在翻译"望子成龙"时需要意译.

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91. 由于街道的扩建,道路两旁矮小的房屋全部被拆除了.
[误] The short and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
[正] The low and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
注:英语中,形容人或树等的高矮要用形容词 tall 和 short;但是指山峦,房屋或其它建筑物的高矮,我们通常用 high 和 low.

92. 爸爸总爱发脾气.
[误] Dad always likes losing his temper.
[正] Dad is apt to lose his temper.
注:like doing something 表示"喜欢干某事",一般用来说明某人的兴趣爱好;而 be apt to do sth.则表示"常常发生某种行 为"或"容易发生某种变化".根据原文的意思显然应该用后者.

93. 欧文按捺不住激动的心情,大声喊道:"我中奖了!"
[误] Owen couldn't hold back his exciting feeling, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"
[正] Owen couldn't hold back his excitement, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"
注:exciting feeling 这种搭配很不地道,虽然"振奋人心的消息"是 exciting news,"有趣的故事"是 interesting story, 但"激动的心情"却要用名词形式 excitement 来表达.

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94. 丹尼斯自己不努力,还老是眼红别人的成就.
[误] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always red-eyed of other people's achievements.
[正] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always green-eyed of other people's achievements.
注:中国人说一个人嫉妒用"眼红",但英美人则用"眼绿"来形容.英语的 green 除了表示颜色之外还有"嫉妒"的意思,又如:I was absolutely green (with envy) when I saw his splendid new car(我看到他那辆漂亮的新车非常眼红).其实,英 语中许多表示色彩的词汇都有特殊的含义,不能照字面去理解.再比如:He gave me a black look(他恶狠狠地蹬了我一 眼);She visits us once in a blue moon(她难得来看我们一次)等.

95. 夏天要多喝白开水.
[误] You should drink more white boiled water in summer.
[正] You should drink more plain boiled water in summer.
注:"白开水"不是指"水的颜色是白色",而是指"水中没有添加其他的东西".而 plain 正是指"没掺杂其他东西的,单纯的",所 以能确切表达原文的含义.

96. 对不起,我把课本忘在家里了.
[误] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home.
[正] Sorry, I left my textbook at home.
注:原文中的"忘"是指"落在家里"的意思,不能翻译成英文的 forget,而应用表示"把...留在某地,丢下,落下"等的意思的 leave.

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97. 中国足球队击败了日本队,从而取得了参加半决赛的资格.
[误] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the half-finals.
[正] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the semifinals.
注:semi- 是英语里的一个前缀,表示"半",例如:automatic 是"自动的",那么 semiautomatic 就表示"半自动的"; diameter 指"直径",那么 semi-diameter 就指"半径";monthly 指"月刊",那么 semi-monthly 就表示"半月刊".以上这 些都跟 semifinal(半决赛)一样,是约定俗成的.

98. 在自然灾害期间,绝大多数人都过着半饥半饱的生活.
[误] During the natural calamity, most people were half hungry, half full.
[正] During the natural calamity, most people were underfed.
注:under- 是一个英语前缀,表示"......不足的",如:underdeveloped(经济发展不充分的),underage(未到法定年龄 的)等.所以,underfeed 表示"未喂饱的,食物不足的".汉语中"半......半......"的结构可以翻译成 half...half...,例如: As for this matter, I am half-believing, half-doubting(对于这件事我是半信半疑的);This composition is half literary, half vernacular(这篇文章写得半文不白的).

99. 汉语是我们的母语.
[误] Chinese is our mother language.
[正] Chinese is our mother tongue.
注:tongue 除了指"舌头",还可以用来指"语言,方言",如 the Spanish tongue 并非指"西班牙舌头",而是指"西班牙语". 我们常说的有"语言天赋",英语里相应的表达是 the gift of tongues."母语"在英语中用 mother tongue 表达,还可以说 parent language 或 linguistic parent,但 mother language 的说法却是不地道的.

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100. 我爷爷是奔75的人了.
[误] My grandpa is running for seventy-five.
[正] My grandpa is getting on for seventy-five.
注:run for 有"竞赛,竞选"之意,如:run for Congress(竞选国会议员),run for the presidency(竞选总统)等.而 get on for 才表示"接近",它通常用进行时态,后面一般跟年龄或者时间,如:It's getting on for midnight(快到半夜了) 等. ***(1). push thirty[forty,etc.]已经快到三[四...]十岁了: She would like you to think so, but she's pushing thirty. You wouldn't think so to look at him, but he's pushing 40. (2). get on for[towards]快到(某时间),快(多少岁): It's getting on for nine o'clock. He must be getting on for forty now. Here you are getting on toward thirty. (3). 年龄的一些说法: 1) I'm twenty.(常用) 2) I'm twenty years old.(常用) 3) I'm twenty-year-old.(不常用) 4) I'm twenty years of age.(书面) 5) I'm aged twenty (years).(书面) 6) My age is twenty (years).(不常用) 7) I come into the age of twenty.(不常用) 8) I'm in my teens.(不常用) in one's early teens(不常用) 在十三四岁年纪 not yet out of one's teens(不常用) 还没有到20岁

101. 正如中国的一句俗话:"笨鸟先飞".
[误] As an old Chinese saying goes, "Stupid birds have to start flying early."
[正] As an old Chinese saying goes,"Clumsy birds have to start flying early."
注:"笨鸟先飞"常用来比喻那些能力差的人,因为做事怕落后,所以就提前行动.这里的"笨"并非 stupid(智力低下的,愚蠢 的)的意思,而用 clumsy(笨拙的,不灵巧的)更恰当.

102. 艾达把"发音"一词拼写错了,不过只是个笔误.
[误] Ida misspells the word "pronunciation", however, it is only a mistake of pen. [正] Ida misspells the word "pronunciation", however, it is only a slip of the pen.
注:与 mistake(错误,误会,过失)相比,slip 更侧重于由于不经意或疏忽而造成的错误,所以"口误"一般译为 a slip of the tongue,同样,"笔误"就翻译成 a slip of the pen.

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103. 我们将口头对这一问题做个表决.
[误] We shall take an oral vote on this problem.
[正] We shall take a voice vote on this problem.
注:voice 除了指"说话声,嗓音"之外,还有"(公开或正式表达出的)意见,愿望"的意思.voice vote 又叫"呼声表决",即参 加表决者叫喊"同意"或"不同意",按呼声响亮的一方决定.而 oral 则强调"以口头的方式",例如ral practice(口头练 习),oral examination(口试),oral report(口头汇报)等,但"口头表决"英语却没有 oral vote 之说,而习惯用 voice vote.

104. 内德有一条瘸腿.
[误] Ned has a lame leg.
[正] Ned is lame in one leg.
注:lame 作"瘸的,跛的,残废的"讲,一般用作表语,且其主语往往是人或动物,例如:go lame(变成瘸子),be lame in/或 of one leg(一条腿跛的).当 lame 用作定语时,它常表示"站不住脚的,有缺陷的",例如:a lame excuse(站不住 脚的借口),a lame imitation(低劣的仿制品).

105. 我舅舅的胃病又犯了.
[误] My uncle has got another attack of stomach disease.
[正] My uncle has got another attack of stomach trouble.
注:英语同汉语一样,也有很多约定俗成的表达法.同样是"病",心脏病可以说 heart disease,但胃病,肝病,眼病等就习惯 说成 stomach/liver/eye trouble

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106. 奥尼尔是首位进入决赛的种子选手.
[误] O'Neil is the first seed player to reach the final.
[正] O'Neil is the first seed to reach the final.
注:seed 的愿意是"种子,萌芽",后被引申为"种子选手",所以这时不必再加 player.类似的词还有"植物 人"(vegetable),它被翻译成英语时"人"字也不必译出.

107. 因为玛吉请了三天病假,所以她必须把落下的课补上.
[误] Since Maggie asked for a sick leave of three days,she should make up for her lost lessons.
[正] Since Maggie asked for a sick leave of three days,she should make up her lost lessons.
注:同样表示"弥补,补偿,补足",make up 后面一般接具体的名词,如:make up a missed lesson(补课),a makeup examination(补考)等;而 make up for 后面的名词通常比较抽象,如:make up for the lost time(弥补时间上的 损失),make up for one's defects(补其所短)等.

108. 对不起,因为交通繁忙,我迟到了20分钟.
[误] Excuse me, I am twenty minutes late because of the busy traffic.
[正] Excuse me, I am twenty minutes late because of the heavy traffic. 注:busy 的确可以作"繁忙"讲,如:the busy farming season(农忙季节),a busy day(繁忙的一天)等,但"交通繁 忙"却是约定俗成的说法,要用 heavy 形容 traffic,而不是 busy.在大城市,交通一般都比较繁忙,尤其在 rush hours(上 下班的高峰期),常常会出现 traffic jam(交通阻塞).如果要表达"街上车辆很少",可以说 There is little traffic on the roads.

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109. 在很久以前,这里曾经有座宫殿.
[误] There used to be a palace here before long.
[正] There used to be a palace here long before.
注:不要想当然地以为 before long 是指"在很久以前",恰恰相反,它的意思是"不久以后",例如:Harry Porter will be published before long(《哈利.波特》不久就要出版了).而 long before 才相当于 long,long ago,表示"在很久很久以 前".

110. 你真是不要脸,居然干出这种事.
[误] You are so faceless that you should have done such a thing.
[正] You are so shameless that you should have done such a thing.
注:虽然 -less 主要附在名词或动词后面构成否定形容词,表示"没有,无,不",如:fearless(无畏的),careless(不小心 的),doubtless(无疑的)等,但 faceless 的意思却是"姓名不详的,匿名的,不露面的".而"伤风败俗的,无耻的,不要脸 的(人)"则要用 shameless 来表达,而 shameful 一般用来指"可耻的,丢脸的(行为)",例如:shameful conduct(可 耻的行为),a shameless exploiter(无耻的剥削者).

111. 你们必须擦亮眼睛,弄清楚事情的真相.
[误] You should wipe your eye and find out the truth.
[正] You should remove the scales from your eyes and find out the truth.
注:英语里确实有 wipe one's eye 这一短语,但它表示"先发制人"或"使某人看到自己的狂妄",而且这里的 eye 要用单数形 式.而 scale 用作复数可比喻"障眼物",英文的 remove the scales from one's eyes 才对应于中文的"擦亮眼睛"

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112. 瞧,树上有两只麻雀.
[误] Look, there are two sparrows on the tree.
[正] Look, there are two sparrows in the tree.
注:英语中,只有"长"在树上的东西才用介词 on,例如:There are lots of apples on the tree;其余均用介词 in,例如: The primitive built houses in the tree(原始人在树上建房子).本例句也不例外.


113. 裘德在乡下有一块菜地.
[误] Jude has a piece of vegetable field in the countryside.
[正] Jude has a piece of vegetable plot in the countryside.
注:英语里 field 的确可指"(一块)田地",如:a paddy field(一块稻田),terraced fields(梯田)等,但"菜地"却习惯称 为 vegetable plot,而不是 field. plot 指"小块土地,小块地皮",如:an experimental plot of cotton(一块棉花试验 田).


114. 我妻子总喜欢留朋友吃顿便饭.
[误] My wife is fond of asking her friends to stay for a casual meal.
[正] My wife is fond of asking her friends to stay for a light meal.
注:casual 可作"不拘礼节的,非正式的"讲,如:clothes for casual wear(便服).但"便饭"人们习惯用形容词 light,该 词也有"随便的,不重要的"之意,如:a light conversation(闲谈).

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115. 要测量海水的深度不是一件容易的事情.
[误] It is a tough job to measure the depth of the sea.
[正] It is a tough job to fathom the depth of the sea.
注:要测量某人的身高,某人物体的长,宽,高,某两点间的距离,某物体的运动速度等,都可以用 measure 一词,例如: The room measures 10 meters across(这房间10米),但惟有测量水深时不用 measure,而要用 fathom.

116. 美国是个超级大国,不少人都梦想着能移民到那儿.
[误] The United States is a super country, and many people dream of immigrating into it.
[正] The United States is a superpower, and many people dream of immigrating into it.
注:super- 是一个前缀,表示"特大的,超级的"等含义,例如:supermarket(超市),superstar(超级明星), superman(超人)等.superpower 是"超级大国"的习惯表达,power 本身也有"强国,大国"的含义,如:an industrial power(工业强国),the imperialist powers(帝国主义列强)等.用 super country 表示"超级大国"是中国式的英语.

117. 哈罗德邀请一位女士到舞池里跳舞.
[误] Harold invites a lady to dance in the dance pool.
[正] Harold invites a lady to dance in the dance floor.
注ool 在英语里是指"水塘"或"水池",如 swimming pool(游泳池)等.而中文的"池"意思就多了,它在"舞池"中就指"旁 边高中间低的地方",再加上许多约定俗成的说法,所以,翻译时要具体情况具体对待.如:"舞池"英文是 dance floor,而"乐 池"则为orchestra pit.

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118. ---我们这是上哪儿去 - ---去我的住处.
[误] ---Where are we going to - ---To my living place.
[正] ---Where are we going to - ---To my dwelling place.
注:虽然 live 有"居住"的意思,但 living place 却是指"(房屋里)可居住的地方",因为 living 作形容词所表达的意思是"适 于居住的".而 dwelling 本身就是名词,指"住处"或"寓所",它也可以再修饰其他名词,如:dwelling house 或 dwelling place 等.

119. ---想喝点什么 - ---来杯淡茶吧!
[误] ---What would you like to drink - ---A cup of light tea, pleas.
[正] ---What would you like to drink - ---A cup of weak tea, pleas.
注:一般说来,形容食物"清淡"用 light,例如:light soup(清汤),a light diet(清淡的饮食)等.形容烟,酒等"味淡 的"则要用 mild,例如:The tobacco is very mild(这烟草儿很淡).而"淡茶"的表达是 weak tea.与"淡"相对的是"浓", 可以翻译成 strong,例如:strong drinks(烈性酒),strong tea(浓茶);也可以译成 thick,例如:thick soup(浓汤) 等.

120. 有人看见一位妇女和两个孩子朝路那边走去.
[误] A woman with two children were seen walking down the road.
[正] A woman with two children was seen walking down the road.
注:在英语中,主语由 as well as, with, along with, together with 等连接时,谓语动词要与这些连接词前面的名词或代词 保持一致.

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121. 我们的班主任住在18栋楼4单元2号.
[误] Our head-teacher lives in Building 18, Entrance 4, No. 2.
[正] Our head-teacher lives in No. 2, Entrance 4, Building 18.
注:英语地址的写法同汉语相反,汉语是从大到小,而英语却是从小到大.例如:Bill Clinton lives in the Little Rock, Arkansas.(比尔.克林顿住在阿肯色的小石城).

122. 如果你也那样做可就有失身份了.
[误] You would lose your identity if you'd follow suit.
[正] It would be beneath your dignity if you'd follow suit.
注:identity 是可以翻译成汉语的"身份",如:The police made sure of his identity(警察查明了他的身份)及 an identity card(身份证)等,但它所表示的"身份"是"正身"或"个人及家庭的基本情况".而"有失身份"的"身份"是指"一个人所处 的地位和应有的尊严",所以它不能翻译成 lose one's identity,而应用 beneath one's dignity 来表达."在某人的尊严之 下"(beneath one's dignity)不就是"有失身份"的意思吗 当然,它还可以用 not up to one's status/dignity/fame 之类的 短语来表示.

123. 每个月的单号我们都有一场比赛.
[误] We have a match on single-numbered days of each month.
[正] We have a match on odd-numbered days of each month.
注:single 是"单一的,单个的"意思如:single-eyed(独眼的),single-handed(独手的,单枪匹马的)等.而 odd 才表 示"单数的,奇数的"意思,如dd houses(单号门牌的房子),odd month(有三十天的月份)等.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

124. 大舌头的人发音都很糟糕.
[误] Big-tongued persons have terrible pronunciations.
[正] Thick-tongued persons have terrible pronunciations.
注:tongued 常和其他词构成复合词,如:loose-tongued(铙舌的,随口乱说的),silver-tongued(能言善辩的)等.说 一个人是个口齿不清的"大舌头",除了可用 a thick-tongued person 来表达,还可以用 a lisper 表达相同的意思.

125. 你可真是个人物啊!
[误] You are really a person.
[正] You are really a personage.
注erson 仅仅指一个普通的"人",如:a young person(一个年轻人),a courageous person(一个勇敢的人)等.所 以第一句译文的意思是"你真的是一个人",好像在讽刺人似的.而 personage 指"要人,名流,显贵",用这个词才能准确表达 原句的意思.

126. 你为什么不走大路偏走小路呢
[误] Why don't you take the big road instead of the small one
[正] Why don't you take the main road instead of the path
注:英语里常用 main 表示"主要的",如:main line(铁路的主要干线);main stem(河流的主要河道);mainland(对 小岛和半岛而言的"大陆"等.而中文的"大路"就是"主干道"的意思,所以也应用 main 修饰.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

127. 在动笔之前,你必须先打开思路.
[误] You should open your mind before you begin to write.
[正] You should broaden your mind before you begin to write.
注pen 表示"打开,张开"时,后面通常跟具体名词,而 broaden 表示"拓宽,扩大",其后既可以跟具体名词搭配,又可以 接抽象名词,如:broaden one's horizon(开阔眼界),The street broadens here(街道在这里变宽了).mind 是个抽 象名词,所以应与 broaden 搭配.

128. 那些人攒三聚五地聚在一起干嘛呢
[误] What are those people gathering in threes and fives for
[正] What are those people gathering in threes and fours for
注:汉语中有些数词可以直接翻译成英文,如:"沧海一粟"(a drop in the ocean),"一箭双雕"(kill two birds with one stone)等.但是,也有不少数词不能进行等值翻译,上面所列的就是一例.除此之外,还有"乱七八糟"(at sixes and sevens),"再三考虑"(on second thought),"三三两两地"(by ones and twos)等.

129. 我爷爷的爷爷从生下来一直到死都没有离开过这座大山.
[误] My great great-grandfather had never left the mountain from birth to death.
[正] My great great-grandfather had never left the mountain from the cradle to the grave.
注:"从......到......"常可以翻译成 from ...to...,如:from ancient times to the present(从古至今),from beginning to end(从头到尾),from dawn to dusk(从早到晚)等.第一句翻译错就错在将"生"和"死"翻得太直白了,不 符合英语的习惯.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

130. 要想学习英语,必须首先学会查字典.
[误] In order to learn English, one must learn to look up the dictionary first. [正] In order to learn English, one must learn to look up words in the dictionary first.
注:look up 表示"(在字典,词典,参考书等中)查找,查寻",后面要跟查找的对象.所以,第一句译文搭配不正确,让人误 以为是要"找字典".原文还有另外一种表达方式,即 consult the dictionary,因为 consult 表达的正是"查阅(字典,书籍 等)".


131. 盖奇在船厂工作了30年.
[误] Cage has been working in a ship factory for thirty years.
[正] Cage has been working in a shipyard for thirty years.
注:英语中的 factory 与汉语的"厂"有时候可以对应,如:clothing factory(服装厂),chemical factory(化工厂), food products factory(食品厂)等,但也有例外,除了"船厂"要用 yard 以外,还有"酿酒厂"(brewery),砖瓦厂 (brickfield),电厂(power plant)等.


132. 当心碰到脑袋.
[误] Take care of your head!
[正] Mind your head!
注:英语里提醒别人注意可以说:Take care! /Look out! /Be careful! 等,但 take care of 却表示"照顾,照料(某人或某 物)".而 mind 用作及物动词时表示"注意,留心,当心",也有提醒注意的意思.如:Mind the wet paint(当心,油漆未 干)等.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

133. 买鞋油的钱你先垫着,我以后还.
[误] Please pay for the shoe oil for me. I'll pay back later.
[正] Please pay for the shoe polish for me. I'll pay back later.
注:鞋油的"油"不用 oil 表达,而要用 polish.polish 可以作"擦光剂"讲,也可以作"磨光,擦亮"讲,如:a desk with a high polish(表面光泽极好的书桌).

134. 由于第三者插足,这对夫妻离婚了.
[误] The couple divorced because of the third person.
[正] The couple divorced because of a third party.
注:序数词一般常跟定冠词 the 连用,表示"第几";而序数词和不定冠词 a 连用时表示的则是"另一个".如:He won the third prize(他得了个三等奖),He won a third prize(他第三次得奖).

135. 这是个口误.
[误] It is an oral mistake!
[正] It is a slip of the tongue!
注:"口误"要用 slip of the tongue(舌头滑了一下)表达,而 misake 一词太严重了,与汉语的内涵有出入.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

136. 三思而后行.
[误] Think three times before you act!
[正] Think twice!
注:汉语中以"三"言其多,英国人却只要求"转念"即可,所以用 twice(二).若将中国的思维强作移植,只恐果实滋味无人 懂.

137. 这是她的口头禅.
[误] This is her habitual phrase.
[正] This is her pet phrase.
注: 习惯的短语 宠物的短语 若是像对宠物一般珍视和不离,这短语自然就是中国人所谓的"口头禅"了!

138. 生命短暂而艺术永恒.
[误] Life is short, and art is long.
[正] Art is long, and time is fleeting.
注: 这是一句传诵千古的名言,若直译成英文会显消极和晦气,没有了原汁原味的.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

139. 过河莫忘搭桥人.
[误] Don't forget the builder of the bridge when you cross the river.
[正] Prise the bridge he goes over.
注: 第一句虽不算错,但第二句意象一转,层面一变,可就简练形象多了!

140. 习惯成自然.
[误] Habit forms nature.
[正] Habit is second nature.
注: 第二句颇有后天习得之意味,妙处也就在于此.

141. 上梁不正下梁歪.
[误] If the upper beam is crooked, the one below is necessarily so.
[正] Fish begins to stink at the head.
注: 鱼要腐烂头先臭 西方人把中国人赋予建筑的喻义转接到了食物身上,异曲同工吧!记得不要直译哦!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

142. 聊胜于无.
[误] Few is better than none.
[正] Half a bread is better than none.
注: 中国的四字成语言简意赅,而英文却将此形象化于西方人所熟悉的面包,亲切可触.

143. 忧愁伤身.
[误] Worry hurts body.
[正] Care killed the cat.
注: 既然莎翁(莎士比亚)用了一只可怜的猫,那么,就用猫好了.

144. 他输了这场球.一切都完蛋了.
[误] He has lost the game. The egg is over.
[正] He has lost the game. It has gone belly up.
注: 我们不知道中文"完蛋"二字的源头,但是英文表达里的 belly up 源自漂在水中的死鱼.怎么样 很生动吧!千万不要用鸡 蛋把外国人搞得丈二和尚摸不着头脑哦!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

145. 他俩好得能穿一条裤子.
[误] They are so close as if they could wear the same trousers.
[正] They are hand in glove.
注: 中国人的这一表达在西方人看来简直是莫名其妙,他们相应的说法是像手在手套里一样亲密无间.

146. 他资质平平.
[误] He has a normal intelligence.
[正] He has an average intelligence.
注: normal 言其正常,average 言其平庸.貌似一般,但内涵不同,绝对不可滥用.

147. 他这次可是搬起石头砸自己的脚.
[误] This time, he has carried a stone and let it fall on his own feet.
[正] This time, he has shot himself in the foot.
注: 中文和英文都用了"脚",可是一个要用"石头",一个要用"枪".别记错了!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

143. 忧愁伤身.
[误] Worry hurts body.
[正] Care killed the cat.
注: 既然莎翁(莎士比亚)用了一只可怜的猫,那么,就用猫好了.

这个有点太高深了。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

alberto 说:

143. 忧愁伤身.
[误] Worry hurts body.
[正] Care killed the cat.
注: 既然莎翁(莎士比亚)用了一只可怜的猫,那么,就用猫好了.

这个有点太高深了。

点击展开...

这是文化习惯，需单独记忆。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

148. 他老是信口开河.
[误] He is always making his mouth flow like a river.
[正] He is always shooting off his mouth!
注: 中国人的这一比喻西方人是无论如何也理解不了的,他们不仅体会不到其中的夸张,还会以为这个人整天口水直流呢!

149. 这事儿八字还没一撇呢!
[误] I have not drawn the first part of the letter eight!
[正] It has not got to the first base!
注: 这句话与汉字形状有关,直译成英文真是要多怪有多怪.幸好英文里有一个类似表达,那就拿来用吧!

150. 她最爱给人当头泼凉水了.
[误] She loves pouring cold water over other's head.
[正] She loves throwing a wet blanket on others.
注: wet blanket 在英语中指"令人扫兴的人或事",而中文的"泼凉水"在这里也不是直泼,也是"令人扫兴"的意思.所以在某些 时候,中国人的"泼凉水"等同于西方人的"抛湿毯子"呢!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

151. 她老是为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事烦心.
[误] She is always worrying over chicken feather and garlic skin.
[正] She is always worrying over nickel and dime.
注: 中文里拿细碎小物作比,英文中则用零钱碎钞为喻,两种文化,表达自然不同了.

152. 他是个软心肠.
[误] He is a soft-hearted man.
[正] He is a pushover.
注: 心肠软,其实也就是听不得别人几句好话,外力一推就身不由已了.在这里,英文不言局部的"心",而只谈整体的"人",与 汉语的这个区别要记一记.

153. 我们俩得为这个错误负责.
[误] You and I am responsible for this mistake.
[正] I and you are responsible for this mistake.
注: 老师常常强调英文中要"先人后己",但表达承担责任或接受指责等倒霉事时却例外,反其道而行之,这你知道吗

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

125. 你可真是个人物啊!
[误] You are really a person.
[正] You are really a personage.
注erson 仅仅指一个普通的"人",如:a young person(一个年轻人),a courageous person(一个勇敢的人)等.所 以第一句译文的意思是"你真的是一个人",好像在讽刺人似的.而 personage 指"要人,名流,显贵",用这个词才能准确表达 原句的意思.
我有异议：
1. personage 似乎太正规，不合口语
2. 电影里面常听到的是“You are really a man”，似乎男女不平等哦，我不知道对女人这句该如何表达。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

alberto 说:

143. 忧愁伤身.
[误] Worry hurts body.
[正] Care killed the cat.
注: 既然莎翁(莎士比亚)用了一只可怜的猫,那么,就用猫好了.

这个有点太高深了。

点击展开...

终于知道"好奇害死猫"怎么来的了。谢谢楼主，辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦辛苦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

alberto 说:

125. 你可真是个人物啊!
[误] You are really a person.
[正] You are really a personage.
注erson 仅仅指一个普通的"人",如:a young person(一个年轻人),a courageous person(一个勇敢的人)等.所 以第一句译文的意思是"你真的是一个人",好像在讽刺人似的.而 personage 指"要人,名流,显贵",用这个词才能准确表达 原句的意思.
我有异议：
1. personage 似乎太正规，不合口语
2. 电影里面常听到的是“You are really a man”，似乎男女不平等哦，我不知道对女人这句该如何表达。

点击展开...

Seach me!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

154. 她儿子终于平安无事地回来了.
[误] Her son has finally come back, safe and eventless.
[正] Her son has finally come back, safe and sound.
注: "平安"可以用 safe 表达,可是"无事"呢 不要直译,因为 safe and sound 在英文里已经是固定搭配,直接拿来用吧,很 地道的!

155. 别太沮丧了,众口难调嘛.
[误] Don't be frustrated. It is hard to cater for all tastes.
[正] Don't be frustrated. You can't please everyone.
注: 遇到这种情况,千万别钻牛角尖,找什么十足的对应,因为每种文化都是独特的.

156. 明日复明日,明日何其多.
[误] Tomorrow after tomorrow. How many tomorrows would there be
[正] One today is worth two tomorrows.
注: 因为汉语独特的音韵特点,所以这句话用汉语重复起来有绵延效果,但直译成英文却韵味尽失.因此,这里英文将汉语丰富 的内涵浓缩在短短几个词里,可谓与汉语各有千秋.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

157. 一日不见,如隔三秋.
[误] It seems many years if they fail to see each other.
[正] Absence sharpens love.
注: 这里值得惊叹的是,英文中竟有如此美妙的句子与这句中文相对.它们一个含蓄,一个直白,但都一样的经典.

158. 有情人终成眷属.
[误] Lovers shall become couples in the end.
[正] All shall be well, and Jack shall have Jill.
注: 中文里千古传诵的句子,到了英文中却具体成了两个有名有姓的年轻人,而且还用了英文特有的修辞手法---头韵,妙极!

159. 我给年轻人的忠告就是多用耳朵,少用嘴巴.
[误] The advice I would like to provide the young people with is to use their ears more than their mouths.
[正] The advice I would like to provide the young people with is to be swift to hear but slow to speak.
注: 中文是用"耳朵"和"嘴"来指行为,很有特点;而英文用的是形容词与动词不定式的组合,既对称又对比鲜明.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

160. 人言可畏.
[误] Words are horrible.
[正] Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
注: 此处的"人言"岂是直译为 words 所能表达的!所以还是用地道的英文谚语好 ---借"狗"来说人,有趣而且贴切.

161. 别五十步笑百步了,你并不比我做得好.
[误] Don't laugh at those who have covered 100 steps when you have covered 50. You have done no better than me.
[正] The pot calls the kettle black! You have done no better than me.
注: 以前,英国人烧水不是用 pot 就是用 kettle,而且它们的底总被熏得黑黑的.所以,"罐子笑锅黑"与我们的"五十步笑百 步"一样,都很形象,只是两种文化所深沉的东西不一样,因此表达也就大相径庭了.如若直译,很难传神,甚至理解都成问 题.

162. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅汤.
[误] The mouse waste spoils the whole pot of soup.
[正] The rotten apple injures its neighbors.
注: 都来自生活小常识,都揭示人生大现象,可是,中英文选择的载体就是不一样.中国人熟悉的表达是"老鼠屎",西方人则 用"烂苹果".

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

163. 史密斯先生觉得自己是个小人物,他多希望有一天能成为大人物啊!
[误] Mr Smith always considers himself a small figure, and how he wishes to be a big figure one day!
[正] Mr Smith always considers himself nobody, and how he wishes to be somebody one day!
注:"小人物"也好,"大人物"也罢,是言其地位,而非体格.nobody 和 somebody 能准确表达这一中文意思,而 small figure 和 big figure 是指"小个子"和"大个子",不要混淆噢!

164. 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮.
[误] Three cobblers equal Zhuge Liang.
[正] Two heads are better than one.
注: 此类中文典故很难通过直译讲清楚,加上一大堆注释又无法传神,所以还不如用英文对应的习惯表达呢.

165. 文人相轻.
[误] Men of letters despise each other.
[正] Two of a trade never agree.
注: 虽然第二句英文说法比中文原文的所指范围要宽泛一些,但其精髓是相通的,值得比较记忆.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

166. 一个巴掌拍不响,这事儿是他俩一块儿干的.
[误] One palm claps not ---this must have been done by them both.
[正] It takes two to tango ---this must have been done by them both.
注: 我们说"一个巴掌拍不响",而西方人习惯用"探戈舞是需要两个人一块儿跳的",但这两者的含义是那么的一致.

167. 江山易改,本性难移.
[误] It is easier to move the mountains than to change one's nature.
[正] A leopard can't change its spots.
注: "豹子改变不了身上的花斑",英语里常用动物来说明事理.

168. 汤姆破产以后,他的那些朋友都不见了 ---他们不过是一些酒肉朋友.
[误] None of his friends has ever turned up since Tom went bankrupt ---they are nothing but friends of wine and meat.
[正] None of his friends has ever turned up since Tom went bankrupt ---they are nothing but fine weather friends.
注: 英语中的 fine weather friends 是指"顺境中的朋友",其意思与我们的"酒肉朋友"是一样的,都是指"只能同甘,不能共 苦的朋友".

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中



169. 他白手起家,把一家小工厂办成了跨国集团.
[误] He started from white hand, developing a small factory into an international business group.
[正] He started from scratch, developing a small factory into an international business group.
注: "白手"是"从零开始"的意思,而不是"白色的手".所以,有时候直译是会贻笑大方的.scratch 作名词时曾有"起跑线"之 意,所以 start from scratch 才是"白手起家"的正确翻译.

170. 这班上最高的男生成了她的靠山.
[误] The tallest boy in the class has become her backing hill.
[正] The tallest boy in the class has become her security blanket.
注: "靠山"只是个比喻说法,它是指"保护人".但英国人不习惯用"靠山"作比喻,也不用我们常说的"保护伞".也许他们认为被 毯子包裹起来更有安全感吧.

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171. 我心里有数,他将成为我最优秀的学生.
[误] I have numbers in my heart that he will be my best student.
[正] I feel in my bones that he will be my best student.
注: 如果将"心中有数"翻译成"心里有几个数字",那外国人一定不明白是什么意思.而 feel in one's bones(在骨头里都感觉 到了)不正充分表达了中文的意思吗

172. 他把这工程做砸了,被老板骂得狗血淋头.
[误] He failed in the project and was poured the blood of dogs by his boss.
[正] He failed in the project and was given both barrels by his boss.
注: 在这里,barrel 是"枪筒"的意思.而 give sb. both barrels 指连续射击,狠狠打击对手,不给他喘息的机会.它与中文 的"狗血淋头"不是一回事吗

173. 他老爱吹牛,一点也不可信.
[误] He is always blowing the bull up and is not reliable at all.
[正] He is always talking big and is not reliable at all.
注: 将"吹牛"翻译成"把一头牛吹起来"的人可能并不多,但不知如何翻译的人也许不在少数.现在你知道了吗 talk big 就 是"吹牛"的地道说法.

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174. 别杞人忧天了,公司的状况很好.
[误] Don't worry about the falling sky. The company is going on quite well. [正] Don't be a nervous Nellie. The company is going on quite well.
注: nervous Nellie 就是英文里那个忧心忡忡的"杞人",那么为什么不直接拿来用呢!

175. 她做事总是拣了芝麻,丢了西瓜.
[误] She is always collecting sesame at the cost of watermelon.
[正] She is only penny-wise.
注: "拣了芝麻,丢了西瓜"是中文里对因小失大的形象比喻,但照搬到英文里则会让人糊涂.西方人怎样说呢 penny-wise! 即"只在小钱上精明".但仔细想想它们是不是具有相同的意思呢

176. 自从那件事发生以后,他总是魂不守舍的.
[误] His soul is absent from its dwell ever since the occurrence of that event. [正] He has been having ants in his pants ever since the occurrence of that event.
注: "蚂蚁在裤腿里爬"当然会让人坐立不安了,这时与中文所说的"魂不守舍"是不是一个样子呢 只是中文用的是拟人的修辞手 法,而英文用的是比喻.

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学习~

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173. 他老爱吹牛,一点也不可信.
[误] He is always blowing the bull up and is not reliable at all.
这个倒真的是中式英语，估计中国来的能理解，老外看的一头雾水。

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177. 他累断了腰才把儿子抚养成人.
[误] He broke his waist to bring up his son.
[正] He broke his neck to bring up his son.
注: 中国人说"累断了腰",而英国人习惯用"累断脖子".

178. 他俩总混在一块儿,可真是物以类聚啊.
[误] They stay together all the time ---similar objects are always together. [正] They stay together all the time ---like to like.
注: 第一句译文也能达意,但怎能与言简意赅且富有乐感的 like to like 相比呢

179. 小声点儿,隔墙有耳!
[误] Turn down your voice! There is a ear behind the wall!
[正] Turn down your voice! Walls have ears!

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180. 他做事总是半途而废.
[误] He is in the habit of doing things by half.
[正] He is in the habit of doing things by halves.
注: by halves 已经成为英文中的一个习惯表达,表示做事情"有始无终".擅加改动可就错了.

181. 露西最喜欢吃巧克力冰淇淋.
[误] Lucy most likes chocolate ice cream.
[正] Lucy likes chocolate ice cream best.
注: 中,英文有不同的语序.此句英文的最高级应放在句末,且固定的搭配应该是 like sth. better/best.

182. 建好新的高速公路恐怕要等到猴年马月了.
[误] The new motorway won't be ready until monkey's year and horse's month.
[正] The new motorway won't be ready for donkey's years.
注: 我们的"猴年马月"在英文中要用"驴年"表达,即 donkey's years.另外,英文中 till the cows come home 所表达的意 思也与此相同,如:If you expect to get help from him, you will have to wait till the cows come home

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183. 请自重!
[误] Be respectful to yourself!
[正] Behave yourself!
注: 这句中文几乎是一种警告,不是 respectful 所能表达的.但 behave oneself 也不总表达如此严厉的语气,而且其中的 oneself 还可以省略.如:Children, please behave!(孩子们,乖一点!)另外,conduct oneself with dignity 也可以表 达"自重"或"放规矩点"等相同的意思.

184. 他太激动了,以致无法从头至尾地把故事讲完.
[误] He was too excited to tell his story from the beginning to the end.
[正] He was too excited to tell his story from beginning to end.
注: 这有关英语零冠词的用法.在英语的某些固定短语中,是无需使用冠词的.除了上例,相似的还有 at this time of year/ day(一年中的这个时候),in bed(在床上)等.

185. 隐形眼镜
[误] invisible glasses
[正] contact lenses
注: 一般的眼镜是用玻璃(glass)制成的,所以在英文中用 glass 表达.但隐形眼镜因为由特殊材料制成,并与人们的眼球直 接接触(contact),因此名为 contact lenses.

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186.月夜
[误] moon night
[正] moonlit night/moonlight night
注: 英语中用名词作定语的情况很多,如:cloth market(布匹市场),women doctors(女医生),school gate(学校大 门)等,但并不是万无一失的,类似的例子还有 sunny day 或 sunlit countyard等.

187. 虽说他们是两兄弟,但学习态度真有天壤之别啊!
[误] Though they are brothers, their attitudes of studying are really as different as sky and earth!
[正] Though they are brothers, their attitudes of studying are teally as different as night and day!
注: 还是取地道的英文表达最保险,但这需要平时就做有心人,注意积累.

188. 勇敢点孩子,别怕被人笑话.
[误] Be brave, boy, don't be afraid of being laughed by others.
[正] Be brave, boy. Don't be afraid of being laughed at by others.
注: 初学英语者易犯的一个错误就是用逗号连接两个独立和完整的英语句子.虽然中文里这样用可以,但英文里却不行,要用连 词 and,so,though 等,或干脆用句号使其成为两个句子.另外,"笑话某人"应用 "laugh at sb.",介词 at 不能忘,在被动 语态中尤其要注意.

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189. 随便叫个人来帮忙,张三李四都行.
[误] Get someone to help, Zhang San, Li Si or anyone else.
[正] Get any Tom, Dick or Henry to help.
注:中国人姓"张"和姓"李"的很多,所以汉语中用"张三李四"泛指任何人.英国人叫 Tom,Dick 或 Henry 的很多,所以我们的"张三李四"在英语中就成了"Tom,Dick or Henry". 类例:老王= George Source: 《汉英词语翻译漫话》陈忠诚 著 p.9 《汉英词典》中,"老王卖瓜,自卖自夸"的汉语译文是: 1) Lao Wang selling melons praises his own goods. [此译文后还有一个注释("---praise one's own ware or work",但不是译文,姑不予置论.] 这句译文可谓紧扣原文,无懈可击.问题是外国读者能够理解 Lao Wang 并非特指具体的老王吗 因此,是否可以从英语中物色一个具有通称作用的人名来译"老王"呢 在英语中,Tony 和 George 都曾被用作从事某种行当者 的通称: 2) The ditchdiggers were all called "Tony" (as pullman porters were then[in 1920s]in U.S.called "George". ---Luigi Barzini: O America! London 1977, p.171 这就是说,在当年,凡挖沟工人,人多称之为 Tony;而"红帽子",则人们都通称为 George! 那么,是否可以把"老王卖瓜,自卖自夸"中的老王译成 Tony 或 George 呢 Tony 可说不上,用 George 译"老王卖 瓜......"中的老王,倒是可以考虑的.George 不仅是美国二十年代"红帽子"的通称,而且即使在二十世纪的八十年代,还在更 大范围内用于泛指呢.下例中的 George 就是任何普通人的通称: 3) According to the latest government figures, 43 percent of the work force consists of females. Why are so many women choosing the career route I believe it's because they want their own identities and satisfaction that comes with personal achievement. They are not content to settle for being "George's wife". ---"New Rules for the Marriage Game", Reader's Digest, 1982, p.91 例中的 "George's wife"如果译作"张婶","王嫂",似乎是可以的. George 之用于泛称(而不是指某一个真的名叫"乔治"的人),亦见于习语"by George": 4) by George! an exclamation of mild surprise, determination, etc. ---WNWD 在下列美国俚语中,George 也是用于泛指的,请看: 5) Let George do it[美俚]让别人去干吧. ---《新汉英词典》 George 在这则俚语中竟成了"我"以外的所有人的通称了,其属泛指自更不待言了. 所以,至少在一定上下文中,似乎不妨把"老王卖瓜......"之类的老王(而不是真正的老王)译成 Grorge,把 George's wife 之类的 George (而不是,比如说,George Schults 之类的确有其人的 George)译成老王. 最后,关于 George 再说一个真实的故事.美国前国务卿黑格辞职不干后由舒尔茨接任,而舒尔茨的名字恰好是 George,正好 应了"Let George do it"这句俚语.请看里根在乔治.舒尔茨宣誓就职时讲的几句话: 6) Reagan [at swearing-in of George Schults as Secretary of State to replace Haig]: "I am reminded of the saying, 'Let George do it.' George, I'll have a few things for you to do." ---Time, December 27, 1982, p.26

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190. 车速越来越快了.
[误] The speed of the car is getting faster and faster.
[正] The speed of the car is getting higher and higher.
注: fast 不能与 speed 连用,其固定搭配是 high.可以说 The car is getting faster and faster,但只能说 Our car is driving on the highway at an extremely high speed.

191. 他掌权以后立刻露出了本来面目.
[误] He showed his true face as soon as he got the power in his hand.
[正] He showed his true colors as soon as he got the power in his hand.
注: 注意,这里的 colors 要用复数,而且这一短语带有很强的贬义.再看下面的句子:She finished the work in flying colors(她出色地完成了任务).这里的 colors 指"彩旗",而飘扬的彩旗可是胜利的标志噢!

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192. 敌人对我们又打又拉.
[误] The enemy striked and pulled us.
[正] The enemy used both the carrot and the stick towards us.
注: 英语里常用借代的修辞手法.又如en is mightier than sword.

193. 不就是一篇论文吗,小菜一碟.
[误] Just a paper It's a small plate of dish.
[正] Just a paper It's a piece of cake/as easy as a pie.
注: 我们用"小采一碟"表示"不成问题",而英美人更习惯用蛋糕和派.这是典型的由文化差异引起的语言差异.

194. 我不信你会傻到帮他背黑锅.
[误] I don't believe you are foolish enough to carry the black pan for him.
[正] I don't believe you are foolish enough to hold the bag for him. 注: 这里的 bag 相当于 blame 或 responsibility,所以短语 hold the bag 指"代人受过",与我们的"背黑锅"意思相同.

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195. 不管别人怎么对你,我永远是支持你的.
[误] No matter how others may treat you, I'll always support you. [正] No matter how others may treat you, I'll be always on your side. 注: support 一般指经济或行动上比较实在的帮助和支持,而 on one's side 则侧重于观点,立场等精神上的支持和一致.因 此,这里用 on one's side 更符合愿意.

196. 她受丈夫的影响,成了不吃肉,只消费蔬菜,蛋和奶的素食者.
[误] Influenced by her husband, she changed into a vegan having eggs and milk only.
[正] Influenced by her husband, she changed into a vegetarian having eggs and milk only.
注: vegan 是"严格的素食主义者",他们不仅不吃肉,而且连动物的副产品也不吃.而并不忌讳蛋和牛奶的"素食者"应用 vegetarian.

197. 你是在杀鸡取卵.
[误] You are killing the hen for her eggs.
[正] You are killing the goose that lays golden eggs.
注: "杀死生金蛋的鹅"典出一个广为流传的故事:一位农夫得到了一只会生金蛋的鹅,但因为嫌每天只得一个金蛋速度太慢了, 于是贪得无厌的农夫在妻子的怂恿下杀了那只鹅,想取出它肚子里所有的金蛋,结果反而彻底断了自己的财路.现在,人们用 kill the goose that lays golden eggs 比喻"目光短浅"或"得不偿失",正是中文"杀鸡取卵"的意思.

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198. 他三言两语就解释清楚了整件事.
[误] He made the whole thing clear in three or two words.
[正] He made the whole thing clear in one or two words.
注: 虽然英语中的 one or two words 也是虚指,但所用的数字却与中文的不同.又如:三思(think twice),三心二意 (in two minds),百里挑一(one in a thousand)等.

199. 他的恬不知耻让我起鸡皮疙瘩.
[误] His shamelessness gives me chick-pimples.
[正] His shamelessness gives me goose-pimples.
注: 中文的"鸡皮疙瘩"在英语中要用"鹅皮疙瘩"(goose-pimples)表达.这多半由饮食习惯的差异引起,因为鹅在中国可不像在英国那样常见.

200. 十之八九你不能按时完成任务.
[误] Eight or nine out of ten you will not be able to finish the assignment in time.
[正] Ten to one you will not be able to finish the assignment in time.
注: "十之八九"表示"很可能",相当于 probably,与英语的习惯用语 ten to one 意思相同.

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201. 爸爸给这张桌子上了一层新漆.
[误] Daddy painted the desk with a layer of paint.
[正] Daddy painted the desk with a coat of paint.
注:layer 和 coat,虽然翻译成中文都是"层",但用法却不同.如nions have layers(洋葱是一层一层的),但涂上一层 油漆却要用 coat. A layer of smog settled over the city. The cake has three layers. These seeds must be covered with a layer of earth. A layer of ice on the street. You must put another coat of paint on this door. Two coats of painting were needed to cover the old colour. A coat of dust

202. 他喝起酒来像牛钦,但极少出交通事故.
[误] He drinks like a cattle, but seldom has traffic accidents.
[正] He drinks like a fish, but seldom has traffic accidents.
注:中国是个农业国,自古以来牛就是耕作的主要牲畜,所以中国人喜欢用牛,这一自己熟悉的动物来比喻.英国是个岛国,以 渔业和航海业著称,所以那里的人们最为熟悉的动物就是鱼了.

203. 他已经到了山穷水尽的地步了.
[误] They are at the end of their road.
[正] They are at the end of their tether.
注:tether 是用来拴家畜的系绳,这些家畜只能在系绳尽头所能达到的范围内活动,所以 at the end of one's tether 被用来 比喻能力等"达到了极限".这里的 tether 有时也用 rope 替代.

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204. 国家法律规定,不论贫富,一律征税.
[误] According to the state law, both poor and rich are taxed.
[正] According to the state law, both rich and poor are taxed.
注:两种语言的表达顺序往往存在差异,而且都是约定俗成的,不容改变.又如:前后(back and forth),新旧(old and new),悲欢(joy and sorrow),血肉(flesh and blood),钢铁(iron and steel),兴衰(fall and rise),南北 (north and south)等.

205. 要在那么多书中找到我们想要的那本书简直就是大海捞针!
[误] To find a book we want in so many books is just as difficult as looking for a needle in the sea.
[正] To find a book we want in so many books is just as difficult as looking for a needle in a haystack.
注:a needle in a haystack(干草堆里的一根针)确实难找,与我们"大海捞针"的难度应该是半斤八两,而且,它可是英语中 约定俗成的用法啊!

206. 面包和黄油是西方人极其喜爱的食品.
[误] Bread and butter are westerners' favorites.
[正] Bread and butter is westerners' favourite. 注:bread and butter 在这里应该被看成一个整体,所以谓语动词要用单数形式.又如:刀叉(knife and folk)等.

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207. 失之东隅,收之桑榆.
[误] Lose where the sun rises and gain where the sun sets.
[正] What one loses on the swings, he gets back on the roundabouts.
注:第一句虽然将原文的意思忠实地表达了出来,但英国人仍然难以体会中文"日出之处日落之时"的内涵.因此,借用地道的英 语说法才是最明智的选择.swings 是"秋千",roundabouts 是"旋转木马".swings and roundabouts 在英语中就表示"有得 有失"."失之东隅,收之桑榆"还可以直接用 It's all swings and roundabouts 来表达.

208. 塞翁失马,焉知非福.
[误] When the old man on the frontier lost his horse, who could tell it was not a blessing in disguise
[正] A loss of many turns out to be a gain.
注:直译出的句子很长,有失原文的韵味.而且,英美人没有听过"塞翁失马"的故事,所以他们也未必能懂.还有一些其它的译 法:A loss sometimes spells a gain.; Every cloud has a/its silver lining.; Misfortune may be a blessing in disguise.; Nothing so bad, as not to be good for sth.

209. 此地无银三百两.
[误] There isn't 300 liang of silver buried here.
[正] A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. 注:民间故事,有个人把银子埋在土里,上面写了个字条:"此地无银三百两";他的邻居阿二把银子偷走了,也写了个字 条:"隔壁阿二不曾偷." Folk tale. A man buried his silver in the ground and put up a note, saying: "Three hundred ounces of silver is not buried here." His neighbour Ah Erh stole the silver and also put up a note with this: "Your neighbour Ah Erh didn't steal it." ---A metaphor for one's being exposed by one's own vindication. 与上句一样,对不清楚故事背景的人,只有把一切解释得明白一点了.

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210. 现在的家庭一般都用白糖而不用红糖.
[误] Nowadays households tend to use white sugar rather than red sugar.
[正] Nowadays households tend to use white sugar rather than brown sugar. 注:就像我们中国人不知道为什么要叫红糖(有的红糖其实是黄色的),恐怕英国人也不知道为什么要叫 brown sugar,约定 俗成吧!另外,他们的 brown bread 我们却称作"黑面包".类似一些说法还有:红眼病 green eyes;脸色发紫 black in the face;红茶 black tea;黄色电影 blue film 等.
211. 对不起,小姐,恐怕我点的不是红茶而是绿茶.
[误] Sorry Miss, I'm afraid my order is not red tea but green tea.
[正] Sorry Miss, I'm afraid my order is not black tea but green tea.
注:与前面的例子一样,这又是无法解释的东西方颜色差异.又如:"黄色书籍"英文用 blue book,"又青又紫"英文称 black and blue.另外,西方人眼中的吉日是 a white day,如"婚礼"就被叫做 white wedding,因为新娘的婚纱是白色的(近年 来,在中国,一些城里人也有去教堂举行婚礼的,自然新娘要穿白色婚纱).而中国人传统上只有葬礼才用白色形容(如红白"喜事". About this entry, please

212. 三个和尚没水喝. [
误] Three monks have no drinking water.
[正] Everybody's business is nobody's business.
注:后一句译文用最直白的方式将原文的内在含义准确表达出来,避免了文化差异带来的理解障碍

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213. 人才流失是我们面临的重大问题.
[误] Talents draining is a serious problem we are facing.
[正] Brain-draining is a serious problem we are facing.
注:talent 指的是"天才",而原文中的"人才"是可以通过后天塑造的,而且 brain-draining 是表示"人才流失"的英文地道说 法,用在这里更恰当.

214. 你怎么做出那样愚蠢的事情 真是让人笑掉大牙.
[误] What a fool you are to do such a thing! That really makes people laugh off their front teeth.
[正] What a fool you are to do such a thing! That really makes people laugh off their head.
注:"笑掉头"可比"笑掉门牙"更严重,看来英国人比我们还夸张.

215. 和他谈文学简直是对牛弹琴.
[误] To talk with him about literature is nothing but playing the lute to a cow.
[正] To discuss with him about literature is nothing but casting pearls before swine.
注:"对牛弹琴"可以借用英语中类似的现成说法.这种可以在英语中找到对应表述的情况很多,如:吹牛(to talk horse);挥 金如土(to spend money like water);鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利(When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game);近朱者赤,近墨者黑(Who heeps company with the wolf will learn the howl).

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216. 瞧,那个穿蓝衣服的是她的白马王子.
[误] Look, that one in blue is her White-horse Prince.
[正] Look, that one in blue is her Prince Charming.
注:西方人不会明白为什么一定是骑白马的王子,所以不如直接表现王子的俊朗魅力.管他白马,黑马,反正帅呆了!

217. 小姑娘红扑扑的脸上挂着微笑.
[误] The little girl's red cheeks are brightened by a smile.
[正] The little girl's rosy cheeks are brightened by a smile.
注:rosy cheeks 所指的红润脸颊展示着健康和美丽,而 red 是用来形容由害羞或窘迫引起的脸红.如:He went red when I asked about his girlfriend. 下面给出有关 red 的翻译For the time being, I cannot locate the post I posted on Rainlane months ago. I'll settle this later on.)

218. 韦尼格先生因酒后驾车被罚了100美元.
[误] Mr. Vinegar was punished $100 for drunken driving.
[正] Mr. Vinegar was fined $100 for drunken driving. 注unish 后面不直接加具体惩罚,如:He was punished by long terms of imprisonment(他被处以长期监禁)或 He was unished to pay $100 for drunk driving.专门用来表示罚款的动词是 fine,其后可直接加被罚金额

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219. 挂羊头卖狗肉.
[误] Hanging a sheep's head while selling a dog's flesh.
[正] Cry up wine and sell vinegar.
注:嚷着卖酒,其实卖的却是醋,这也是名不符实的典型.至于为什么英语中用这样比喻,也许是因为英国人善饮,而视狗为宠 物,一般不吃狗肉吧.
220. 吉尔的作业找不到了,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁.
[误] Failing to find her homework, Jill is just like an ant on a hot pan.
[正] Failing to find her homework, Jill is just like a cat on a hot tin roof.

221. 我想要认识格林先生.
[误] I want to recognize Mr. Green.
[正] I should like to know Mr. Green.
注:中文说的"认识"在上句中只能用英文的 know 来译,如照字面直译为 recognize 就错了,因为英文的 recognize=know again,例如 He has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.(他变得太厉害,我几乎不认识他了.)原来认 识的人才可以用 recognize,第一次相识只能说 know.

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222. 他父亲破产使他不能出国去留学了.
[误] The bankruptcy of his father has made him impossible to go abroad.
[正] The bankruptcy of his father has made it impossible for him to go abroad.
注:英文的 possible 或 impossible 一类的形容词,是要用"it"来作主语,不可以用"人"作主语的.

223. 如蒙早日赐复,不胜感激.
[误] I shall appreciate very much if you will reply at your earliest convenience.
[正] I shall appreciate it very much if you will reply at your earliest convenience.
注:作"感激"解的 appreciate 是及物动词,必须接有宾语,其他例如,I greatly apprreciate your kindness.(我非常感激你的好意.)
224. 他跟一个百万富翁的女儿结婚了.
[误] He married with the daughter of a millionaire.
[正] He married the daughter of a millionaire.
注:英文 marry 一字通常是用作及物动词的,共有三个意思.(1)结婚,包括娶和嫁,例如 He is going to marry Miss Wong.(他将娶王小姐为妻.)She married an Englishman.(她嫁给一个英国人.)May cousins marry each other (表兄弟可以结婚吗 )(2)遣嫁,娶媳,例如 He married his daughter to a rich man.(他把女儿嫁给一个富翁.) He married his son to an architect's daughter.(他替儿子讨了一个建筑师的女儿做老婆.)(3)主婚,例如 The priest is going to marry them.(牧师将为他们主婚.)如用 passive voice 是表示已结了婚的那种状态,如 Tom and Alice have been married four years.(汤姆和艾丽丝已结婚四年了.)They got married soon after that.(那以后他们 随即就结婚了.)

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225. 我哥哥是个跳舞迷.
[误] My brother is a dance mania.
[正] My brother has a mania for dancing.
注:表示对某事的着迷或狂热,英文说 mania,但这个名词不能作主语补足语,只能用作动词 have 的宾语.其他例如 He has a perfect mania for rare books.(他有狂搜珍本书的癖好.)

226. 加拿大有多少人口
[误] How many population has Canada
[正] What is the population of Canada
注:"人口"的英文 population 是不加"s"而构成复数的,所以不能用 many,但有时可以加不定冠词,如 India has a very large population for its area.(印度以面积来说人口是很多的.)这个 population 当然也作单数用,如 Population sinks. (人中降低.)通常用作集合名词,不加"s"构成复数,除非是下列情形:the educated pupulations of China and Japan (中日两国的知识阶层).

227. 我希望我的父母长寿.
[误] I hope my parents to live long.
[正] I hope my parents will live long.
注:英文动词有一定的惯用法(correct usage),有的后面可接不定式,如 I want you to attend the meeting. 有的后面 要接动名词,如 How can we avoid making mistakes 还有的后面一定要接一个句子(clause),如本例所示,但 hope 也可接不定式,如 I hope to see you soon again

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228. 红色的和白色的玫瑰花开了.
[误] A red and white rose are in bloom.
[正] A red and a white rose are in bloom.
注:表示不同的人,名词前都应用冠词.A novelist and poet 指一个人,即"小说家兼诗人".另外,不同的形容词修饰名词, 则形容词前也须加冠词.A red and white 表示"红白相间的".

229. 今年应邀出席教师节庆祝活动的教师人数比去年多.
[误] The number of teachers invited to the Teachers' Day celebrations this year were larger than that of last year.
[正] The number of teachers invited to the Teachers' Day celebrations this year was larger than that of last year.
注:a number of 是"若干,许多"的意思,后面应该用动词的复数形式;第二个句子内 the number of 中的 number 是"数 目"的意思,尽管后面接了复数 teachers,但主语是单数的 number,所以动词须用单数.

230. 他是一位很有经验的教师,学生提什么问题他都不在乎.
[误] He is a too experienced teacher to care what kind of question the students may ask.
[正] He is too experienced a teacher to care what kind of question the students may ask.
注:如果按正常的词序,则 He is a too experienced teacher.(他是一位很有经验的教师.)不能算错,但是由于此句以 too...to 结构贯穿整个句子,这就必须将 too 和 experienced 提至冠词之前

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231. 假期从明天开始.
[误] The vacation begins from tomorrow.
[正] The vacation begins tomorrow.
注:中文的"从"字在这种场合是不需译出的,其他场合也不需译成 from,例如"新学期从四月开始".The new term begins in April. "新学期从四月五日开始." The new term begins on the 5th of April. "茶会从六点开始."The tea party begins at six o'clock. "教育从一个人出生开始." Education begins with a man's birth. 例句中的 tomorrow,是一个副 词,副词前是不可以用介词的.April, the 5th, six o'clock, birth 都是名词.

232. 我很高兴接受你的邀请.
[误] It gives me much plesure in accepting your invitation.
[正] It gives me much pleasure to accept your invitation. . I have much pleasure in accepting your invitation. . I take great pleasure in accepting your invitation.
注:take great pleasure=greatly enjoy. 如说 have the pleasure 则后不接 in 而接 of,如 I have the pleasure of accepting your invitation.也是通的,不过此种语法多用于下类句中:May I have the pleasure of taking a glass of wine with you I once had the pleasure of being introduced to you. I am sorry I cannot have the pleasure of accompanying you today. I hope you will give me the pleasure of dining with me at 8 o'clock tomorrow evening at my place. There are many famous men whom I have not yet had the pleasure of meeting so far.

233. 我最好讲个故事给你听.
[误] I can do no better than to tell you a story.
[正] I can do no better than tell you a story.
注:在 than 后的词的形式应和 than 前的一致,句中前面是 can do,后面只能说(can)tell,不能说(can)to tell. 他例 如 It is better to win than to lose. I'd rather stay at home than go for a walk.

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234. 错误显然是在你那一边.
[误] The fault clearly lies at your side.
[正] The fault clearly lies with your side. 注:在不及物动词 lie 后可接用各种各样的介词,惟含义各有不同,如 Sheets of paper lie about the room.(纸张散满一 屋.)The vilage lie across the river.(村庄在河的对岸.)Accusation of theft lay against him.(控他以盗窃罪.) The path lies along a stream.(小路沿溪.)The hot springs lie among pretty scenery.(温泉在风光明媚之中.) The blame lies at his door.(错在他.)A happy future lies before you.(幸福就在你前面.)What mystery lay behind the disappearance of the girl (少女失踪的后面潜在着什么神秘 )The truth lies between extremes.(真理 存于两个极端之间.)He has the MSS lying by him for the next number.(下一期的原稿在他那里.)The charm of travel lies in its new experiences.(旅行的妙趣在于新奇的经历.)The ship is lying off the mouth of the river.(船 停在河口以外.)The book lies on the floor.(书在地上.)A white mist lay over London.(伦敦为白雾笼罩.)The person lies under the suspicion of corruption.(那人有受贿的嫌疑.)The choice lies with you.(任你选择.)在 lie 后面接介词 with 时,意为"是...的义务","是...的责任",他例如 It lies with you to decide.(决定的责任在你.你有义务来 作决定.取决于你.)It lies with you to accept or reject the proposal.(接受或拒绝那个建议就全看你了.)The fault does not lie with the government officials.(责任不在政府官员.)

235. 那房间是用电力照明的.
[误] The room is lighted with electricity.
[正] The room is lighted by [means of] electricity. . The room is lighted with electric lamps.
注:用于无形的手段时要用 by,所以与抽象名词连用,但用于有形的手段时则用 with,所以与普通名词连用.electricity 为抽 象名词,electric lamps 为普通名词.

236. 你是怎么认识他的
[误] How you come to know him
[正] How come you to know him
注:惯用法在 come to do 的问句中,要将 do,did 等发问的虚词略去,这是古来的传统.但在现今的口语中可说 How did you come to know him 美国口语还可以说 How come you didn't say anything (你为何一言不发 )

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237. 我从小就认识他.
[误] I have known him since a child.
[正] I have known him from a child. . I have known him since his childhood.
注:从过去某一时期到现在为止,英语要用现在完成时态,介词就用 since,但有时不说"迄"(till)也可以说"起"(from)的, 即用"from + 普通名词"代替"since + 抽象名词".但在 from 后也同样可接抽象名词,所以不说 He has been blind since childhood,而说 He has been blind from childhood. 也是一样.

238. 他有自己的一幢房子.
[误] He has his own house.
[正] He has a house of his own.
注:英语的属格代名词(Possessive Pronouns)有两种形式,普通的形式为 my 等,后必须接名词如 my book,绝对的形式 为 mine(=my book)等,是为避免重复地说那名词而采用的,例如 Your house is larger than mine (=my house).在属 格代名词的前面如再加指示代名词时,即在 my book 前再加 this,that,a,some,any,no 等字样时,普通的形式便得改 为绝对的形式,以避免指示代名词与属格代名词连在一起.三百年前的英语是可以连用的,即可以说 this my book,而现代英 语则必须改为 this book of mine 才行.反身属格(Reflexive Possessive)的 my own,your own,his own 等,也要采 用绝对的形式,因为现代英语已不说 He has that his own house. 或 She has some her own reasons. 而必须改成 He has that house of his own. 或 She has some reasons of her own.

239. 他是我父亲的朋友.
[误] He is a friend of my father.
[正] He is a friend of my father's.
注:名词前面的属格,可代定冠词用,如 my brother's wife=the wife of my brother. 又 my brother's friends=(all) the friends of my brother. 如果不是指某一个特定的人或几个人时,则须用不定冠词 (a),那是不能用属格来代替的,即是用 了属格,还得有不定冠词,但我们又不能说 my brother's a friend. 或 a my brother's friend,所以只好说 a friend of my brother's. 这种表现法所含有的意味是 a friend (that is) my brother's 或 one of my brother's friends. 这便是英语 的双重属格的由来.

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240. 该校有三千名学生.
[误] The school has three thousand students.
[正] There are three thousand students in the school.
注:英语动词 have 有三义1)物质上的所有,如 I have a lot of friends. (2)身心上的具有:如 I have a poor memory. (3)构成上的含有:如 A week has seven days = There are seven days in a week. 例句中的 have 与 (3)相似,但仍是似是而非,因学校是一个地点,不是机构,学校与学生的关系,不是不可分离的,不像星期少了一天就不 成.还有 "there + be"愿意为"存在",存在于某处,因而变成"有"的意思. p127 This is a really marvellous job! Thanks for your keen effort! Come on! We are waiting for more!


241. 他们的希望全部破灭了.
[误] Their hope fell to 0.
[正] Their hope fell to zero.
注:zero 作数字时,在科技文章中普遍用作表示0,但在日常生活中,英国英语常把 0 叫作 naught,或 nil,美国英语往往叫 作 zero.在 zero 用作比喻用法时,表示"希望破灭","完全没有",不能写作0.


242. 你有必要这样去做.
[误] It is necessary of you to do so.
[正] It is necessary for you to do so.
注:一个形容词可以用来指"行为",又可以用来指"行为者",如 kind, good, foolish, nice, careful, careless 这类皆是.这 种形容词可以接用 of 来造句,如 It is kind of you. (行为)= You are kind. (行为者).另外有些形容词,只能用来指"行 为",不能用来指"行为者",如 necessary, impossible, inconvenient, unbearable 这类皆是.这种形容词是不可以接用 of 来造句的,它只能接用 for,例如 It is necessary for you to go. 而不能说 You are necessary to go.

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243. 那囚犯的处死引起了诸多公众谴责.
[误] The prisoner's execution has caused a lot of public censure.
[正] The execution of the prisoner has caused a lot of public censure. 注:英语的属格有两种用法:一为主格作用 (Subjective Possessive).一为宾格作用 (Objective Possessive).例如 She has come to sing his praise. (她来赞美他.)是宾格作用.She doesn't want his praise.(她不要他赞美.)是主格作 用.说 his praise(他的赞美)用作主格作用是不会有误解的,但说 his praise(赞美他)用作宾格作用,把属格变成了宾格, 就令人费解了.这两种作用在文字上是没有分别的,读者要从意义上才能加以辩明.如上例句中所说的 the prisoner's execution,意为处死囚犯,当然是宾格作用,因为被人处死,是被动,决不可能变成囚犯自己处死的,所以不能说成 the prisoner's execution,只能改用 of 的造句而说成 the execution of the prisoner,因为用 of 的造句多是表宾格作用的,例 如 the choice of him=the act of choosing him.(选择他).如说 his choice=the person or thing he has chosen(他 所选定的人或物),就是主格作用了.


244. 战争结束后他就留洋了.
[误] After the war being over, he went abroad.
[正] The war being over, he went abroad.
注:在 Absolute Participle 的前面不要再加连词或介词.改正后的句子是属于 Written English 方面的,如改为 Sopken English,则为 After the war was over, he went abroad.

245. 虽然他病了好几年,现在却完全好了.
[误] Though having been ill for years, he is now quite well.
[正] After having been ill for years, he is now quite well. . Having been ill for years, he is now quite well.
注:though 是连词,只能用于连结两个从句(clause).句中 having been ill for years,不是一个从句,至多前面只能用 介词 after,或根本什么都不要

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246. 今天的青年喜欢跳舞.
[误] The youth of today is fond of dancing.
[正] The youth of today are fond of dancing.
注:youth 前面加冠词 the 表示复数概念"青年人们",是集合名词,词尾不加 s.这时谓语动词常用复数形式.这些名词主要 有:cattle, people, police, youth 等.接在这些名词之后的谓语动词要用复数,指代它们的代词也要用复数.如果要表示以上 这些名词的单数,可分别说成 a cow, a person, a polikcman 和 a young person.a youth 的意思是 a young man(一 个男青年).

247. 一到新加坡,我的朋友就在机场等我.
[误] On arriving at Singapore, my friend was waiting for me at the airport.
[正] On arriving at Singapore, I found my friend waiting for me at the airport.
注:凡是带有介词的动名词,或是单独的分词,必须有一个意义上的主语,来配合这个动作.到达新加坡的是"我",而主句中的 主语却是"我的朋友",动作不能配合,所以是错误的.介词 before 与 after 的情形和 on 一样,故下面的两句也是错的: After finishing his work, I paid him. Before reading the text, the vocabulary should be learned.

248. 无知与疏忽是这错误的原因.
[误] Ignorance and negligence have caused this mistake.
[正] Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.
注:两个以上的主语用 and 连起来表示一个单纯的目的或观念时,动词要用单数才对.他例如 Truth and honesty is always the best policy. Slow and steady wins the race. Bread and butter is his abomination.

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249. 麦饼比米饼便宜.
[误] A cake made of wheat costs less than that made of rice.
[正] A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.
注:that 是从 the 变来的,属于定冠词的范围之内,所以它只能代表有定冠词的单数名词,如 The cost of oil is less than that of gas. 但凡是有不定冠词的单数名词,就不能用 that 代表,只能用 one 代表,如上举的两个例句ne=a cake,而 that=the cost.对于有定冠词的单数名词,也并不一定非用 that 代表不可,如 The step you have taken is that of much risk. 一句中的 that 就错了,应改为 one 才对,因为在动词 is 后应接 a step,所以只能用 one 代表.

250. 学生们在星期六晚上要去参加一个舞会.
[误] The students are going to a dance party on Saturday night.
[正] The students are going to a dance on Saturday night.
注:舞会应该说 dancing party,不要说 dance party,但一般只说 dance 也就够了.开舞会就说 give a dance,去参加舞 会就说 go to a dance.那旅馆每晚举行舞会:At the hotel dances are held nightly. 我第一次遇见她是在一个舞会上: She and I first met at a dance. 他们请我参加舞会:They asked me to a dance. 规模较大的舞会,英语又可说 ball,是 从拉丁文来的.

251. 这机器要修理.
[误] The machine wants to repair.
[正] The machine wants to be repaired. . The machine wants repairing. 注:动词 want 也和动词 need 一样,后接动名词时要用主动,后接不定式时才可以用被动,用主动便错了.如果以人做主语, 也就可以用主动的不定式了,同时也可接被动的不定式,例如 He wants to buy a watch. He wants to be notified beforehand

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252. 苹果坏了四分之三.
[误] Three-fourths of the apples was ruined.
[正] Three-fourths of the apples were ruined.
注:英语以分数为主语时,由其后接的名词决定动词的单复数,例句中的 apples 为复数,故动词应改为复数的 were.但 Three-fourths of the crop was ruined.(四分之三的收成都毁了.)

253. 猫把家里的老鼠一扫而光.
[误] The cat cleared off rats from the house.
[正] The cat cleared the house of rats. . The cat swept rats out of the house.
注:用动词 clear 时,其形式为"clear + 地点 + of + 物",如用 sweep 时,则为"sweep + 物 + out of + 地点".

254. 昨夜他喝得大醉.
[误] He was much drunken last night.
[正] He was much drunk last night.
注:drunken 是一个限定形容词,只能用在名词前,如 a drunken man(醉人),不能作叙述形容词用.

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255. 到公园去怎样走
[误] How shall I go to the park
[正] What way shall I take to get to the park
注:How shall I go 是问怎样去法,如坐出租车去,坐公共汽车去,或坐三轮车去之类.问路应说 What way 才对.

256. 全家人在九点钟上教堂去做礼拜.
[误] The family go to the church at 9 o'clock.
[正] The family goes to church at 9 o'clock.
注:把全家人看做一个整体,即一家人,应该接用单数动词."去做礼拜",英语应说 go to church,如果加了冠词说成 go to the church,便不是去做礼拜,而只是去参观礼拜堂的建筑.同样"上学读书"是 go to school,如说 go to the school,便是 指校舍而言,与读书无关.

257. 他的女儿嫁给一个阔人.
[误] His daughter married to a rich man.
[正] His daughter married a rich man. . His daughter was married to a rich man.
注:中国话的"嫁"或"娶",英语都是 marry.此外,"主婚"也是 marry,例如 She is married to a foreigner.(她嫁给一个外国人.)He married a wife last year.(他在去年娶了妻.)He has been married two years.(他结婚两年了.)He wshed to marry his daughter to a peer.(他希望把女儿嫁给一个贵族.)The clergyman married Mary Jones to John Smith.(牡师主持玛莉和约翰的婚礼.)

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祝福兄弟

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236. 你是怎么认识他的
[误] How you come to know him
[正] How come you to know him
现在很少看到有人是这么用的。

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258. 日暮途穷.
[误] The day is falling and the road is coming to an end.
[正] The night is falling and the road is coming to an end.
注:我们说的"日"英语应译作"夜".汉语的"日暮"除译作 The night is falling 外,又可译成 the night is closing in,或 night is coming(on),或 it is getting dark.汉语的"途穷",除如上照字面译出的以外,又可译为 no road ahead,或意译 为 straitened, in poor circumstances 等.

259. 她的服装不大入时.
[误] Her dress does not conform to the fashion.
[正] Her dress does not conform with the fashion.
注:conform to (custom),从(俗),依照(习惯),是有意志的,至于 conform with (custom),(与习惯)相合,是无 意志的.例如 Conform to the custom of the land,入国随俗.Your conduct does not conform with the custom. 你 的行为不合习惯.

260. 如你所知道的,人生常比做航海.
[误] As you know, life is often compared with a voyage.
[正] As you know, life is often compared to a voyage.
注:同种类的东西相比用 compare with,不同种类的东西相比,则要用 compare to,例句中 life 与 voyage 完全不同种 类,故用 compare to 方合

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261. 她入不敷出.
[误] Her expenditures do not correspond with her income.
[正] Her expenditures do not correspond to her income.
注:correspond to (something),相当,相称,相配.corrspond with(each other),一致,符合.例如 The punishment should correspond to the offence.(刑罚应与犯罪相当.)This house exactly corresponds with my needs.(这房子正合我意.)又 correspond with,可作通信解,如 We have corresponded with each other for several years.(我们通信有好几年了.)

262. 这台缝纫机是中国制造的.
[误] This sewing-machine is Chinese make.
[正] This sewing-machine is of Chinese make.
注:说何国制造而用 make 时,必须带有 of 的字样,如 of Chinese(English, American, Japanese) make,但如用 made 时则说 Chinese made 或 made in China,不要再加 of,如说 manufacture 也是要有 of 的,如 of Chinese manufacture(中国制造).

263. 马可波罗以一二五四年生于威尼斯一个商人的家里.
[误] Marco Polo was born in 1254 at a Venetian merchant family.
[正] Marco Polo was born in 1254 into a Venetian merchant family.
注:说生于什么人家,即俗称投生于某家,故英语要用 into,不用 at.他例如 No man is born into this world whose work is not born with him.(James Russel Lowell).如果是指由什么人即父母而生,则要用 of,例如 He was born of Chinese parents(of humble parentage, of poor fisherfolk in Holland 等).但家庭在这种意义之下即可用 of,例如 He was born of a wealthy (noble, good) family. 又 But in every child born of man lurks some of greatness --- waiting for the food.(H. G. Wells) 生于什么人家,有时又可译成 to 字,例如 She was born to the purple; diamonds suited her. 这个 to 是指的对象,如 Two children were born to them.(他们生有两个孩子.)Mark Twain was born to Samuel Langhorne Clemens, in Florida, Mo. November 30, 1835.(马克吐温以1835年11月30日,于米苏里洲佛罗 利达市,作为桑米朗洪克来门斯的儿子而出生的.)

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264. 那种音乐在青年中很流行.
[误] That music is popular with the youngs.
[正] That music is popular with the young.
注:如 young 一类的形容词前面加上定冠词 the,就变成名词,它表示所有这一类的人.这样的名词必须是单数形式,但动词 一定是复数.在英语中,像 the young 这类的表达形式并不多.最常见的有 the blind, the deaf, the sick, the mentally ill, the poor, the unemployed, the old, the dead, the rich, the clever,等等.

265. 你们写一篇短文,两小时交卷.
[误] Write a short essay and you must hand it in in two hours.
[正] Write a short essay and hand it in in two hours
注:误句前后语气不一致,前一句用的是祈使句,第二个分句改用了陈述语气.应该使前后一致.可以把两个分句都改为祈使语 气,或都改为陈述语气.
266. 可怜的佃农骨瘦如柴.
[误] The poor tenant is as thin as a piece of firewood.
[正] The poor tenant is as lean as a rake.
注:rake(耙子)是一种长把,下端有一排直片状的齿,用来收集枯叶和疏松土壤的工具.英国人认为用它来形容瘦才形象.

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267. 好吧,我告诉你.但你必须守口如瓶.
[误] OK,I'll tell you, on condition that you keep it as a bottle.
[正] OK,I'll tell you, on condition that you be as dumb as an oyster.
注:牡蛎是一种类似于蚌的水生有壳动物.秘密在一个嘴巴闭得像牡蛎一样紧的人那里是再安全不过了.英国是一个岛国,牡蛎 在那里十分常见,所以才有这样的比喻.

268. 在他看来,她的美沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花.
[误] In his eyes, her beauty would make fishes sink, wild geese fall, moon an flowers hide for shame.
[正] In his eyes, her beauty would put the flowers to shame.
注:"沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花"典出我国古代的四大美女,直译出来大多数外国人难以理解,所以不如选择一个他们容易理解的词, 而不必重复.

269. 瓮中之鳖
[误] a tortoise in an urn
[正] a rat in a hole
注:英语中原本就有 a rat in a hole(洞中之鼠)的说法,与我们的"瓮中之鳖"意思一样,所以不妨一借.

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270. 中国政府正在施行稳健的货币政策.
[误] The Chinese government is launching a steady monetary policy.
[正] The Chinese government is launching a sound monetary policy.
注:"稳健"不仅指 steady 所包含的"稳定,扎实",而且还有"合理,健康"的意思.而 sound 做形容词时有"合理的,明智的, 稳妥的"等意思,用在这里十分贴切.


271. 经她的一番添油加醋,这件事情的性质竟被完全改变了.
[误] After her adding oil and vinegar to this affair, the nature of the whole matter has been completly altered.
[正] After her adding highly colored details to this affair, the nature of the whole matter has been completely altered.
注:"油"和"醋"都是中国菜的重要调料,加了它们,菜的味道就不一样了.但西餐与中餐完全不同,所以在这里采取直译的方法会使不了解中国饮食文化的西方人无法理解.

272. 我的表妹玛丽总觉得很孤单,我想这可能是因为她是个独生子女.
[误] My cousin Mary often feels lonely; I supose it's because she is a single child.
[正] My cousin Mary often feels lonely; I suppose it's because she is an only child.
注nly child 是一个固定搭配,而且 only 强调"唯一,只有一个",而 single 常用于指"单身的".例如:Mary is single(玛 丽还没有成家).

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273. 同时爱上海伦使这两个好朋友成了情敌.
[误] Falling in love with Helen simultaneously makes these two good friends become competitors in love.
[正] Falling in love with Helen simultaneously makes these two good friends become rivals in love.
注:rival in love 是固定搭配.而且,competitor 多用于比赛等特定环境中的竞争对手,而 rival 的使用范围则较为宽泛与笼 统.例如:business rival(商业上的竞争对手);a violinist without rivals(无与伦比的小提琴家)等.

274. 弱肉强食是自然法则.
[误] It's the law of nature for the stronger to eat the weaker.
[正] The law of jungle is the law of nature.
注:the law of jungle(丛林法则)就是"胜者为王"或"弱肉强食".它形象,贴切,又不乏想象空间,比照字面直译更深刻地把 握了原文的内涵.又如:"人生的机遇是可遇而不可求的"就可以译为 Life is something of a lottery.因为拿彩票来比喻变幻 莫测的人生是再贴切不过了.

275. 他的理论没有科学根据.
[误] His theory has no scientific base.
[正] His theory has no scientific basis.
注:base 和 basis 虽然都有"基础"的含义,但 base 指物质上的,具体的"基础",常表示"基地"或"根据地",如:After bombing the targets, the planes returned safely to their base;而 basis 则指理论,信念,思想或某项工作所依据的抽 象的"基础"或"根据".

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276. 如果你早将这些蔬菜放进冰箱里的话,它们就不会变黄了.
[误] If you had put these vegetables in the refrigerator earlier, they wouldn't have turned yellow.
[正] If you had put these vegetables in the refrigerator earlier, they wouldn't have rusted.
注:英语中用 rust(生锈)来描述蔬菜因失去水分和营养而变黄的状态.

277. 许多无名小国成了洗钱的天堂.
[误] Many small nabeless countries have become the heaven of money-washing.
[正] Many small nameless countries have become the heaven of money-laundering.
注:launder 的原意是"洗涤衣服",但后来被引申为"洗黑钱",即把来路不正的钱弄得貌似合法.

278. 他经历了一场刻骨铭心的网恋.
[误] He experienced an unforgettable net love.
[正] He experienced an unforgettable cyber love.
注:net 多实指,表示"网"或"网状物",但"计算机网络"却不用它表达,而用 cyber 或 web.如:网吧(cyber cafe),网友 (cyber acquaintance),网迷)(web fan),网站(web site)等.

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279. 我们一开始都把总裁当成了普通员工.
[误] We all took the president as an ordinary employee at first.
[正] We all took the president for an ordinary employee at first. 注:"take...for..."是"误把......当成......"的意思,而"take...as..."则表示"把......当......看待",如:He took what she said as a compliment(他把她的话看作是恭维).

280. 这辆车的后窗玻璃上写着"教练车".
[误] There is a sign on the rear window of the car, saying "coach car". [正] There is a sign on the rear window of the car, saying "student car".
注:student 用作定语时可以表示"实习的",所以"教练车"应用 student car 表示.

281. 你还教育起我来了!
[误] How dare you educate me.
[正] How dare you lecture me. 注:educate 虽然指"教育",但不能表达原文"教育"中"教训"的含义.lecture 常做名词,如 give a lecture(讲课,演讲), 做动词时则有"训诫,说教"的意思,正好符合原义

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282. 人的贪欲是个无底洞.
[误] Human greed is a bottomless hole.
[正] Human greed is a bottomless pit.
注:bottomless hole 是典型的"中式英语",因为地道的说法是 bottomless pit.而且 pit 有"深渊"的意思,也更能表达原 义.

283. 会上有许多观众.
[误] There was a large number of audience at the meeting.
[正] There was a large audience at the meeting.
注:audience 是集合名词,为"观众"的总称.所以"观众多"应说 a large audience,"观众少"则应说 a small audience.又 如:An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV(百万观众在电视上观看皇家婚礼).

284. 音乐会很成功.我是昨天在报上看到这则消息的.
[误] The concert was a great success. I saw the news on the paper yesterday. [正] The concert was a great success. I saw the news in the paper yesterday. 注:"登在报上"应用 in a newspaper,而"写在纸上"则用 on paper.注意,paper 前没有冠词.如lease put the notes on paper(请把笔记记在纸上).

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285. 抗日战争是1937年爆发的.
[误] The Anti-Japanese War was broken out in 1937.
[正] The Aunti-Japanese War broke out in 1937.
注:break out(战争等的爆发)是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态.类似的还有 happen, belong, disappear, fail, take place 等.

286. 你认为这本小说怎么样
[误] How do you think of the novel
[正] What do you think of the novel /How do you like the novel
注:what do you think of 相当于 what's your opinion of, 而英语中无 how do you think of sth.的说法.

287. 在会上他做了一个总结,主要意思如下......
[误] He made a final report at the meeting. The main idea is as follow...
[正] He made a final report at the meeting. The main idea is as follows...
注:as follows 是个习语,不管后面要讲的内容有几项,follow 后面一律加s.

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288. 请坐在座位上,不要出声.
[误] Please sit quietly in your seats.
[正] Please sit quiet in your seats.
注:sit 表状态时相当于联系动词,后面应接形容词.又如:Aunt Marry likes sitting idle(玛丽姑妈总喜欢呆坐着).

289. 凯文是几兄弟中最热心的.
[误] Kevin is the most warm-hearted of his brothers.
[正] Kevin is the most warm-hearted of all the sons in the family. /Kevin is more warm-hearted than any of his brothers.
注:"his brothers"并不包括凯文本人,所以用最高级不正确.

290. 不要打扰他的工作,他正忙着呢.
[误] Don't interfere in his work. He is very busy now.
[正] Don't interfere with his work. He is very busy now.
注:interfere with 才是"打扰,妨碍"的意思,而 interfere in 却表示"干涉".如:This country is always interfering in the internal affairs of other countries.(这个国家总是干涉他国的内政).

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291. 首先,你必须努力工作.
[误] At first, you must work hard.
[正] First, you must work hard.
注:at first 指"起初,开始的时候",如:At first I found this question very difficult, but finally I managed to answer it(一开始我觉得这个问题很难回答,不过最后我还是答出来了);first 才是指"首先".又如:First, let me introduce myself(首先,请允许我介绍一下我自己).

292. 他们走到病床前,只见她脸黄黄的.
[误] They came to her sickbed and found her looking yellow.
[正] They came to her sickbed and found her looking pale and unwell.
注:显然,这句话如果直译外国人多半不懂,因为他们的肤色与我们的不同.所以应该直接把虚弱和病态表达出来,而不拘泥于 原文.

293. 她的工作就是收发信件.
[误] Her job is to receive and send letters.
[正] Her job is to send and receive letters.
注:我们用"收发",而英国人是先"发"再"收".英文的语序与中文常常相反,又如:"衣食无忧"是 not worry about food or clothing;"迟早"是 sooner or later;"不论贫富"是 no matter rich or poor;"不管死活"应该翻译成 care little about one's life or death

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294. 镇上的男男女女都爱打听人家的闲事儿.
[误] Women and men in the town are curious about others' private affairs.
[正] Men and women in the town are curious about others' private affairs.
注:值得注意的是,此处的"男男女女"中英文词序一致.另外,英文的 ladies and gentlemen 翻译成汉语与是"女士"在前.

295. 小心,病从口入!
[误] Beware! Disease comes from the mouth.
[正] Beware! A close mouth catches no flies.
注:这又体现了中英文思维角度的差异.一个是"入",一个是"挡".虽然说法不同,但都十分形象.

296. 他对什么都无所谓了 ---死猪不怕开水烫嘛!
[误] He cares about nothing ---a dead pig never fears boiling water. [正] He cares about nothing ---a dead mouse feels no cold.
注:"死猪不怕开水烫"是一句十分形象的中国俗语,它在英语中也有对应表达,只不过喻体变成了"老鼠",但也很妙哦!

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297. 苦尽甘来.
[误] Sweet comes after bitterness.
[正] After rain comes the sunshine.
注:也许是中国人受饮食文化的影响,他们的比喻用"甜"和"苦";而在天气多变的英国,人们更习惯用"风雨"和"阳光"做比吧!

298. 让我们详细讨论一下这个问题吧.
[误] Let's discuss this matter in details.
[正] Let's discuss this matter in detail.
注:in detail 一起相当于一个副词,指"详细地";而 in details 中,details 是名词,指"细节".所以,上面的句子也可以表达 为 Let's discuss the details of this matter 或 Let's go/enter into details.

299. 那位有钱的女人从头到脚都珠光宝气的.
[误] That rich woman is covered with jewellery from head to foot. [正] That rich woman is covered with jewellery from top to toe.
注:虽然人有十个脚趾,但英语的"从头到脚"却要用单数的 toe 来表达,这也是约定俗成的问题.

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300. 困境之中,我们需要能人帮助.
[误] We need a capable person to help us in time of difficulties.
[正] We need a capable person to help us in times of difficulties. 注:time 是指"时间,时候,时刻",而表示"境况"要用 times.又如:What a times you'll have doing that(干那事可够 你受的);hard times(艰难时世).times 还可表示"时代",如:What wonderful times we live in(我们生活在多么了 不起的时代啊).

301. 她可是当时有名的交际花.
[误] She was then a famous social flower.
[正] She was then a famous social butterfly.
注:我们中国人觉得"交际花"十分贴切,但直译成英文却会让人感到另据.butterfly 才是地道的英国说法呢.

302. 他逞酒后之勇说出了真相.
[误] He told the truth with the wine courage.
[正] He told the truth with the Dutch courage.
注:以前英国与荷兰关系紧张,所以英语中有很多讥讽荷兰人的说法,此处就是一例.因为英国人曾一度以为荷兰人都受酗酒, 所以 Dutch courage 就成了"酒后之勇"的代名词.

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303. 我笑得肚子都痛了.
[误] I laughed until my belly ached.
[正] I laughed my head off.
注:在这里,英语表达可够夸张的 ---头都笑掉了!如果说汉语表达还合乎情理,那么这里的英文主要是起修辞效果了.

304. 那好时光却只是昙花一现.
[误] The good days were only the display of broad-leaved epiphyllum. [正] The good days were only a nine days' wonder.
注:"昙花一现"在中文里是个成语,它在英文中的表达也是约定俗成的.你可以用 a nine days' wonder,也可以用 a flash in the pan,你甚至可以说 last briefly.但象上面的那样的直译却是典型的中式英语,会贻笑大方的.

305. 我那骄傲的邻居居然被三岁小孩愚弄了,真是自己打自己的嘴巴. [误] My arrogant neighbor was fooled by a three-year-old child. It's really like beating his own face.
[正] My arrogant neighbor was fooled by a three-year-old child, and he had to eat crow.
注:eat drow(吃乌鸦)是个地道的美国口语,它指"做使自己丢脸的事",如"被迫收回成命或承认错误"等.用在这里既能准确 表达愿意,又十分地道.

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306. 要使中国的农民富起来不是短时期内能办到的事.
[误] It is not a matter that can be settled in a short period of time to make Chinese farmers rich.
[正] It is not a matter that can be settled in a short period of time to improve Chinese farmers' living conditions.
注:在英语中,rich 是一种很高的生活水准,要相当富有.很显然,这里的"富起来"远谈不上 rich,只是生活有所提高的意思, 即 have some improvement.此处把 rich 换成 better-off 也可以.

307. 经过一年的刻苦钻研,琳达取得了很大成就.
[误] Linda has made great achievements after one year's hard research.
[正] Linda has had/recorded/scored great achievements after one year's hard research.
注:"取得成就"的固定搭配是"have/record/score achievements",而"make achievements"却不是地道的英文说法,我们 常用的是 make progress.

308. 学校是学生学知识的殿堂.
[误] School is a palace where students learn knowledge.
[正] School is a palace where students acquire/attain knowledge.
注:learn 后一般只接具体的学习内容,如 learn English(学英语),learn to play basketball(学打篮球)等.但宽泛 的"学知识"不能用 learn,而应用 acquire/obtain knowledge,因为那才是地道的表达.

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309. 他向兔子开了枪,但还是让它逃脱了.
[误] He shot the rabbit but it managed to escape.
[正] He shot at the rabbit but it managed to escape.
注:shot 单独用有"射中"或"射死"的意思,用在这里显然前后矛盾.又如:She shot the wolf jumping on her(她射死了扑 向她的狼).shot at 才表示"朝......瞄准",而不管是否射中.

310. 许多媒体拒绝对这件丑闻发表意见.
[误] Many media refuse to express their opinions on this scandal.
[正] Many media refuse to comment on this scandal.
注:虽然 express one's opinion 和 comment on 都有发表意见的意思,但前者随意,后者正式.又如:Would you please express your opinion on this piece of essay (能说说你对这篇文章的看法吗 )

311. 最终,政府不得不对酒的生产和销售采取强硬政策.
[误] Eventually the government has to apply strong policies to alcohol producing and purchasing.
[正] Eventually the government has to apply tough policies to alcohol producing and purchasing.
注:这种错误源于对词义理解不准确."强硬"要用 tough 表达,而说一个人强壮应该用 strong.

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312. 爱玛省吃俭用,为的是攒钱买书.
[误] Emma saves food and expenses to accumulate more money for books.
[正] Emma lives frugally to save up more money for books.
注:save 是指"省下,把......存起来".我们常说 save time, save money 等,但"省吃俭用"是指把买食物的钱和其他花费都 存下来买书,这显然不能用 save food and expenses 表达,因为英语的 save food 是指"把食物存起来".

313. 伍德斯先生担心他的客人被风吹病了.
[误] Mr. Woodhouse was afraid that his guests might be blown sick by the wind.
[正] Mr. Woodhouse was afraid that his guests might fall ill because of exposure to the wind.
注:sick 是自己感到不舒服,所以"被风吹病"一说会令英国人觉得很荒谬.

314. 茶树在这片山地上长得很好.
[误] Tea trees grow well in these mountain fields.
[正] Tea grows well in these mountain fields.
注:"茶树","果树"等在翻译成英语时常常省略 tree,因为这些词本身就包含"树"的意思.如 orange(橘子树),banana (香蕉树)等.

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315. 淡季生意不好做.
[误] It's hard to do business in light seasons.
[正] It's hard to do business in slack seasons.
注:"淡"在英语中往往不用 light 表示.又如:"淡茶"(weak tea),"淡水"(fresh water)等.

316. 这可是件大事!
[误] This is a big thing!
[正] This is an important matter!
注:big thing 是指"体积大的东西",而"大事"是指"重要的事情",它也可以用 major issue 来表达.所以中文的"大"不一定对 应英文的"big",如:"大雾"的表达就是"thick fog".

317. 该停机检查故障了.
[误] It is time that we stop the machine and find the trouble.
[正] It is time that we stopped the machine and found the trouble.
注:It is time that...表示"是......的时候了",其后的从句应采用过去时态,这是虚拟语气的要求.

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318. 今天我要到叔叔家拜年.
[误] I'll go to visit my uncle and say "Happy New Year" to him today.
[正] I'll pay a New Year call to my uncle today.
注:"拜年"用英文怎么说一定难倒了很多人.第一句译文不是不对,而是没有后一句好."拜年"还可以被说成 wish sb. a Happy New Year,如:Auntie, we've come to wish you a Happy New Year(大妈,我们给您拜年来了).

319. 近几年我国的第三产业增长很快.
[误] For the latest couple of years the third industry in our country has been developing very rapidly.
[正] For the latest couple of years the tertiary industry in our country has been developing very rapidly.
注:"第一产业"是 the primary industry,"第二产业"是 the secondary industry,但"第三产业"不是 the third industry, 而是 the tertiary industry.其实,tertiary 与 third 是同义的,都是"第三"的意思,这样用只是约定俗成.另外,"第三产 业"还可以说成 the service industry,因为第三产业主要指服务业.

320. 适当保持低调是维护好的公众形象的窍门.
[误] To keep an adequately low tone is a tip to maintain good public impression.
[正] To be adequately low-keyed is a tip to maintain good public impression. 注:tone 指"音调"或"口气",是实指.如:She always speaks with a rising tone(她讲话总是用升调).而这里的"低 调"是"不张扬"的意思,应用 low-keyed 或 low-key.如:The wedding is a very low-key affair/The wedding is very low-keyed(婚礼办得很低调).

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321. 恭喜发财.
[误] May you become wealthy.
[正] May you be prosperous. /Wish you all the best.
注:"恭喜发财"是句祝福语,不能直译,应按照英语的习惯.

322. 他不得不口是心非地夸她的晚装很漂亮.
[误] He had to say "yes" in the mouth but "no" in the heart when he praised her for her beautiful dress.
[正] He had to say "yes" but mean "no" when he praised her for her beautiful dress.
注:第二句更为地道简洁.

323. 他俩上中学时堕入爱河,那时被别人称作早恋,但十年后他们竟真的结为夫妻了.
[误] They fell in love with each other when they were middle school students, and that was called "early love" by others. But ten years later, they actually get married.
[正] They fell in love with each other when they were middle school students, and that was called "puppy love" by others. But ten years later, they actually get married.
注:"早恋"指未成年男女过早地涉足爱情,它一般被认为是不成熟和不宜提倡的.在英语中,"早恋"的地道说法是 puppy love 或 calf love.如:He is mad about his biology teacher, but it's only puppy love.

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341. 这件事告诉我们,他并不像我们想象的那样诚实.
[误] This tells us that he is not so honest as we thought.
[正] This shows that he is not so honest as we thought.
注:中文用的是拟人的修辞手法,但在这句话上英国人很较真,他们认为"事情"是不会像人一样开口说话的,只能 show(表 明).

342. 玛丽姨妈最喜欢喝花茶了,所以妈妈让我多带些给她.
[误] Flower tea is Aunt Mary's favorite, so Mom asked me to bring a lot to her.
[正] Scented tea is Aunt Mary's favorite, so Mom asked me to bring a lot to her.
注:"花茶"的地道说法是 scented tea,但有些具体的花茶有它们自己的名称,如"茉莉花茶"就是 jasmine tea.

343. 如果不解决这些人的生活问题,社会就无法安定.
[误] There will be no social stability unless these peopl's living problems have been solved.
[正] There will be no social stability unless these people's daily needs have been met/satisfied.
注:living problems 会让人误以为是"住房问题",译成problems of livelihood 又太抽象了.其实这里的"解决生活问题"就是 满足日常生活的需要,而英语中的 meet/satisfy the daily needs 正是这个意思的地道说法

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350. 母细胞和子细胞
[误] mother sells and son cells
[正] parent cells and daughter cells
注:这是约定俗成的用法.

351. 人和动物不同,是有理性的.
[误] Man, different from animals, is a rational being.
[正] Man, different from other animals, is a rational being.
注:我们平常所说的"动物"是狭义的,不包括人,而且把人称作动物无异于在骂人.但英语的 animal 却是广义的,包括人,所 以上面的句子应该加 other 才严谨,正确.

352. 那天晚上,这男子喝得烂醉如泥,连回家的路都找不着了.
[误] That night, the man was as drunk as mud and even lost his way home.
[正] That night, the man was as drunk as a fiddler and even lost his way home. 注:中文用"稀泥"来形容醉得很厉害,而英文却用"小提琴"来比喻醉汉.据说以前的提琴手所得的报酬是酒而不是钱,因此常常 是不醉不归.了解了这一典故以后,这个英语说法也就不难记忆了.

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353. 这农民还上诉,简直是以卵击石.
[误] Lodging an appeal, the farmer is no less than hurling an egg against a rock.
[正] Lodging an appeal, the farmer is no less than kicking against the pricks. 注rick 指"(赶牲畜用的)刺棒".牲畜挨了打,气得踢那根用来打它的刺棒,这不是明显的自讨苦吃吗 kick against the pricks 来自《圣经》故事,可算是历史悠久,而且与我们的"以卵击石"有异曲同工之妙.

354. 天网恢恢,逃逸了两年之久的罪犯终于落网了.
[误] The web of God is so broad that the criminal who had been away for as long as two years was finally caught.
[正] The mills of God grind slowly and the criminal who had been away for as long as two years was finally caught.
注:"天网恢恢"后面常省略"疏而不漏",它是指法律的效力无处不在,犯罪分子必将受到惩罚.相同的意思,而英文却用"上帝的 磨碾得极慢(但却很细)"来表达.

355. 天完全黑了,可怜的姑娘掩面而泣,不知道去哪里寻找走失的妹妹. [
误] It was completely dark, and the poor girl cried with her face covered, not knowing where to find her lost sister.
[正] It was completely dark, and the poor girl put the finger in her eyes, not knowing where to find her lost sister.
注:"掩面而泣"在英语中有一个固定表达,即 put the finger in one's eyes.它来自莎翁的创造,后来又在许多童谣中被引 述,广为流传,并成为习惯用语.

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356. 你不必担心,他是个知道分寸的人.
[误] You can rest assured. He is a man who knows inches and metres. [正] You can rest assured. He is a man who knows his distance.
注:"分寸"二字在中文里是指"说话或做事的恰当限度",它译成英文时不可直译.know one's distance 出自莎士比亚的《终成 眷属》,而且准确表达了原文的含义.

357. 在这里工作多年,她算是个了解内幕的人,因此告诉了我们许多鲜为人知的故事.
[误] Having worked here for many years, she is one of those who know what goes on behind the scenes, and is able to tell us a lot of things which are unknown to most people.
[正] Having worked here for many years, she is one of those who know the ropes, and is able to tell us a lot of things which are unknown to most people.
注:"内幕"翻译成 what goes on behind the scenes 固然没错,但 know the ropes 更简洁.我们还可以用 know the inside stories 表示相同的意思.

358. 叫他卷铺盖走人吧!
[误] Ask him to roll his quilt and go!
[正] Give him the sack! 注:"卷铺盖走人"和 give sb. the sack 都是"解雇"的意思,即"炒某人的鱿鱼",而且这两个表达在各自的文化背景中都十分形 象.sack 指"袋子",它表示"解雇"源于17世纪,而且来自法文.属口语用法.

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359. 他们的目光相遇了,两人从此坠入了爱河.
[误] Their eyesight met, and they fell in love with each other ever since.
[正] Their eyes met, and they fell in love with each other ever since.
注:"目光"不能用 eyesight 表达,因为 eyesight 只能指"视力",如:If you eat a lot of fish, you can have good eyesight(多吃鱼会使你的视力好).而 eye 不仅表示"视力",还可以指"眼光".如:a good eye for distance(能看很远的 好视力)和 She met his eye across the room(隔着房间,她与他的目光相遇了).

360. 自古以来人们就知道"伴君如伴虎".
[误] people have known that accompanying kings is just like accompanying tigers even since the ancient times.
[正] People have known that kings and bears often worry their keepers even since the ancient times.
注:第一句译文西方人未必明白其中的含义,而第二句不仅将原文的意思准确表达出来了,还按照英语的习惯,把君王比 作"熊",十分地道.

361. 左腿中弹以后,这位勇敢的士兵明白,在获救之前他只能咬紧牙关默默忍受了. [误] Being shot in the left leg, the brave soldier knew that he had to bite his teeth silently before getting rescued.
[正] Being shot in the left leg, the brave soldier knew that he had to bite the bullet silently before getting rescued.
注:我们用"咬紧牙关"来表达忍受痛苦,而英语中却用"咬住子弹"(bite the bullet).据说它源于以前战场上条件艰苦,连麻约 都没有,接受手术的士兵只有靠咬住子弹来使自己不至于疼得叫出声来.这一说法虽然惨烈了一点,但却具有极强的感染力.

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362. 你以为会凭空写出文章吗 你不能做无米之炊,所以还是先去搜集资料吧. [误] Do you think you could write something out of nothing You cannot make a meal without rice. So gather some information first!
[正] Do you think you could write something out of nothing You cannot make bricks without straw. So gather some information first!
注:米饭对西方人来说并不那么重要,所以把"无米之炊"直译成英文他们是无法理解的.英语中地道的说法是拿"砖"和"稻草"做 比喻,而且据说还有来自《圣经》的典故呢.

363. 她以前是个传统的中国女孩,可出国一年以后,也已经变成了一个地道的美国人.
[误] She was a traditional Chinese girl before, but after one year abroad, she has become a real American.
[正] She was a traditional Chinese girl before, but after one year abroad, she has become as American as apple pie.
注:"苹果馅饼"是典型的美国食品,用它来表达"地道的美国式"是再合适不过了.需要提醒大家注意的是,这里的 apple pie 虽 用单数,但前面却不加冠词,又如:It's as easy as pie(这太容易了).另外,这里不能用 a real American,因为她毕竟不 是美国人.但可以将 real 换成 typical.

364. 这个问题对我们来说虽然困难,但对一个数学专业的学生却易如反掌.
[误] The question, though difficult for us, is as easy as turning over his palm for a mathematics major.
[正] The question, though difficult for us, is as easy as winking for a mathematics major.
注:"易如反掌"在英语中却是"像眨眼睛一样地容易".它们虽然表达不同,但都贴切得让人叫绝.

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365. 虽然是双胞胎,但这两兄弟的性格却截然不同.
[误] Though the two brothers are twins, their dispositions are quite different. [正] Though the two brothers are twins, their dispositons are as like as chalk and cheese.
注:虽然是"不同",但却不用 different,而是用 alike(相同的).chalk 和 cheese 形似而实不同,这看似矛盾的措辞用在这 里倒能产生令人难忘的效果.

366. 在商场混迹多年,这人十分有钱,但却是个铁公鸡.
[误] Being in business for so many years, he has made a lot of money, but he is as mean as an iron cock.
[正] Being in business for so many years, he has made a lot of money, but he is as mean as a louse.
注:louse 指"虱子"或"寄生虫".这种不生物什么都要从别人身上索取,用它来比喻吝啬也是十分贴切的.

367. 叔叔给他带来了令他惊喜的礼物---一双崭新的皮鞋.
[误] His uncle has brought him a surprising gift---a pair of completely new shoes.
[正] His uncle has brought him a pleasantly surprising gift---a pair of brand new shoes.
注:surprising 只能表达"令人吃惊的",所以要忠实体现原文意思需要在前面加 pleasantly;"崭新"的地道说法是 brand new.

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368. 病人坐在里排的桌前吃饭,大粒的汗从额上滚下,夹袄也贴住了脊心,两块肩胛骨高高凸出,印成一个阳文的"八"字.
[误] The patient was sitting at the table by the wall, eating. Beads of sweat stood out on his forehead, his lined jacket was sticking to his spine, and his shoulder blades stuck out so sharply, an "eight" seemed stamped there.
[正] The patient was sitting at the table by the wall, eating. Beads of sweat stood out on his forehead, his lined jacket was sticking to his spine, and his shoulder blades stuck out so sharply, an inverted V seemed stamped there.
注:第一句其实翻译得不错,就是"八"字的英文表达不妥.要知道汉字的书写与英文完全不同,若译成 eight 英国人是不懂的. an inverted V(一个反的英文字母V)就化腐朽为神奇了.

369. 这位老农大概有三四个孩子,而且他们现在都长大成人,可以在地里干活了.
[误] The old farmer has about three or four children, who have now grown up and are able to work in the fields.
[正] The old farmer has three or four children, who have now grown up and are able to work in the fields.
注:汉语可以说"大约有三四个孩子",但翻译成英语却不行.因为 about 后面不能接约数,而应该接确定的数目.即:要么去 掉 about,只用 three or four;要么用 about,但后面接 three 等具体的数字.

370. 每个周末,玛丽都会陪年迈的祖父去看电影.
[误] Every weekend, Mary would accompany her old grandfather to go to the cinema.
[正] Every weekend, Mary would accompany her old grandfather to the cinema.
注:accompany 常被翻译成"陪同",所以人们在翻译"陪某人看电影"时,会很自然地用 accompany sb. to go to the cinema.其实,查英英词典你就会发现,accompany 的意思不是 together with,而是 go togethr with.所以上述情况中 其后的 to go 明显是多余的.

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371. 他又犯了一个拼写错误.
[误] He made another spelling mistake again.
[正] He made another spelling mistake.
注:another spelling mistake 就有"又犯"的意思,所以句中的 again 应该删去.不能因为汉语中有一个"又"字就在英语句子 中加 again.

372. 学生们被告知,任何人都不得把这些书籍带出阅览室.
[误] The students were told that anyone was not allowed to take the books out of the reading room.
[正] The students were told that nobody / no one was allowed to take the books out of the reading room.
注:anybody 作主语时,谓语部分使用否定词不符合英语的习惯,应将 anybody 改为 nobody,并将否定词 not 删去.又 如:你喜欢的食物没有一种是适合我吃的(Nothing you like agrees with me).

373. 这是莎士比亚十四行诗的主要特点之一.
[误] This is one of the main characters of Shakespeare's sonnets.
[正] This is one of the main characteristics of Sharkespeare's sonnets. 注:character 是表示某一事物的总体特征(the combination of qualities which make a thing different from others),而 characteristic 则表示事物的具体特征.由此说来,一个事物只有一个 character,但却可以有多个 characteristic.所以在上面的例句中,one of the main characters 是错误的,应该改成 one of the main characteristics.又如:A person's character is always formed in his early years(一个人的性格通常在小时候养成); Carelessness is one of his characteristics(粗心是他的一个特点).

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374. 他在艺术界有极高的地位.
[误] He has occupied a prominent position in the art circle.
[正] He has occupied a prominent position in art circles.
注:circle 表示"......界"时习惯用复数形式,而且前面多不加定冠词,如:cultural/academic/theatrical/business circles (文化/学术/戏剧/商界).

375. 大赛在即,每个动力员都在努力训练,以期刷新自己以前的纪录.
[误] The game is at hand and every athlete is training hard to improve their previous records.
[正] The game is at hand and every athlete is training hard to improve on their previous records.
注:improve 指"改善,提高",如 improve one's language ability(提高某人的语言能力).在英国人看来,以前的纪录 (previous records)是既成事实,不可能再加以改变(improve)了,所以应该在 improve 后面加上介词 on,以表示创造 新的,更高的纪录.

376. 不要再费口舌了.
[误] Don't waste your words again.
[正] Save your breath.
注:save one's breath 有时也被说成 save one's energy,它对应的中文还可以是"白费力气".你知道"白费心思"用英语怎 么说吗 是 bother one's head for nothing.

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377. 这个看上去很忠实的保姆实际上是一个惯愉.凯文一家真是引狼入室了.
[误] This seemingly honest baby-sitter is actually a habitual thief. The Kevin's do lead the wolf into the house.
[正] This seemingly honest baby-sitter is actually a habitual thief. The Kevin's do put the cat among the pigeons.
注ut the cat among the pigeons 的字面意思是"将猫放进鸽子笼".可以想象,那样的话笼子里一定不得安宁.它与"引狼 入室"有异曲同工之妙,而且更地道,更易于西方人理解.

378. 在院足球队里叱咤风云的威廉到了校队却只能坐冷板凳.
[误] William, who was so popular in the department team, is given a cold bench in the university team.
[正] William, who was so popular in the department team, is given a cold shoulder in the university team.
注:give sb. a/the cold shoulder 的字面意思是"给某人一个冷肩膀".当不看重某人和对其冷淡的时候,人们往往会把身体转 过去,用背或肩膀对着他.这与"坐冷板凳"的意思相同,而且比直译地道多了.

379. 经过一夜的围捕,警察终于把罪犯逼到了死胡同.
[误] After a night's pursuing, the police finally forced the criminal to a dead alley.
[正] After a night's pursuing, the police finally forced the criminal to a blind alley.
注:"死胡同"的英文表述是 blind alley 或 dead end.

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380. 如果你爷爷看到你今天的所作所为,他一定会死不瞑目的.
[误] If your grandpa could see what you're doing now, he wouldn't have closed his eyes when he died.
[正] If your grandpa could see what you're doing now, he would turn over in his grave.
注:"死不瞑目"的意思是"死时尚存遗憾"或"灵魂得不到安息".若将其直译出来西方人很可能感到费解,所以建议采取意译的方 式.除了上面的译法,还可以用 die with everlasting regret 或 die discontent 等.

381. 为了配合治疗,大夫不得不撒了个善意的谎,说病情并不严重.
[误] For better treatment, the doctor told him a goodwill lie saying his illness is nothing serious.
[正] For better treatment, the doctodr told him a white lie saying his illness is nothing serious.
注:a white lie 是英语的固定搭配,指"善意的谎言".

382. 最近许多女孩都鬼迷心窍似的一心只想嫁个外国人.
[误] Nowadays, many girls seem to be bewitched by ghosts and they are determined to marry foreigners.
[正] Nowadays, many girls seem to have a bee in their bonnets and they are determined to marry foreigners.
注:have a bee in one's bonnet 的字面意思是"帽子里有只蜜蜂",但它的真正意思是"想得入了迷",与"鬼迷心窍"是一个意 思.又如:She never stops talking about dieting---she's got a real bee in her bonnet about it(她不停地谈论节 食---完全鬼迷心窍了).

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383. 那位顾客同买东西的人讨价还价,嘴皮都磨破了,可那人就是不降价.
[误] The customer bargained with the seller till he had worn out his lips, but the seller didn't change his price.
[正] The customer had worn out his tongue bargaining with the seller, but the seller didn't change his price.
注:中文用"嘴皮",但 tongue 却更符合英国人的习惯.另外,"保持缄默"的英文是 bite the ongue.

384. 现在,有些子女虽然已经成家,却还住在父母家白吃白喝.
[误] Nowadays, some young people still stay at their parents' home eating and drinking free, even after having their own families.
[正] Nowadays, some young people are still freeloaders at their parents' home, even after having their own families.
注:freeloader 指"利用别人的慷慨占便宜的人"或"寄生虫",用在这里十分准确和地道.

385. 梅森的辞职对老板来说是正中下怀,他不仅可以除去梅森这个眼中钉,而且还省去了一大笔赔偿费.
[误] Mason's resignation well fit his boss' mind, because he could not only get rid of Mason, a nail in the eye, but also save a large sum of compensation.
[正] Mason's resignation well played into his boss' hands, because he could not only get rid of Mason, a thorn in his flesh, but also save a large sum of compensation.
注lay into one's hands 源于扑克牌游戏,意指打出的牌正是对方想要的,而且多含"中了对方的圈套"之意,因而用在这里 十分贴切."眼中钉"在英语中也有对应的表达,即 a thorn in one's flesh.

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386. 昨天晚上我们去看电影了.
[误] We went to the cinema yesterday night.
[正] We went to the cinema last night. . We went to the cinema yeserday evening.
注:习惯上可以说 last night 或 yesterday evening,但不能说 yesterday night.但是,我们可以说 yesterday morning/afternoon(昨天早晨/下午),而不说 last morning/afternoon.

387. 你今年多大了
[误] How old are you this year
[正] How old are you
注:汉语中常说"你今年多大年纪 ",但英语却不习惯说 this year,因为事实上没有问"今年/去年/来年多大年纪 "这样的问 题的.

388. 这个省的粮食产量逐年增加.
[误] The grain output in this province has increased year after year.
[正] The grain output in this province has increased year by year.
注:year after year(年复一年地)和 year by year(逐年地)的区别在于:后者分别看待年份;而前者集中看待年份 (含"年年如此"甚至有"长此以往"之义.)根据原意,应选用 year by year.

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389. 让我们响应党的号召,坚持一切正确的东西,反对一切错误的东西.
[误] Let us respond to the Party's call and uphold all the correct and oppose all the wrong.
[正] Let us respond to the Party's call and uphold all that is right and oppose all that is wrong.
注:"一切正确的东西",不能译成 all the correct,"一切错误的东西",不能译成 all the wrong,因为这种说法不合乎英语习 惯.

390. 这本小说的作者是谁
[误] Who is the writer of this novel
[正] Who is the author of this novel
注:writer 是"作家",范围比较广;author 是"作者",指文章,小说,书本的著作者.

391. 成千上万的人来到这里向战争纪念碑敬献花圈.
[误] Thousands and thousands of people came and laid bouquets at the war memorial.
[正] Thousands and thousands of people came and laid wreaths at the war memorial.
注:wreath 是"花环,花冠,花圈",可表示纪念死者所用的花圈等,bouquet 指的是"花束",用于喜庆的场合,如婚礼上新娘 所手持者

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392. 昨晚台风袭击上海郊区,许多人受伤了.
[误] Last night a typhoon hit the suburban areas of Shanhai and many people were wounded.
[正] Last night a typhoon hit the suburban areas of Shanhai and many people were injured.
注:wound 指在战争,战斗中"负伤"或用枪弹,炮弹,锐利刀,剑等故意施加的"伤害".在事故中受到的损伤,如在交通事 故,工伤事故和天灾中所受的伤用 injure.

393. 我以前有过一辆大众轿车.
[误] I would have a Volkswagen.
[正] I used to have a Volkswagen.
注:虽然 would 和 used to 都可以表示过去习惯性的动作,但 used to 还可以表示过去的状态,而 would 却不能.

394. 奇怪,鲍勃会在那个转角处出了事.
[误] It is strange that Bob would have an accident at that corner.
[正] It is strange that Bob should have an accident at that corner.
注:在以 it is + 形容词 + that 引导的句子中,用 should + 动词原型表示欣喜,惊奇,忧虑等感情色彩.在这类句型中,只 能用 should,不能用 would.如果表示的是过去发生的事,should 后面要用不加 to 的不定式的完成时态.

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395. 我宁愿你明天来看我.
[误] I would rather you will come to see me tomorrow.
[正] I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.
注:would rather(也可用 had rather)后面跟从句时,从句中的动词总是用过去式,不管指的是现在或将来发生的动作.

396. "你觉得电影好看吗 ""还可以,但我宁愿去听音乐会."
[误] Did you enjoy the movie It was okay, but I would rather went to the concert.
[正] Did you enjoy the movie It was okay, but I would rather have gone to the concert.
注:would rather do sth. 的过去时是在 would rather 后接 have + 过去分词,表示的是对过去未做之事的向往,或对已做 之事的后悔.

397. "请再来点咖啡好吗 ""不,不要了,谢谢."
[误] Would you like some more coffee No, I wouldn't like any more. [正] Would you like some more coffee No, I don't want any more. 注:would you like...是一种表示客气的询问对方"是否想要(什么)"的口语句型,它只用于第二人称,因此,在回答进,由于 说的是自己,就不能再按惯例用 would,而是肯定时用 Yes, please;否定时用"No,I don't want...".

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398. "你喜欢喝下午茶吗 "
[误] "Would you like to have tea in the afternoon "
[正] "Do you like to have tea in the afternoon "
注:Would you like to do sth. 这一句型一般用于邀请等,表示一次性的动作.当询问一个习惯的动作时,不能用这一句型, 要用 Do you like... (你喜欢...... )

399. 我们是未来的教师.
[误] We are would-be teachers.
[正] We are future[或 prospective] teachers. 注:would-be teachers 是"希望成为教师的人",表示主观愿望,有时有贬意,含有"自称而其实不是"的意思.future 或 prospective 并不表示主观愿望,可以指正在培养成为从事某种职业的人.

400. 请不要把烟对着我吹好吗
[误] Would you please don't blow the smoke right at me
[正] Would you please not blow the smoke right at me
注:would you please do ... 是一种很客气的说法,意为"请你...好吗 "其否定式只需在动词前加 not,不加 do,因为 would 已是助动词,不需再加上一个助动词 do. lanpijiu a great job!! SteveWang

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401. 这是一次很有价值的访问.
[误] It was a worth while visit.
[正] It was a worthwhile visit.
注:worth while 即 worth one's while,意思是"做......是值得的",其一般句型是 it is worth while doing sth.. worthwhile,即"值得的"之意:a worthwhile experiment(一项值得做的实验).本句中 worthwhile 作定语修饰 visit, 故不能分开写.

402. 那座寺庙值得一看.
[误] The temple is worthwhile visiting.
[正] It is worth while visiting the temple.
注:be worth while doing 意为"值得做,有价值",但通常用 it 作形式主语,而不用名词作主语.

403. 他有份不错的工作.
[误] She had a very worth while job.
[正] She had a very worthwhile job.
注:表示"值得干的","有价值的"意思时,worthwhile 常常放在名词之前作定语.worth while 分写时意思为"值得花时 间","值得花力气",不可用作定语,常用作表语

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404. 他值得我们尊重.
[误] He is worthy our respect.
[正] He is worthy of our respect.
注:worthy 后必须跟介词 of 后才能再用名词.这和 worth 不一样.worth 后可以直接跟名词.

405. 这位可敬的人尽了一切可能来帮助城里的穷人.
[误] This worth man did all he could to help the poor of the town.
[正] This worthy man did all he could to help the poor of the town.
注:worth 作形容词时,只能作表语,不能作定语;worthy 则既可以作表语,又可作定语,意为"有价值的,值得的".

406. 买一套好服装是值得的,因为它比便宜的要耐穿.
[误] It is worth to buy a good suit because it will wear better than a cheap one.
[正] It is worth buying a good suit because it will wear better than a cheap one. 注:在 it is worth buying 的句型中,worth 是形容词,习惯上不跟动词不定式,而跟动名词,或者跟名词或代词.

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407. 这本书的确值得一找.
[误] This book is very worth looking for.
[正] This book is well worth looking for.
注:这里的确良 worth 是介词,说"非常值得","的确值得"应该用 well worth,不用 very worth.

408. 不管他做什么,你得容忍他.
[误] No matter what he does, you must abide by him.
[正] No matter what he does, you must abide him.
注:abide 作"忍受","容忍"解时是及物动词,其后接宾语时不用介词.但 abide 作"遵守(法律,诺言,决定等)","坚持 (观点等)"解时是不及物动词,后接宾语时要说 abide by.

409. 这孩子具有惊人的记忆力.
[误] The child has a wonderful ability for remembering things.
[正] The child has a wonderful capacity for remembering things.
注:ability 与 capacity 两个词虽然都有"能力"的含义,但用于人时,ability 一般指已表现出来的实际能力;而 capacity 则表 示潜在的能力,如接受能力.因此,原句英译应该用 capacity 而不是 abilit

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410. 他们的错误能够被改正.
[误] Their mistakes are able to be corrected.
[正] Their mistakes are capable of being corrected.
注:be able to 的主语一般是物,表示某人有做某事的能力.capable 的主语可以是人,也可以是物,表示有达到一般要求的 能力.本句主语是 mistakes,故须用 capable.

411. 我们应该摒弃旧习俗,创新风尚.
[误] We should cancel outmoded customs and establish new ones. [正] We should abolish outmoded caustoms and establish new ones. 注:cancel 和 abolish 都有"除去"之意,均可作及物动词,但含义不相同.abolish 意为"废除,革除",往往用于规章制度, 政治,法律,风俗和社会组织等方面.cancel 有"取消,使丧失效力"之意,如证书,义务,契约,约会,假期等的"取消或废 止".

412. 1977年前后,我在农场工作.
[误] About in 1977 I worked on a state farm.
[正] Around 1977 I worked on a state farm.
注:表示1977年前后,可用 around 1977 或 in 1977 or thereabouts,而不说 about in 1977.about in 后不能跟具体 的年份或日期.

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413. 我们正要动身,天下起雨来.
[误] We were just about to start, when it rained.
[正] We were about to start, when it rained.
注:be about to...表示"即将要......",just 在此显得多余.

414. 那男孩大约八九岁.
[误] The boy was about eight or nine years old.
[正] The boy was eight or nine years old.
注:about 意为"大约",three or four o'clock(三点或四点/三四点钟);eight or nine years old 也是表示"大约"的时间, 因此再用 about 就重复了.

415. 他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗的事情.
[误] He is beyond meanness and deceit.
[正] He is above meanness and deceit.
注:above 常指因某种缘故而"不做,不屑,不至于".如o you think you're above criticism (你认为你不至于受批评 吗 )如要表示超过范畴,能力,控制等意思,则常用 beyond

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416. 他从海外来.他居住加拿大.
[误] He came from abroad. He lives in Canada.
[正] He came from overseas. He lives in Canada.
注:abroad 和 overseas 的区别:abroad 强调"到/从其他国家去/来";overseas 则表示"从海外来".

417. 他在吗 ---不在.
[误] ---Is he in ---No, he is absent.
[正] ---Is he in ---No, he is out/not in.
注:absent 通常表示"缺席",如果表示"不在",一般用 not in 或 out.

418. 那个男孩对新的知识吸收很快.
[误] The boy absorbs in new knowledge quickly.
[正] The boy absorbs new knowledge quickly.
[正] The boy absorbs into new knowledge quickly.
[正] The boy takes in new knowledge quickly.
注:absorb(吸收)是及物动词,可以直接跟宾语,absorb in 的意思是"吸引,专心于",absorb into 才是"吸收",另外 take in 也表示"吸收".

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419. 你是在寻找住处吧
[误] Are you looking for an accommodation
[正] Are you looking for accommodation
注:accommodation 是个不可数名词,但在美国英语中常用复数,不过,无论英国英语还是美国英语,accommadation 前 都不可加不定冠词 an.这个词的意思是"a place to live",指的是"(住宿用的)套房,旅馆房间,住房等". 复数(accommadations)的用法:[住宿(有时包括伙食)等条件;房间,舱位,坐位或铺位等]须用复形,有复念,常不可 数.作"住宿(有时包括伙食)等条件"解,如: motel accommodations The city has excellent hotel accommodations. He's coming up here next week. I want to see about accommadations. He wired the hotel accommadations directly by calling the Overland Park Ramada at 1-800-2 Ramada.


420. 经理由一位秘书陪同.
[误] The manager was accompanied with a secretary.
[正] The manager was accompanied by a secretary.
注:accompany 作"陪同"解时,通常用 be accompanied by 的结构.而 be accompanied with 则常指"(两事物)伴随而 来".另外,be accompanied on/at,表示"由......伴奏". gby great job indeed~~~

421. 他是自愿参加的.
[误] He participated out of his own accord.
[正] He participated of his own accord.
注:accord 作名词用时,意思是"符合","一致".of one's own accord 的意思是"自愿地,主动地".误句在 of his own accord 的前面加上 out 一词是多余的.

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422. 依我看,房租太贵.
[误] According to me, the rent's too high.
[正] In my opinion, the rent's too high.
注:"按照我的意见"或"根据我的看法"应译成 in my opinion.但在转述别人的意见或看法时就可以用 according to 这个短 语.例如:according to the news report(根据新闻报导),according to reliable sources(根据可靠消息来源).

423. 他们一步一步地达到了目标.
[误] They reached their aim step by step.
[正] They achieved their aim step by step.
注:达到目的或目标,常用的说法有三种:1,achieve one's aim; 2,accomplish/achieve/fulfil a purpose;3,achieve/ attain a goal.三处一般不能用 reach 或 get 等动词.

424. 我认识那位女士.
[误] I acquainted the lady/I acquainted with the lady.
[正] I am acquainted with the lady.
注:acquaint 是及物动词,意为"使认识",故其常用句型是 acquain sb. with sth.(使某人熟悉某事),或 be acquainted with sb.(认识某人).acquaint 和 acquainted 之后的介词只能用 with,没有其他选择.

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425. 要是游过河去,需要多少时间
[误] How long would it take to swim through the river
[正] How long would it take to swim across the river
注:across 表示"到达一条线,一条河或一条道路的对面"(与"细而长"的物体相对而言的位置或动作),through 不能用于 从"细而长"的物体之一侧到另一侧的动作.

426. 他又干了件傻事.
[误] He made another stupid act.
[正] He committed another stupid act.
注:act 作名词时,和其搭配的动词通常是 commit,do 或 perform.

427. 和为比言词更重要. [误] Acts are more important than words. [正] Actions are more important than words. 注:act 和 action 都表示"行动,行为",在有些场合可以互相换用.但是,act 指具体的,短暂的个别行动,而 action 侧重指 抽象的行动,且时间较长,包括行动的各个步骤.

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428. 失业是当前所面临的一个问题.
[误] Unemployment is a very actual problem.
[正] Unemployment is a current problem.
注:表示"当前发生"或"存在"的意思时,通常用 present, up-to-date, current 等形容词,而 actual 的意思是"existing as a real fact"(实际的,实在的),多用于纠正误解或引出出乎意料的消息.

429. 我们现在对国际事务感兴趣.
[误] We are interested in world affair now.
[正] We are interested in world affairs now.
注:affair 指与公众有关的"事务"时,须用复数形式,所以误句中的 world affair 须改为 world affairs.另外,current affairs(时事),foreign affairs(外交事务),affairs of state(国事)等,也都用复数形式.在指"(关系到某个人的)事"时,用单 数.在指某一事件时,用单数,在 have an affair with sb.(与某人私通)这个固定词组中用单数.

430. 昨天下午,我们的校长在办公楼二楼的接待室里接待了几位外宾.
[误] Yesterday afternoon our president received several foreign vistitors in the parlor on the second floor of the Administration Building.
[正] Yesterday afternoon our president received several foreign vistitors in the reception room on the second floor of the Administration Building.
注arlor 在美国英语里指私人家里的客厅,也指旅馆里的休息室等房间,但现在已少用.在美国,也用于某些商业性的营业 室,如 ice-cream parlo冷饮室,hairdresser's parlor,beauty parlor美容室.学校以及其它公共机关里的接待室(或会客 室),一般用 reception room.

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431. 这篇文章还需要润色一下.
[误] This article has yet to be adorned.
[正] This article has yet to be polished.
注:adorn 的意思是"修饰,装饰,打扮"不能用于文章,作品的"润色"polish 的意思是"擦亮(机器),抛光(器具),使...... 优美,使(语言,文字)洗练,润饰(文章,作品).

432. 天然纤维所做的衣服比之人工料子所做的衣服有很大的优点.
[误] Clothing made of natural fibres has a great advantage on that made of artificial material.
[正] Clothing made of natural fibres has a great advantage over that made of artificial material.
注:have an advantage over sb./sth.(对某人/某物占有优势)是固定词组,其中 over 不能用于其他介词取代. advantage 在这里是可数名词,必要时可用复数"值得注意的是,have the advantage 这一说法须后接 of ,说明 advantage 的内容.另外,take advantage of sb./sth.意为"利用某人/某物",这时 advantage 之前没有冠词.

433. 广告对我们产生微妙的影响.
[误] Advertisement exerts a subtle influence on us.
[正] Advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.
注:advertising 为广告的总称,是不可数名词.作主语时,谓语动词用单数,advertisement 是可数名词,这类名词还有 machinery--machine, baggage--bag, jewelry--jewel, poetry--poem 等.

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版主 太谢谢了 这才是英语 地道地英语

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434. 我不会建议开车去---没有地方停车.
[误] I wouldn't advise you taking the car --there's nowhere to park.
[正] I wouldn't advise taking the car --there's nowhere to park.
注:advise, allow,forbid 和 permit 等动词, 既可后接动名词,也可后接不定式.当后接动名词,动名词前不用表示人的宾 语,若后接不定式,则要用表示人的宾语.总之,要表示"劝某人做某事"这个意思时,常用的结构是 advise sb. to do sth., 不是 advise sb. doing sth.,但可说 advise doing sth..要表示"劝某人不要做某事"时,常用的结构是 advise sb. against sth. 或 advise sb. against doing sth..

435. 我们现在对国际事务感兴趣.
[误] We are interested in world affair now.
[正] We are interested in world affairs now.
注:affair 指与公众有关的"事务"时,须用复数形式,所以误句中的 world affair 须改为 world affairs.另外,current affairs(时事),foreign affairs(外交事务),affairs of state(国是)等,也都用复数形式.在指"(关系到某个人的事) 时,用单数.在指某一事件时,用单数,在 have an affair with sb.(与某人私通)这个固定词组中用单数.

436. 这种新发型使她的外表发生了惊人的变化.
[误] The new hairdo affected a startling change in her appearance.
[正] The new hairdo effected a startling change in her appearance.
注:affect 和 effect 在音,形上是易混词,在含义上是近义词,均可译成"影响".但两个词的用法区别很大.affect 总是做动 词,常表示"影响","感染"等.effect 可以做动词,但做动词时不表示"影响",而表示"产生","实现","促成"等.

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437. 他的突然死亡对我们所有的人都有影响.
[误] His sudden death influenced all of us.
[正] His sudden death affected all of us.
注:affect 通常强调对某人或某物产生的具体作用,而 influence 则侧重对人或思想,性格以及作品等产生相对较长远的影 响.


438. 去伦敦的访问使他能与律师决定事务.
[误] The visit to London afforded him to settle his business with the lawyers. [正] The visit to London allowed him to settle his business with the lawyers. 注:虽然 afford 与 chance 或 opportunity 等连用时,含有"使......有机会做......"的意思,但 afford 本身并不表 示"allow"(容许,许可)的意思,所以本句不能用 afford,而要用 allow.再者,afford 不能用于 afford sb. to do sth. (如误句)的结构中,而 allow sb. to do sth.则是常见的.

439. 他一两个星期后来.
[误] He will come after a week or two.
[正] He will come in a week or two.
注:in a week or two 用在表示将来的时态中,意为"一两周后".虽然这个短语含有"过一两周"的意思,但不能用 after 代替 in.此处的 in 是"过若干(时间)"的意思.如:in an hour(过一小时).

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440. 我们开了一个快乐的晚会,又喝酒,又跳舞,一直玩到最后尽兴,我们才回家. [误] We had a nice party with drinks and dancing, then, after all, we went home.
[正] We had a nice party with drinks and dancing, and finally, we went home. 注:after all 不是 finally 的意思,它主要有两层词义:一,"毕竟,终究".after all 这一用法,通常置于句末.二,"必须记 住,别忘了".after all 的这一用法,通常置于句首.所以根据误句所要表达的意思来看,不能用 after all,而是要用 finally 来表示"若干时间或动作"之后的"最后(行动).

441. 我们都尊敬系里经验丰富的老教师.
[误] We all respect the experienced aged teachers in our department.
[正] We all respect the experienced old(或 senior)teachers in our department.
注:aged 往往有"年迈力衰"的含意,用作原句的译文不恰当.我们可以说:We should take care of the sick and the aged.我们应当照顾病人和老人.I go home to see my aged parents at weekend. 周末我回家看望年迈的双亲.因为在两 个例句中强调的是"年老体弱".

442. 在晚年,那里的人们过着幸福的生活.
[误] In their old ages, the people there are living a happy life.
[正] In their old age, the people there are living a happy life.
注:age 既是可数名词,也是不可数名词.当作"年龄,年纪"解时,可数不可数都可以.当表示"(做某事的)年龄限制"时,为 不可数,如在 under age(未到规定年龄),over age(超龄),come of age(达到法定年龄)等说法中.在口语中表 示"很久"之意时,通常和复数形式:I haven't seen you for ages.(好久没见到你了.)因此,在 in their old age 中, age 表示的是"人生的某一阶段"的意思,应该是不可数名词,没有复数形式.

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443. 国务院于今年初批准了进一步发展旅游业的计划.
[误] The State Council agreed to the plan for further development of tourism early this year.
[正] The State Council approved the plan for further developmnet of tourism early this year.
注:agree 是"同意"的意思,一般指同级的人或机构之间经过讨论协商取得一致的意见,approve 是权力机关对某项计划,措 施,行动,方法等的"批准","同意".也可表示上级对下级,长辈对小辈之间的"同意".

444. 我们完全赞同你在会上提出的计划.
[误] We fully agree with the plan you put forward at the meeting.
[正] We fully agree to the plan you put forward at the meeting.
注:表示"同意计划,建议,提议"时,agree 后接介词 to,而不接介词 with.

445. 我同意他认为需要多办些学校的意见.
[误] I agree with him to the need for more schools.
[正] I agree with him about the need for more schools.
注:用 agree 表示"同意某人(的意见)"时,后接介词 with:He agreed with me.(他同意我的意见.)若要表示"在某件事 上同意某人的意见"时,要用 agree with sb. on/about sth.的结构.所以误句中的 to 须改为 on 或 about.

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非常吸引我的 英语学习！很有趣，就是吸收得 有一个较长的 过程。记性大不 如从前了。。。

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感谢楼主！Thanks million times.

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449. 他英国之行的目的是丰富语言知识.
[误] His aim of going to English is to improve his knowledge of language.
[正] His aim in going to England is to improve his knowledge of language. 注:aim 作名词,意思是"目的,目标",它可以后跟动词不定式ur aim to complete the work before the end of the month.(我们在月底以前完成这项工作的目标.)或者后接介词 in 引导的短语:What's your aim in life (你的人生目标 是什么 )但是不能用介词 of.

450. 我打算明年六月获得熟练工的证书.
[误] I shall aim in a Certificate of Proficiency next June.
[正] I shall aim for a Certificate of Proficiency next June.
注:aim for 意为"以......为目标,努力争取......".所以误句中的 in 须改为 for 或 at.此外也可说 aim to do sth. 这与 aim at doing sth. 同义,都表示"想要,打算"的意思.但前者多用于美国英语,后者则用于英国英语.

451. 有些地方,几乎没有采取什么措施把烟尘净化,就把它排放到空中去了.
[误] In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean before it goes into air.
[正] In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean before it goes into the air.
注:air 单作"空气"解时,是物质名词,不用冠词.如:Let's go out for some fresh air.(我们出去呼吸新鲜空气吧.)但 当 air 泛指"空中"或"大气层中"时,须加用定冠词.如:castles in the air(空中楼阁).
446. 这是助听器.
[误] It's an aid hearing.
[正] It's an aid to hearing.
注:aid 表示"援助,帮助"时是不可数名词,没有复数形式.aid 有时可用作可数名词,这时它表示"助手,辅助用品",与 to 连 用,表示"对......的援助".

447. 我们希望用和平手段达到目标.
[误] We hope to reach our aim by peaceful means.
[正] We hope to achieve our aim by peaceful means.
注:aim 不与 reach 连用.reach 表示"到达"时,指到达一个具体的地方.表示"达到目标"可说 achieve one's aim.

448. 他开始学英语,目的是做一名教师.
[误] He started to learn English with the aim to become a teacher.
[正] He strarted to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher.
注:"with the aim of + 动名词"是固定的短语结构,意为"以期......,意在......",不能改用动词不定式.但是,当 aim 用作 主语时,应该用 be + 动词不定式作谓语.

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449. 他英国之行的目的是丰富语言知识.
[误] His aim of going to English is to improve his knowledge of language.
[正] His aim in going to England is to improve his knowledge of language. 注:aim 作名词,意思是"目的,目标",它可以后跟动词不定式ur aim to complete the work before the end of the month.(我们在月底以前完成这项工作的目标.)或者后接介词 in 引导的短语:What's your aim in life (你的人生目标 是什么 )但是不能用介词 of.

450. 我打算明年六月获得熟练工的证书.
[误] I shall aim in a Certificate of Proficiency next June.
[正] I shall aim for a Certificate of Proficiency next June.
注:aim for 意为"以......为目标,努力争取......".所以误句中的 in 须改为 for 或 at.此外也可说 aim to do sth. 这与 aim at doing sth. 同义,都表示"想要,打算"的意思.但前者多用于美国英语,后者则用于英国英语.

451. 有些地方,几乎没有采取什么措施把烟尘净化,就把它排放到空中去了.
[误] In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean before it goes into air.
[正] In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean before it goes into the air.
注:air 单作"空气"解时,是物质名词,不用冠词.如:Let's go out for some fresh air.(我们出去呼吸新鲜空气吧.)但 当 air 泛指"空中"或"大气层中"时,须加用定冠词.如:castles in the air(空中楼阁).

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452. 这间低屋顶的房间通风不好,令人气闷.
[误] The air in this low-ceilinged room was stuffy and oppressive.
[正] This low-ceilinged room was stuffy and oppressive.
注:虽然汉语中可以说"空气闷",但是在英语中,stuffy 和 oppressive 等的主语不能是 air,而应当是某个地方,如 theatre (戏院),classrooom(教室)等名词.

453. 这所大学所有的办公室都安装了空调.
[误] All the offices in the university are equipped with air-conditions.
[正] All the offices in the university are air-conditioned.
注:air-condition 为动词,意为"在...上安装空调".误句将 air-condition 用作了名词.如用名词,则可说 ...be equipped with air-conditioners.但通常要表达是否"安装空调"这类意思时,总是用 air-conditioned.

454. 我很远就发现了那两架飞机.
[误] I spotted the two aircrafts from a distance.
[正] I spotted the two aircraft from a distance.
注:aircraft 是"航空器"的意思,它统指"飞机,飞艇,气球"等飞行物,单数和复数同形,没有加"s"的复数形式.

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455. 他们的想法与我们的思考方式极其相反 .
[误] Their ideas are quite alien from our way of thinking.
[正] Their ideas are quite alien to our way of thinking.
注:表示"与...相反"时,应该说 alien to;alien from 表示的是"与...有不同性质"的意思.

456. 英国人在中国是外国人.
[误] An Englishman is alien in China.
[正] An Englishman is an alien in China.
注:alien 可作形容词或名词,作形容词时是"foreign"(外国的,异族的)的意思;作名词时指的是"外侨",这是个官方用语, 平时一般用"foreigner".本句中就是用的名词形式,因此前面要加不定冠词 an.

457. 鸟的翅膀和飞机的机翼是相似的.
[误] The wings of a bird and those of an airplane are alike.
[正] The wings of a bird and those of an airplane are analogous.
注:误句在语法结构上没有错误.但 alike 指"相似",往往强调外形的相似;而 analogous 则往往指一种可比拟性,包括外观 和内涵,更强调功能.

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458. 我们都很疲劳.
[误] We all are tired.
[正] We are all tired.
注:all 通常紧跟在句中助动词后.如果句中没有助动词,all 就放在主要动词前.如果句中主要动词是 be,all 就直接跟在 be 后面.

459. 我把它们都吃了.
[误] I've eaten all them.
[正] I've eaten them all.
注:all 可置于直接宾语或间接宾语之后,但这个宾语必须是代词,而不能是名词.所以误句中的 all 和 them 的词序须互换.

460. 从早饭时分起,雨一直下个不停.
[误] It has been raining all the time since breakfast.
[正] It has been raining since breakfast.
注:句中的现在完成进行时态(has been raining)以及介词短语 since breakfast,已包含了"一直"的意思,因此没有必要再 用 all the time.

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461. 所有的孩子都有调皮的时候.
[误] All of children can be naughty sometimes.
[正] All children can be naughty sometimes.
注:一般来说,all 或 all of 都可用于名词或 this,that 之前,但是,当名词单独使用(即不带冠词,代词所有格或其他限定 词)时,通常不用 all of,而在代词前,则只可用 all of.如:All whisky is expensive.(威士忌都很昂贵.)All of you are wrong.(你们全都错了.)I've read all(of) the books you lent me.(你借给我的书,我都看过了.)

462. 整个夏天他都很忙.
[误] He was busy in all summer.
[正] He was busy all summer.
注:在表示时间的短语里如有 all 修饰,则前面一般不加介词.

463. 我双亲都在北京.
[误] My parents are all in Beijing.
[正] My parents are both in Beijing.
注:当指三个或三个以上的全体时,用代词 all: There are five boys and four girls in our class. We all want to go to the park.(我们班上有五个男同学四个女同学.我们大家都想到公园去.)若只限于两个,则用 both: I borrowed two books from the library. They were both useful.(我从图书馆借了两本书,两本书都很有用.)由此可见误句中的 all 应改 为 both.

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464. 工农业生产都在大踏步前进.
[误] Insustrial and agricultural productions are all making giant strides.
[正] Both industrial and agricultural productions are making giant strides.
注:汉语中的"两者都"这一概念,英语常用 both...and 来表示:Both John and Tom have passed the exam.(约翰和汤 姆两人都已通过考试.)而 all 则常指三者或三者以上的人或物.误句中说的是工业和农业两者,故不可用 all.

465. 他们都没去看展览.
[误] All of them didn't go to the exhibition.
[正] None of them went to the exhibition.
注:对 all 构成的否定属于部分否定.意思是:"并非所有...".要表示全部否定,须用 none(无一)作主语.这时谓语动词可 以是复数,也可以是单数.

466. 这儿不允许抽烟.
[误] It is not allowed to smoke here.
[正] Smoking is not allowed here.
注:当 allow 用于被动语态时,我们不能用形式主语 it 作句子的主语,而应以"(不)允许做的事"为主语.

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467. 演出还没结束,几乎没有观众在看了.
[误] Nearly no audience were still seeing it before the performance ended. [正] Almost no audience were still seeing it before the performance ended.
注:在与 never, nobody, nothing, no 等否定意义的词连用时,只用 almost,不用 nearly.

468. 雾太大,我们几乎什么也看不清.
[误] We could almost not see through the fog.
[正] We could hardly see through the fog.
注:almost 可以修饰 no, none, nothing, 但不可以修饰 not. 例如:Almost none of us took any rest last night. 汉语 中"几乎不......","差不多没有......"等通常用 hardly, scarcely 来表达.例如:Scarcely(或 Hardly)anybody believes it.

469. 他几乎把半个大奶油蛋糕吃掉了.
[误] He almost ate half of the big cream cake.
[正] He ate almost half (of) the big cream cake.
注:尽管 almost 是个居于句子中间位置的副词,即应当置于谓语动词之前,或第一个助动词之后.但是此句中 almost 修饰的 不是谓语动词 ate,而是宾语 half(of) the big cream cake,故应置于 ate 之后,half 之前.half 置于名词前时,其后可以 加 of,也可以不加.

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470. 学校正在采取有效措施来提高学生独立工作能力.
[误] The university is taking effective measures to improve the students' ability to work alone.
[正] The university is taking effective measures to improve the students' ability to work independently.
注:work alone 是"单独工作",work independently 或 do independentwork 才表示"独立工作".

471. 花园里仅有一棵树.
[误] There is an alone tree in the garden.
[正] There is a lone tree in the garden.
注:alone 仅用作表语,不作定语,而 lone 用作定语,表示"仅有的"意思.

472. 他们准备好了发射宇宙飞船
[误] They are already to launch the spaceship.
[正] The are all ready to launch the spaceship.
注:already 是副词,而 ready 是形容词;两者的意义也有所不同,前者意为"已经",不可后接不定式.而后者是"准备好"的 意思,有时前加 all 表示程度.

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473. 自从我们上次会面以后,你的脾气越来越坏了.
[误] Your temper has altered for the worse since I saw you last.
[正] Your temper has changed for the worse since I saw you last. 注:alter 和 change 作动词用都有"改变"之意,但二者的侧重点不同.change 多指事物或人物本质方面所民生的显著变化. alter 是指事物在形状,体积,人物性格或外观方面的部分改变,但并非本质变化.

474. 这座山的高度是两千米.
[误] The altitude of the mountain is 2000 meters high.
[正] The altitude of the mountain is 2000 meters.
[正] The mountain is 2000 meters high. 注:altitude 是 height 的意思,所以句中再用 high 属多余.或者去掉 altitude,数词后面加 high.

475. 全家人一起到公园去.
[误] The family went to the park altogether.
[正] The family went to the park together/all together.
注:副词 altogether 的词意是:"完全,全部"或"(数量)总计"或"总而言之,总的来说".就两例句而言,所要表达的意思应 该是"一起"(with one another, in company),故应当用 together,或其强化形式 all together.

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476. 他在写信时不断地抓挠下巴.
[误] While he was writing the letter, he always scratched his chin. [正] While he was writing the letter, he kept scratching his chin. 注:always 表示"总是,一贯".表示"不断地,反复地做某事"可以用 keep doing sth.


477. 我很高兴告诉你:你的儿子一直帮助穷人.
[误] I'm glad to tell you that your son is always helping the poor.
[正] I'm glad to tell you that your son always helps the poor. 注:always 与进行时连用习惯上带有贬义.因此,说"一直在帮助穷人"时不要用进行时,而应用现在时.

478. 我搞错了,不是吗
[误] I am mistaken, am I not
[正] I am mistaken, aren't I
注:如果陈述句部分是 I am,则反意疑问句部分用 aren't I 不用 am I not .这是英国英语的习惯用法.美国英语接受这 一用法,但在口语中也有用 amn't I 代替 aren't I 的.

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479. 这位漂亮的美国小女孩是朱蒂的表妹.
[误] This American pretty little girl is Judy's cousin.
[正] This pretty little American girl is Judy's cousin.
注:形容词的次序中英文不同,一般来说,汉语总是把最重要的形容词置于前面,而英语则必须让最重要的形容词接近被修饰的 名词.

480. 他们达成了一项和平友好地解决争端的办法.
[误] They came to a peaceful and amiable settlement of the dispute.
[正] They came to a peaceful and amicable settlement of the dispute. 注:amiable 与 amicable 都作"友好"解,但是 amiable 用于人,如 amiable neighbours, and amiable colleague. amicable 用来形容环境,动作,协议等.如 an amicable discussion, abicable relations.

481. 他让他的妻子,女儿和妹妹分享他的财产.
[误] He shared his property among his wife, his daughter, and his sister.
[正] He shared his property between his wife, his daughter, and his sister.
注:在 divide,share 等动词后,若接表示两个以上的复数名词时,当然用 among,但若接数个单数名词时,中间要用介词 between,而不用 among.当后接复数名词时,可用 among,也可用 between.

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485. 对于成长中的男孩,玩的时间永远不够.
[误] A growing boy never has ample time to play.
[正] A growing boy never has enough time to play.
注:ample 意为"充足而有余的,绰绰有余的",如果与 enough 相比,它指 more than enough.也可修饰时间,但须在谈 到很具体的事情时,才能判断是否"绰绰有余".enough 意为"足够的",指数量多到足够满足某一需要或愿望.根据本句要表达 的意思,该用 enough 而不是 ample.

486. 每年为抽烟花去的钱数额很大.
[误] Large amounts of money is spent on tobacco every year.
[正] Large amounts of money are spent on tobacco every year.
[正] A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year. 注:谓语动词的形式需与主语中心词的数一致.在"large amounts of +名词"中,中心词是 amounts;在"a large amount of +名词"中,中心词是 of 后的名词.
487. 濒危物种的数量随着自然栖息地的消失而逐年增加.
[误] The amount of endangered species increase every year as natural habitats disappear.
[正] The amount of endangered species increases every year as natural habitats disappear.
注:本句中的主语是 the amount of endangered species,中心词是 the amount,单数,所以谓语动词应与主语中心词一 致,也用单数形式.

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488. 我写几封信,你们能自己快乐地玩玩吗
[误] Can you please yourselves while I write some letters
[正] Can you amuse yourselves while I write some letters
注:当 amuse 解作"make time pass pleasantly",可用于反身代词形式"amuse oneself",即"(自己)取乐,消遣",没 有 please oneself 这样的说法.please yourself 是"do as you like"(你想怎样就怎样)的意思.

489. 他们在舞会上非常快乐.
[误] They amused themselves at the party.
[正] They enjoyed themselves at the party.
注:amuse oneself 后面常跟介词 by 或 with 引导的短语,表示"以......娱乐自己",即"自己做点什么消遣消遣".但是, amuse 不能表示"(某种场合)使人愉快,过得快活"的意思.若要表达这样的意思,就要用 enjoy oneself.

490. 这个学期,我们读了许多短篇小说:"Mrs. Adis","The Luncheon","The Background"等等.
[误] This term we have read a number of slhort stories: "Mrs. Adis", "The Luncheon", "The Background" and etc.
[正] This term we have read a number of slhort stories: "Mrs. Adis", "The Luncheon", "The Background" and several others.
注:etc. 是拉丁文"et cetera"的缩写,等于英语 and others,and so forth.用 and etc. 等于 and others,当然是错误 的.此外,etc. 多用于技术性或注释等力求简短的文件中,在正式文章里最好不用.

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491. 玛丽对汤姆的粗鲁很生气.
[误] Mary was angry with Tom's rudeness.
[正] Mary was angry at Tom's rudeness.
注:对"人"生气可以用其所长 be angry with sb.;对"事"生气可以用 be angry at/about sth.,不能用 angry with sth., 但可以说 angry with sb. for sth..

492. 他激动得一句话也说不出来.
[误] He was only too excited to say a word.
[正] He was too excited to say a word.
注:在一般情况下,too...to do 结构具有否定意义.但是,当 all too, but too, only too, quite too 与动词不定式连用时, 就没有否定意义了.例如:They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves.(他们都满足于不费脑筋思考就采纳别人的观点.)I'm only too pleased to help you.(我很高兴帮助你.) They are but too glad to do so.(他们很高兴这样做.)

493. 她是个忙人.
[误] She's a busy-body.
[正] She's a busy woman.
注:busy-body 是"多嘴多舌,爱管闲事的人"."忙人"应该是 a busy man 或 a busy woman.

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494. 法律宣布所有此类婚姻都无效.
[误] The law announced all such marriages null and void.
[正] The law declared all such marriages null and void.
注:declare(宣布),是正式负责地公开宣布.如 declare war/peace(宣布战争/和平)等.announce 宣布,有预告的意 思,尤指"宣布(公众有兴趣的或足以满足公众好奇心的事情)".如 announce a discovery/marriage(宣布一项发现/婚 姻).

495. 你可以在这些座位中挑任何一个.
[误] You may take anyone of these seats.
[正] You may take any one of these seats.
注:anyone 是"任何人"的意思,不是"任何一个",anyone 后面加 of these seats 是不通的.any one 是"任何一个",后面 可用 of 加名词或代词.

496. 那份英语论文中有什么重要的内容吗
[误] Is there any important thing in that English paper
[正] Is there anything important in that English paper
注:在问句中,anything 必须合成一个词,此外 anything,nothing 等复合代词被修饰时,形容词应置于其后,而不是其 前.

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谢谢

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hxl670723 说:

谢谢

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不客气~

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497. 爱丽丝的书写比她班级里的其他任何人都好.
[误] Alice's handwriting is better than anyone's in her class.
[正] Alice's handwriting is better than anyone else's in her class.
注:在进行差级比较时,由于 Alice 本人也是这个班级的一员,所以不能说"比班级里任何人",只能说"比班级里其他任何人", 这样才符合逻辑.

498. 我们被如画的山景迷住了.
[误] We were appealed by the picturesque scenery of the mountains.
[正] We were fascinated/charmed by the picturesque scenery of the mountains.
[正] The pcturesque scenery of the mountains appeal to us.
注:appeal 作"引起兴趣,有吸引力"解,是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态结构,且只能以事物作主语.如以人作主语,则应 用 charm 和 fascinate 的被动结构.

499. 他显得很伤心.
[误] He is appearing very sad.
[正] He appears very sad.
注:appear 后跟形容词时意指"似乎","显得".通常不用于进行时态,可以用一般现在时表示目前的状况.

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500. 不要以貌取人.
[误] Don't judge by appearance.
[正] Don't judge by appearances.
注:指看得见但可能是假相的外表时,appearance 广泛应用复数形式,区别于一般的,看得见的外表或相貌.

501. 他装成一副老实,无辜的面孔.
[误] He has put on the look of honesty, innocence.
[正] He has put on the appearance of honesty, innocence.
注:appearance(外观,外表),指人或物的可见外貌,有时含有"外表如此,其实不然"的意思.look 指"外表,神情"更着重 神态,气色,表情等具体方面.

502. 他努力学习研究生课程.
[误] He applies himself to study his postgraduate courses.
[正] He applies himself to studying his postgraduate courses.
注:apply oneself to... 表示"集中精力做某事",但其中 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接不定式.

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503. 深感赞赏的观众对表演报以雷动的掌声.
[误] The highly appreciable audience loudly applauded the performance.
[正] The highly appreciative audience loudly applauded the performance.
注:尽管 appreciable 和 appreciative 均源于动词 appreciate,但两者意义大相径庭,不可混淆.前者意为"可以估计的, 可以看到的";而后者意为"有欣赏力的,深感赞赏的".

504. 我非常感谢你的厚意.
[误] I greatly appreciate you for your kindness.
[正] I greatly appreciate your kindness.
注:这里的 appreciate 意为"感谢",但句型与 thank 不同.后者可接人称代词,但 appreciate 后不可接人称代词,只可接 sb's sth.,也可后接 it,再跟 when 或 if 引导的从句.

505. 她非常感激我的帮助.
[误] She was very appreciative for my help.
[正] She was very appreciative of my help.
注:形容词 appreciative 意为"感激的/感谢的".若要表示"对......表示感激/感谢的",appreciative 后要接介词 of 引导的短 语,不能由 for 代替.

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506. 我不能支持一项我从来赞成的政策.
[误] I cannot support a policy which I have never approved.
[正] I cannot support a policy of which I have never approved.
注:approve 用作及物动词表示"批准,通过"的意思.当表示"赞成"的意思时,approve 是不及物动词,所以在带有宾语时, 必须用 approve of.

507. 任何人,只要是人,就会经常犯错误.
[误] Anyone who is human is apt to make mistakes now and then.
[正] Anyone who is human is liable to make mistakes now and then.
注:be apt to 和 be liable to 意思均为"易于......的","有......倾向的".这两个说法有时可以互换,不过 apt to 所指的倾向 可好可坏,而 liable to 多指与主语不利的倾向,更强调本性,脾气和习惯形成的倾向.

508. 五千英镑是一大笔钱.
[误] Five thousand pounds are a lot of money.
[正] Five thousand pounds is a lot of money.
注:当复数名词用来表示一个单独的数量或距离时,便可将其作为单数看待.所以误句中的 are 应为 is.

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509. 我只能匀出15分钟与你讨论这件事.
[误] Fifteen minutes are all that I can spare to talk over this matter with you. [正] Fifteen minutes is all that I can spare to talk over this matter with you. 注:当作度量,时间等的复数名词,通常被当作一个整体来看,谓语动词应采取单数形式.例如:Twenty years in prison was the penalty he had to pay.(25年监禁是他必须接受的惩罚.)

510. 恐怕已经发生了困难.
[误] I'm afraid a difficulty has risen.
[正] I'm afraid a difficulty has arisen.
注:arise(arose, arisen)现在主要用于无形的东西,说"(困难,麻烦,矛盾等)发生"可用 arise.rise 通常用于有形的东 西,表示"升起".

511. 我不喜欢现代艺术.
[误] I don't like modern arts.
[正] I don't like modern art.
注:当 art 作为"艺术"解时,是个抽象名词,因此是不可数名词,如:classical art(古典艺术),folk art(民间艺术), abstract art(抽象艺术)等.当 art 作"(做某事的)技术,技艺"解时,可数不可数都行.art 还可指"文科学科",这时用复数 形式:Bachelor of Arts(文学学士).本句的 modern art 指的是"现代艺术",故不能用复数.

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512. 你只要看一下她的住房,就会知道她是一位艺术家了.
[误] You have only to see her house to know she is very artful.
[正] You have only to see her house to know she is very artistic.
注:artful 是个贬义词,意思是"狡猾的,欺诈的,诡计多端的".而 artistic 是个褒义词,含有"有审美力的,有艺术技巧的". 如:an artistic flower arrangement(富于艺术性的插花).本句中应该用 artistic,说明被讲述者的艺术气质.

513. 这条裙子是我趁打折时买的.
[误] I got this skirt from bargain.
[正] I got this skirt on sale.
注:"打折"的正确英语应为"a bargain sale"或"sale".若想说"趁打折的时候买的......"应为"get ... on sale".另外,作为名 词的 bargain 还有"物美价廉的商品","价格便宜的商品"的意思.说某种商品正在打折销售,可用 be on sale 来表达.类例: (1) This shirt was a bargain.这件衬衣真是便宜.(2) I bought this jacket on sale.我是在打折的时候买的这件夹克.(3) I got it at half price.我是半价买下(这件商品)的.

514. 她是个明星.
[误] She is a TV talent.
[正] She is a celebrity.
注电视)演员不可以说"talent","talent"有具备某种才能或技能的意思,并不代表艺人.和电视演员最相近的词 是"celebrity","celebrity"可泛指名人,从中可以联想到演艺界的知名人士

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xuexi

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

515. 我刚刚插上插座.
[误] I just put the plug in the consent.
[正] I just put the plug in the outlet.
注:美式英语的"插座"是 outlet,英式英语是"socket".电器的电源插头插入插座,用 plug;拔出时用 unplug.插电门用 put the plug 表示.类例:Jamie, don't put your fingers in the outlet. / The lamp isn't plugged in. / Plugs in China have two pins or three pins.中国的插头有两脚的或三脚的.

516. 这是我的女朋友.
[误] This is my lover.
[正] This is my girlfriend.
注:英语中"lover"不只有恋人的意思,也有情人,情妇或情夫的含义,暗指两人之间有性关系.正确的说法是 girlfriend(女朋 友,恋人)或 boyfriend(男朋友,恋人).类例ennis is my boyfriend.丹尼斯是我的恋人/男朋友./ Helen and Ross are going with each other.海伦和罗斯在恋爱.

517. 新办公室很宽敞.
[误] The new office is very wide.
[正] The new office is very spacious.
注:wide 是 narrow 的反义词,意为宽阔的,指横向幅度,例如:a wide river 一条宽阔的河流.表示房间的空间很大,不可 以用 wide,而用 spacious 或 large.类例:The house was old and not very big.这栋房子很旧,而且也不大./ The highways in America are very wide.美国的公路很宽阔./ I love your new apartment. It's so roomy.我喜欢你的新公 寓,这么宽敞.

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518. 我有很多男性朋友.
[误] I have many boyfriends.
[正] I have many male friends.
注:英语中 boyfriend 指的是男朋友,恋人."男性的朋友"是 male friend,male 的意思是男性的.类例:Steve isn't my boyfriend. He's just a friend.史蒂夫不是我的男友,只是个朋友./ Most of my guy friends are good cooks.我的很多男 性朋友都是好的厨师.

519. 我的朋友住公寓大楼.
[误] My friend lives in a mansion.
[正] My friend lives in an apartment.
注:mansion 指的是有钱人住的大宅第.如果有人说"I live in a mansion",那一定会使人惊讶,人们一定会以为他很有钱. 公寓在英语中可以说 apartment 或 condo (condominium 的简略形式).类例:I wish I were rich enough to live in a mansion.我希望我很有钱,可以住在大宅子里./ Mike has a European style mansion in New York.迈克在纽约有一座欧 洲风格的宅第./ I have a large studio apartment in Bejing.我在北京有一个独单.(studio apartment 指只有一间居室 的公寓房)

520. 我想当一名地勤人员.
[误] I want to be a ground hostess.
[正] I want to work at an airport counter.
注:英语中"hostess"是空中小姐的意思.可是,ground hostess 就完全是中式英语了.在英语中,不只是这个例子,对于某 些职业,与其说职业名,倒不如说出具体的工作内容更好.例如:我是数学教师,可以说成 I'm a maths teacher,虽然不算 错,但是还是说 I teach maths 更为地道.类例:Wendy is a flight attendant for the Northwest.温迪是西北航空公司的 乘务员./ Donald teaches English at a high school.唐纳德是中学英语老师./ Penny works at the information desk. 彭妮在询问处工作.

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521. 他很有趣.
[误] He's so interesting.
[正] He's so funny.
注:interesting 是指有趣味的, 引起好奇(或注意)的."让人发笑,令人觉得有趣"可以说 funny.和 funny 相近的其他词有 humorous(幽默的),amusing(引人发笑的,有趣的)等.用 funny 主语是人;用 humorous,amusing 主语是物.类 例:She's hilarious.她令人发笑./ He's a scream.他是个会搞笑的人./ She's such a laugh.她真是个开心果.

522. 能给我减价吗
[误] Price down
[正] Can I get a discount
注rice down 为中式英语.discount 有打折,减价的意思.除了 Can I get a discount,还可以说:Could you give me a discount 类例:Any chance of a discount 便宜点行吗 / Could you knock the price down 价钱能否低点

523. 真是个好消息!
[误] That's a great news!
[正] That's great news!
[正] That's a piece of great news!
注: No a before news. Though news looks like a plural noun, it is, as a matter of fact, an uncountable noun.

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524. 这是一则重要的消息.
[误] It's an important information.
[正] It's a piece of important information.
[正] It's an important piece of information.
[正] It's important information.
注: (1) No an before the uncountable noun information. (2) The second sentence above is not wrong, but it is not as good as the third and the fourth sentences.

525. 医生即研究医学和行医的人.
[误] Doctor is one who has studied medical science and practices medicine. [正] A doctor is one who has studied medical science and practices med.
注: (1) Doctor is a countable noun. A singular countable noun cannot stand alone and must always go with a determiner(限定词) (e.g., a/an, the, my, his, that). E.g.: A hospital is a place where sick people are cared for.

526. 走着去大约只有十分钟的路.
[误] It's only about ten-minute walk.
[正] It's only about a ten-minute walk.
注: Walk used as a noun means walking for pleasure or exercise (take a walk), a short trip that you make by walking (an easy walk from the school to the post office) or a distance walked often in terms of the time required (an hour's walk from home). It's a countable noun and used with a. (E.g.: take a walk; have a walk; go for a walk; a ten-minute walk; take somebody/something for a walk)

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527. 依 Jeff 来看,James 不是 Becky 的理想男友.
[误] According to Jeff's opinion, James is not the ideal boyfriend for Becky.
[正] According to Jeff, James is not the ideal boyfriend for Becky. [正] In Jeff's opinion, James is not the ideal boyfriend for Becky. 注: We use according to to express where information or ideas have come from. According to is not used with words like view or opinion. E.g.: According to Rita, her boss is very bossy. According to the timetable, the plane arrives at 8:00 p.m. According to the latest news reports, the government forces have pushed back the terroirsts and retaken the town. in my/his/her opinion in her view

528. 接连的网球赛影响了Meg 的体力.
[误] The fatigue of back-to-back tennis games effected Meg's stamina.
[正] The fatigue of back-to-back tennis games affected Meg's stamina.

529. 我到了之后再给你打电话.
[误] I'll call you after I will arrive.
[正] I'll call you after I arrive.
[正] I'll call you after I have arrived.
[正] I'll call you after my arrival.
注: After, before, until, as soon as, when, and if are not followed by a future tense but by a present tense to indicate a future meaning. 这类词要接现在时态,表将来意思.

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530. 别担心.两周后我就回来.
[误] Don't worry. I'll be back after two weeks.
[正] Don't worry. I'll be back in two weeks.
注: To say how long before something will happen in the future, use in, not after. In other words, to refer to a period of time that stretches from the moment of speaking/writing to a point in the future, use in. E.g.: Mark will be back in an hour.(一小时后) The assistant manager position will be open in two weeks.(两周后) Auditions for the ballet school will start in two weeks.(两周后)

531. 我想在50岁时退休.
[误] I want to retire at age 50.
[正] I want to retire at the age of 50.
注: (1) You do something at the age of 50 or at 50 or when you are 50 years of age (not at age 50). (2) The expression is at the age of (with the). (3) However, sometimes in scientific studies, the might be omitted. 在科学研究中,有时 the 会省略掉的. E.g.: I began to study English at the age of two. Kate began to deliver newspapers early every morning at the age of eight. At the age of three weeks, all the experimental rats began to rapidly gain weight.

532(a). Earl的爸爸去世有三年了.
[误] Earl's father died for three years.
[正] Earl's father died three years ago.(三年前死的)
[正] Earl's father passed away three years ago.(三年前死的)
[正] Earl's father has been dead for three years.(已死三年了)

532(b). Samantha 离开台湾有三年了.
[误] Samantha left Taiwan for three years.
[正] Samantha left Taiwan three years ago.(三年前离开的)
[正] Samatha has been away from Tainwan for three years.(已离开三年了) 注: (1) Use ago to say how long before the present time something happened. It is usually used with a past tense, not with a perfect tense.

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533. Chandra 的男朋友三年前死于车祸.
[误] Chandra's boyfriend died in a car accident since three years ago.
[正] Chandra's boyfriend died in a car accident three years ago.(三年前死的) [正] It's been three years since Chandra's boyfriend died in a car accident.(已死三年了)
534.我们不许人们在大楼里抽烟.
[误] We don't allow people smoking in the building.
[正] We don't allow people to smoke in the building.
[正] We don't allow smoking in the building.
[正] People are not allowed to smoke in the building.
[正] Smoking is not allowed in the building.
535.我说英语,我丈夫也说英语.
[误] I speak English, and my husband speaks English also.
[正] I speak English, and my husband speaks English, too.
[正] I speak English, and my husband also speaks English .
[正] My husband and I both speak English.(我和丈夫都说英语) 注: (1) Too is similar to also in meaning, but not in usage.

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536.我又花了三天时间才作完这首诗.
[误] I've got three other days to finish the poem.
[正] I've got another three days to finish the poem.
[正] I've got three more days to finish the poem.

537.如果您能为我的Flying High out of a Tibetan Valley写个书评,我将不胜感激.
[误] I'd greatly appreciate if you would write a review of my book Flying High out of a Tibetan Valley.
[正] I'd greatly appreciate it if you would write a review of my book Flying High out of a Tibetan Valley.

538.机长向乘客保证没有危险.
[误] The captain of the plane assured that there was no danger.
[正] The captain of the plane assured the passengers that there was no danger.
注: Assure means to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, especially in order to remove doubt about it.

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539.有500多来宾出席了在大学举行的为期两天的中国艺术展.
[误] Over 500 guests joined the two-day Chinese art exhibition at Saint Leo University.
[正] Over 500 guests attended the two-day Chinese art exhibition at Saint Leo University.
注: (1) Attend means to be present at an event or activity or to go regularly to a place, for example, to a school as a student or to a church as a member.
540.对如此劣行该采取什么措施
[误] What should be done about such bad behaviors
[正] What should be done about such bad behavior
注: Behavior means the way that someone behaves.

541.你喜欢打(篮)球吗
[误] Do you like to paly balls
[误] Do you like to paly with balls
[正] Do you like to paly basketball (volleyball/baseball/soccer )
[正] Do you want to paly ball
这个节目结束了~~

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

谢谢LZ 很有用.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

A:Will you swim with us?
B: Will a duck swim?
翻译×：A:你愿意与我们一起去游泳吗？
B: 鸭子愿意游泳吗？
翻译√：A:你愿意与我们一起去游泳吗？
B: 这还用问吗？
分析：
Will a duck swim? 是口语，意思为“这还用问吗？”，“当然愿意”。很生动形象的一句哦，而且正好顺应那句问题的语境都是以swim为关键词。
有个意思正相反的：pigs fly什么时候猪也会飞呢？看例句：
-Will you swim with us? 你和我们一起游泳去吗？
-When pigs fly! 死都不去！

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今日翻译例句：

Jenny was with child when she left Guangzhou.
翻译×：詹妮离开广州时是带着孩子一起走的。
翻译√：詹妮离开广州时已怀孕了。
分析：
With child 是习语，意思为怀孕。若在child之前加个不定冠词a，即with a child，意思就变成了“带着孩子”了。可见，名词前有无冠词，意思大相径庭。这种细微之处的区别，想必在这几期的节目中大家已经深有感触了吧，一起来回顾一下：
Word & words：多一个s少一个s，有什么区别？>>
lose heart 和lose your heart，也是多了一个物主形容词，意思就大行径庭了>>
顺便说一下，其实怀孕的女人不会很直接的说I'm pregnant，大多数情况下会用其他的方式表达，好比中文里我们会用“有了”来指代“怀孕”，这里with child是一种说法，也会用carry a child来表达，所以，carry a child这个短语出现时，也要考虑上下文语境再做翻译哦。

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今日翻译例句：

The chairman of the board of directors did not receive Walker yesterday because he was a walk-in.
翻译×：董事长昨天不接待步行者，因为他是擅自走进来的。
翻译√：董事长昨天不接待沃克，因为他是未经预约而来的。
分析：
原句中的Walker是来人的姓氏，若是“步行者”，则前应有冠词，并且不该大写。而walk-in，意思为“未经预约而来的人”，也就是中文里的“不速之客”。
walk-in表示“不速之客”，walk-on则意为“跑龙套的、临时演员”，不要记错啦。周星驰的《喜剧之王》中那个“死跑龙套”的，就是walk-on，也就是我们常说的“路人甲”。

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今日翻译例句：

我喜欢早晨喝一杯浓茶，它会让我精神振作。
翻译×：I love a cup of thick tea in the morning, which will refresh me.
翻译√：I love a cup of strong tea in the morning, which will refresh me.
分析：
汉英两种语言在长期的使用过程中形成了各自固定的词组和搭配用法，汉语中的“浓”在英语中要根据不同的搭配选用不同的词，如dense, strong, thick等等。例如：
“浓茶”：strong tea；
“浓墨”：dark/thick ink；
“浓雾”：dense/thick/heavy fog；
“浓密的丛林”：a thick forest；
“浓妆”：heavy makeup
注意这里以strong tea表示“浓茶”，strong这个词还能表示“眼镜的度数”，如：How strong are your glasses? 就是问你的眼镜是多少度的。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

别灰心，一切都会好起来。
翻译×：Don't lose your heart. Everything will be all right soon.
翻译√：Don't lose heart. Everything will be all right soon.
分析：
两个翻译看起来很接近，但是意思却完全不同。短语lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被......俘虏去”、“爱上......”的意思，例如：
读了他写的诗，她就深深地爱上了他。
She lost her heart to him after reading his poem.
而lose heart才表示“灰心丧气，丧失勇气或信心”。所以在这里，“别灰心”应该翻译为Don't lose heart。
另外，在英语中，有很多用heart表达的短语，例如：
break someone's heart是指“使...心碎”，这句在美剧和电影里常听到的，某女人万分哀怨地说You broke my heart!
have a heart是指“发慈悲”、“怜悯”的含义，考试不及格，哀求老师的时候可以说：Have a heart！
have a heart of gold是指“有一颗仁厚的心”，中文里同样有“一颗金子般的心”这样的比喻；而heart of stone就表示“铁石心肠”
have one's heart in one's mouth表示“提心吊胆”、“担心”；
take something to heart表示“对（批评等）很在意或感到不快”，我们会说“别把这事放在心上”，那么就可以翻译成：Don't take this to heart. 或者简单一点说：Take your mind off it.

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Bob never has words with his neighbours.
翻译×：鲍勃从不与他的邻居说话。
翻译√：鲍勃从来不与他的邻居吵嘴。
分析：
Have words with someone是习语，意思为“与某人吵嘴”。应注意与习语have a word with one辨别开来，后者才是“与某人谈话”。两者的区别是：前者的word取复数形式，无冠词，后者取单数形式，带不定冠词a这个需要好好记住哦。
另外，word还可以表达“承诺”：
Take my word for it. 相信我，没错的。
You've got my word/I'll give you my word. 我向你保证。
He is a man of his word. 他是一个一诺千金的人。
那么word还有别的意思吗？有的：
Word has it that he is still alive. 有消息说他还活着。
He's sent word that he would not come home till June. 他传了口信，说六月份再回家。
看到啦，一个小小的word也有各种意思，这些用法记得区分不要混淆哦，最好能记住并熟练运用，小词一样可以派上大用场！

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今日翻译例句：

这么重要的事情你怎么能瞒着我。
翻译×：How can you not tell me such an important matter?
翻译√：How can you keep such an important matter from me?
分析：
在英语中，我们经常用tell sb. sth.表示“告诉某人某事”，比如：She told me a secret. 我们将其翻译为：“她告诉我一个秘密。”
但是“不告诉某人”并不能准确的表达出“瞒着某人”这个概念，后者有故意不告诉某人的内涵，所以在这里，用not tell me such an important matter并不是很准确。但是keep sth. from sb.则表示“不把某事告诉某人，瞒着某人”，例如：
他有一个秘密瞒着我。
我们就可以翻译为：He is keeping a secret from me.
除此之外，还可以用hide这个词来表示“隐瞒”，例如：
You're hiding some important facts. 你在隐瞒某些重要事实。
conceal也可以表达相同的含义，例如: He conceals the news from his mother. 他对他母亲隐瞒这个消息。

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今日翻译例句：

The employer has made a yellow-dog contract with David.
翻译×：雇主与大卫签订了一个买卖黄狗的合同。
翻译√：雇主与大卫签订了不加入工会的雇佣契约。
分析：
yellow-dog contract 是美国俚语，意为“以工人不参加工会为前提的雇佣契约”。在美国历史上，这种“黄狗条约”曾经“风行一时”，因为很多雇主都不希望自己手下的工人在工会领导下跟自己做对。1932年立法禁止此种条约的签署。
“黄狗条约”被废除之后，这个名字yellow-dog contract也有了新的引申义：non-compete clauses within or appended to a non-disclosure agreement，保密协议中的非竞争条款，也就是，员工不得在辞职后继续供职于同行业中的其他公司企业。今年6月，IBM的前任技术服务经理乔安妮奥尔森离职并加盟同是IT行业的Oracle，就被IBM起诉，指控其违反了与IBM签署的非竞争条约。像这样的条约于是也被称为yellow-dog clause或者yellow-dog contract。
yellow-dog的原意是什么呢？来看Merriam Webster词典给出的解释：
1: mean, contemptible 可耻的
2: of or relating to opposition to trade unionism or a labor union 反对工会的
这个词最早出现在一战时期，用来描述反对政府、偏向德国法西斯主义的人。

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今日翻译例句：

事到如今，我们也只好听其自然了。
翻译×：With things as such, we'll have to listen to the nature.
翻译√：With things as such, we'll have to let nature take its course.
分析：
“听其自然”或者“顺其自然”是我们口头上经常说的一句话，指说话人对事情的发展和结果没有把握或者不能驾驭而产生的一种情绪，这可以说是一种消极的态度，也可以说是一种豁达的观点。例句中的错误翻译在于过于直译汉语成语，而没有找到一个相对应的固定的表达方法。
除了let nature take its course这个表达之外，很多人还用let things slide表示“放任某事”、“任其自然”；也有人用一个更简单的表达let it be来表示“随他去吧”、“不要管他”有种“天要下雨娘要嫁人”的意味哦。无论哪一种表达，都能表达出说话者当时的态度和心境，当然，如何具体翻译，还要根据上下文说话者的具体态度来判断。
小花絮：The Beatles的最后一张专辑名称是？嘿嘿，披头士的第十二张专辑也即他们的最后一张专辑名就叫做Let it be. 如果你是披头士的忠实歌迷，那你也要熟悉let it be这个短语的用法哦。

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今日翻译例句：

His secretary is a yes-man.
翻译×：他的秘书是一个老说“yes”的人。
翻译√：他的秘书没有主见。
分析：
yes-man是口语，意为“唯唯诺诺的人”，“无主见的人”，“应声虫”。朗文字典给出的英语解释为：
someone who always agrees with and obeys their employer, leader etc in order to gain some advantage - used to show disapproval。
总是迎合上级以图私利的人，所以这是一个贬义词。注意这个词的复数形式是yes-men
光看yes-man的字面，有可能理解成the right man或者“能干的人”这种意思；其实类似XX man的复合词还有很多，例如the right-hand man，就相当于中文里的“左右手”，只不过英文说法是只有“右手”：
例句：Max is my father's right-hand man, he took care of mum and me after dad had been put into prison.
Max是我老爸的得力助手，老爸进去之后就是他照顾我们娘俩的。
还有一个词，与right-hand man有稍稍差别：henchman，原意是为主人牵马的随从，后来引申为“忠实追随者”，Merriam-Webster词典的英文释义是：
1. a trusted follower : a right-hand man 追随者，左右手
2. a political follower whose support is chiefly for personal advantage 为图私利而在政治上追随其后的人
3. a member of a gang黑帮成员
所以上面给出的那个颇具黑帮色彩的例句，里面的right-hand man也是可以用henchman代替的哦

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今日翻译例句：

各家都有不可外扬的家丑。
翻译×：Every family has an ugly affair.
翻译√：Every family has a skeleton in the closet.
分析：
“家丑”通常是用a skeleton in the closet/cupboard 或a family's skeleton来表示。在美国用closet，在英国用cupboard，但是含义却是一样的。a skeleton in the closet还可以表示“不可告人的秘密”：
I don't have a skeleton in my closet. 我才没有什么是见不得人的。
He's hiding a skeleton in the closet. 他肯定有什么见不得光的秘密。
另外，skeleton这个词表示“骨架、骷髅”，还表示“瘦骨嶙峋的人或动物”。例如：
she was no more than a skeleton at the end. 我们可以将这句话翻译为：“她最后瘦得皮包骨了。”
skeleton还表示“框架，基本部分”，例如：The skeleton of the report has been finished.我们可以将这句话翻译为：“报告的大纲已经出来了。”
但是，中文里的“家丑不可外扬”，在英语中对应的短语是don't wash your dirty linen in the public，这里用来指代“家丑”的就是dirty linen，是固定的俗语，大家要好好记住哦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

干了一天的活儿后，我睡得像死猪一样。
翻译×：I slept like a dead pig after a day's hard work.
翻译√：I slept like a log after a day's hard work.
分析：
“睡得像死猪一样”在汉语中也是一种夸张的表达方法，形容“睡得很死”，而这样的比喻翻译成英语不能完全采取直译的方法，否则，在英语中起不到同样的效果。
在英语中，也有类似的比喻，只不过用的是sleep like a log， log在英文中表示“圆木、木头”，也比较贴切传神。
在英语口语中，log还经常出现于一些比较生动的表达中，比如：
1. (as) easy as rolling/falling off a log “易如反掌”
2. keep the log rolling “使工作/情况继续下去”
3. lie like a log “像木头似地躺在那里”、“不省人事”早上睡懒觉的人，就是lie like a log~
4. stand (up) to one's lick log “勇敢地应付麻烦事/承担棘手的任务”

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

It was zero hour and the surgeon began the operation on him.
翻译×：零时，外科医生开始为他动手术。
翻译√：关键时刻，外科医生开始为他动手术。
分析：
这句话中的zero hour （名词）不是零时，而是“关键时刻，决定性时刻，紧要关头”的意思。牛津字典给出的解释是：
1.time when a military operation, an attack, etc is planned to start；the time at which a usually significant or notable event is scheduled to take place （部署的军事行动 攻击等的）开始时刻。
例句：Zero-hour is 3.30 am. 发动攻击的时刻是凌晨3时30分.
2. a time when a vital decision or decisive change must be made 作出决定的关键时刻
例句：We're at the zero hour, so someone has to make a decision. 现在是紧要时刻，必须有人拿个主意！
说到zero hour，顺便提一下著名的诺曼底登陆战吧，当时登陆的确切日期和发动攻击的时间就被命名为D-day和H-hour，至于这里的D和H具体表示什么日期和时间呢？其实这里的D还是表示day，H还是表示hour，就是指某天、某个时刻。不过后来，说到D-day的话，大家都会知道，指的就是诺曼底登陆的那一天。
那么可不可以拿zero hour来表示一般时间意义上的“零点”呢？注意哦，零点是中文里的说法，英语中几乎没有说什么zero o'clock的，而是直接说at midnight，或者说12：00 midnight，这才是地道的表达哦，以后记得不要受中文说法的影响啦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

我有一个舒适的家。
翻译×：I have a cozy family.
翻译√：I have a cozy home/house.
分析：
英语中的family,home还有house虽然翻译成汉语时都是“家”，但它们在英语中却不是同义词。
family主要指家庭成员或者家庭这个社会单位，例如：我有一个和睦的家。我们可以将这句话翻译成：I have a harmonious family;
而home主要指家庭成员在一起生活的地方，如：家、家乡、本国；这里既可以指实实在在的家，也有抽象的家的含义。例如，汉语里面经常说的一个俗语“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”，在英文中也有相似的表达，East and west, home is the best;
再如：远离家乡，我很想念我的家人。“家乡”和“家人”就可以分别用home和family来表达。因此，我们可以将这句话翻译为：Being away from my home, I miss my family so much;
而house主要指建筑物、住宅。有个小故事，说的是一个millionaire诉苦：I don't have a home. 旁人问，你的别墅不就在那吗？富翁回答：That is just my house. 所以，差别就在这里啊。
最后还有一个词，经常在新闻报道中见到：household，“家喻户晓”中的那个“户”就是household，所以household name就是指“家喻户晓的名人”。这个词最常用在社会调查中，作为一个基本的调查单位，它所表示的“家庭”并不具有血缘意义上的关系，而是指居住在同一栋房子里的全部人员，户籍统计中我们统计的就是household，而不是home或者family。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

Very good,uncle,you are the doctor.
翻译×：好，伯父（或者舅舅)，你是医生。
翻译√：好，伯父（或者舅舅)，我听你的。
分析：
you are the doctor经常在口语里使用，意思为“我听你的”，“你说得对”
除此之外，Doctor当动词时，有两个意思值得大家注意：
1. (inf. 口) add sth harmful to (food or drink)
将有害物质搀入食物或饮料中:
例句：They doctored her fruit juice with vodka and she got very drunk.
他们在她喝的果汁里搀入了伏特加酒致使她酩酊大醉.
2. (inf. 口) change (sth) in order to deceive
窜改, 伪造（某事物）
例句：doctor the evidence, the accounts, a report
伪造证据 窜改帐目 作假报告.
话说看到doctor这个词作为动词的这两个用法，不知为何有种“庸医”的感觉啊……其实我们平时所说的“庸医”，在口语中有个很好玩的表达：quack，原意是鸭子的嘎嘎叫声。He is a quack，就是“他是个庸医”。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

Bob said to me, "You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours," after I praised his fine performance before the boss.
翻译×：我在老板面前称赞了鲍勃的优良业绩后，他对我说：“你抓我的背，我也抓你的背。”
翻译√：我在老板面前称赞了鲍勃的优良业绩后，他对我说：“你帮我，我也帮你。”
各种翻译版本：
“奶声奶气版”：BOB说，我们俩好兄弟，你帮我挠痒痒，我再帮你挠。（俩相亲相爱的小猴儿~）
“刀光剑影版”：我在上司面前赞扬了鲍勃的良好表现，他对我说：“你敬我一尺我敬你一丈”。（鲍勃大哥你这话说得是有多咬牙切齿……）
“江湖义气版”：我在老板面前美言了一番Bob的工作表现后，他说“你捧了我的场，我也会捧你场的。”
“古色古香版”：当我在老板面前表扬了Bob的出色表现后，Bob对我说：“今日君投我以桃，他日我必报之以李。”（老板说，乃们什么时候发展的JQ……）
“国军兄弟版”：我在老板面前表扬了鲍勃的出色表现，他感激的说：“你拉我了一把，我也会拉你一把。”（小弟日后就仰仗大哥你了，抱拳！）
分析：
You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours是谚语。意为“你帮/捧我，我也帮/捧你。”
例句如下：
The contract went to a friend of the chief accountant: it's (a case of) you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.
承包合同批给了总会计师的朋友, （可谓）各有好处 串通一气.
注意这是口语里的说法，比较随意，所以类似于“投桃报李”、“投我以木桃，报之以琼瑶”之类的译法，太过“美化”原文了，语气上来说会不太对等哦~
此外，还有几个习语大家可以记下~
1 scratch one's head
think hard in a puzzled way about what to do or say 挠头; 伤脑筋; 费思量:
* We've been scratching our heads for a solution to the problem.
我们一直苦苦思索, 想找到解决这一问题的方法.
2 scratch the surface (of sth)
treat a subject or deal with a problem without being thorough 对待或处理一问题不深入彻底
* This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the topic.
这篇文章很短, 只能对这一问题作肤浅的探讨.
* The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface.
饥荒十分严重, 援助也只是杯水车薪.
3 (start sth) from scratch （此时scratch为名词）
(begin sth) at the beginning, not using any work that was done before 白手起家，从零开始
* There were so many spelling mistakes, I had to write the letter out again from scratch.
这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍.
*He started his empire from scratch.
他白手起家，创立起自己的企业。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

你怎么想没有关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。
翻译×：What you think does not matter. The important problem is how you do it.
翻译√：What you think does not matter. The important thing is how you do it.
分析
“问题”这个词最常见的英文对等词是question和problem。然而，例句中的“重要的问题”是指“关键所在”或“重要的事”，所以，可以翻译为 the important thing，或者用句式what really matters is...
此外“问题”在汉语中还有多种含义，比如“故障”、“话题”、“关键所在”等等。例如：我的电脑出问题了。我们可以将这句话翻译为：something is wrong with my computer.
所以说，不是所有的“问题”都要翻译成problem，上述几个例子都是避免直接使用词义对等的单词来进行翻译，除此之外，我们还可以用其他词汇来表达“问题”的含义，如issue：
在这个问题上我们采取了决不妥协的强硬态度。
We adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue.
需要注意的是issue是相当正式的一个词，适合在正式场合使用，例如“国际问题”，统一的译法就是international issues；这个词和problem、question的区别在于，根据Webster词典的释义，issue表示：a point, matter, or question to be disputed or decided，有待商讨的问题，这里有一个微妙的shade of meaning，如果我们要力求精准的翻译，那么“性别歧视问题”应当翻译成the problem of gender discrimination，而不是the issue of gender discrimination，因为gender discrimination这个问题没有讨价还价的余地，而是只有唯一的解决方法，即消除歧视，put an end to the discrimination。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

他能被选为留学生，真不简单！
翻译×：It's really not easy for him to be chosen to study abroad.
翻译√：It's quite something for him to be chosen to study abroad.
分析：
造成这句话误译的根本原因是译者对短语“真不简单”的翻译出现了问题。这位译者只从字面含义出发，将“真不简单”翻译为：it is really not easy to do sth. 含义变成了“要被选为留学生并不容易。”
我们将这个译文同例句“能被选为留学生，真不简单”进行对比，就会发现这两句话表达的含义还是略有差别的。例句中的短语“真不简单”并不仅仅表达了“不容易、困难”的含义，它还有一种感叹的含义，表达了说话人对某事或某人的一种艳羡、赞叹的感情。而短语it is not easy to do sth. 是不具备这样的含义的。
事实上，在英文中，短语quite something的含义正是“不寻常的”、“非常好的”、“令人惊讶的”等，其含义同汉语“真不简单”是相同的。因此，这句话的准备翻译应该是：It's quite something for him to be chosen to study abroad.
口语中也经常用That's something!来表达赞叹之情。例如，某个同学买了辆很拉风的新车，你就可以说：Wow，that's really something！

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

He is a white-haired boy of the general manager.
翻译×：他是总经理的一个早生白发的儿子。
翻译√：他是总经理的大红人。
分析：
white-haired boy 和 fair-haired boy 是口语，意思都是“大红人”，“宠儿”。
The “white-haired boy” sometimes called “fair-haired boy” is used to describe those people who can get special treatment as if they were above everybody else. They are the favorite to some people.
White-haired boy又可以叫做fair-haired boy是指那些总能得到特别关照的人，比如职场中受老板欢迎的职员或是学校中受老师认可的学生等。
Examples:
At home, the youngest son is the fair-haired boy.
在家中，最小的儿子是最受宠爱的人。
As the white-haired boy, she got her promotion as expected soon.
作为公司的大红人，如大家所想的一样她很快升了职。
同样的一个说法还有blue-eyed：He is the blue-eyed boy of the teacher. 这里也同样是“宠儿、大红人”的意思，这个短语应该更加好记哦，因为和中文里的“青眼有加、青睐”很对应~
注意《白毛女》的英文译名就是The white-haired girl，这里的white-haired用的是本意，白头发的，不要弄混啦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

他能被选为留学生，真不简单！
翻译×：It's really not easy for him to be chosen to study abroad.
翻译√：It's quite something for him to be chosen to study abroad.
分析：
造成这句话误译的根本原因是译者对短语“真不简单”的翻译出现了问题。这位译者只从字面含义出发，将“真不简单”翻译为：it is really not easy to do sth. 含义变成了“要被选为留学生并不容易。”
我们将这个译文同例句“能被选为留学生，真不简单”进行对比，就会发现这两句话表达的含义还是略有差别的。例句中的短语“真不简单”并不仅仅表达了“不容易、困难”的含义，它还有一种感叹的含义，表达了说话人对某事或某人的一种艳羡、赞叹的感情。而短语it is not easy to do sth. 是不具备这样的含义的。
事实上，在英文中，短语quite something的含义正是“不寻常的”、“非常好的”、“令人惊讶的”等，其含义同汉语“真不简单”是相同的。因此，这句话的准备翻译应该是：It's quite something for him to be chosen to study abroad.
口语中也经常用That's something!来表达赞叹之情。例如，某个同学买了辆很拉风的新车，你就可以说：Wow，that's really something！

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

我们在学校的时候要好好学习知识。
翻译×：We need to study/learn knowledge well at school.
翻译√：We need to acquire/gain knowledge well at school.
分析：
英语“knowledge” 表示“知识”、“学识”，是一个抽象名词，例如：他缺少金钱，但富于学问。我们可以将这句话翻译为：He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge.
在汉语中，我们的习惯搭配是“学习知识”，所以，很多人想当然地把其翻译为study/learn knowledge，但却不符合英语的习惯表达法，通常来说，“学习知识或获取知识”要用gain或者acquire来搭配，而study和learn经常是学习一样具体的东西或者事物；
常见与knowledge搭配的动词有:
share the knowledge with sb. 表示“与某人分享知识、告诉某人”
spread knowledge “传播知识”
broaden/ extend/improve/increase knowledge “拓宽知识面，增加了解”。所以，要根据不同的搭配选用不同的动词。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

今日翻译例句：

你怎么想没有关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。
翻译×：What you think does not matter. The important problem is how you do it.
翻译√：What you think does not matter. The important thing is how you do it.
分析
“问题”这个词最常见的英文对等词是question和problem。然而，例句中的“重要的问题”是指“关键所在”或“重要的事”，所以，可以翻译为 the important thing，或者用句式what really matters is...
此外“问题”在汉语中还有多种含义，比如“故障”、“话题”、“关键所在”等等。例如：我的电脑出问题了。我们可以将这句话翻译为：something is wrong with my computer.
所以说，不是所有的“问题”都要翻译成problem，上述几个例子都是避免直接使用词义对等的单词来进行翻译，除此之外，我们还可以用其他词汇来表达“问题”的含义，如issue：
在这个问题上我们采取了决不妥协的强硬态度。
We adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue.
需要注意的是issue是相当正式的一个词，适合在正式场合使用，例如“国际问题”，统一的译法就是international issues；这个词和problem、question的区别在于，根据Webster词典的释义，issue表示：a point, matter, or question to be disputed or decided，有待商讨的问题，这里有一个微妙的shade of meaning，如果我们要力求精准的翻译，那么“性别歧视问题”应当翻译成the problem of gender discrimination，而不是the issue of gender discrimination，因为gender discrimination这个问题没有讨价还价的余地，而是只有唯一的解决方法，即消除歧视，put an end to the discrimination。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

这是一则重要的消息。
This is an important news.
It's a piece of important information.
It's an important piece of information.
It's important imformation.

医生即研究医学和行医的人。
Doctor is a both researcher in medicine and worker at hospital.
A doctor is one who has studied medical science and practices med.
走着去大约只有十分钟的路。
It's about ten minuts walk-road.
It's only about a ten-minute walk.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style: My one is very nice.
American Style: Mine is very nice.

Chinese Style: Though I told him not to come but he insisted.
American Style :Though I told him not to come he insisted.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style: He cut his hair.
American Style: He had his hair cut.

Chinese Style: I'm having a headache.
American Style :I have a headache. OR I've got a headache.

Chinese Style: I'll give to you next week.
American Style :I'll give it to you next week.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style :She is taller compared to Ali.
American Style: She is taller than Ali.

Chinese Style :I hope you would do it quickly.
American Style: I hope you will do it quickly/

Chinese Style :I want to know what is the matter.
American Style :I want to know what the matter is.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style: The gold is a kind of precious metal.
American Style: Gold is a kind of precious metal.

Chinese Style: Where are you going for the Deepavali ?
American Style : Where are you going for Deepavali ?

Chinese Style : Do you play the table tennis ?
American Style : Do you play table tennis ?

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style： He was so tensed before the interview that he had to take a tranquilliser.
American Style： He was so tense before the interview that he had to take a tranquilliser.

Chinese Style ：I've waited three weeks but I didn't get a single mail.
American Style： I've waited three weeks but I didn't get any mail.

Chinese Style ：What kind of a flower is this ?
American Style： What kind of flower is this ?

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style：Twenty-five-year-old Thomas Pang is regarded as matured enough to be elected president of the party.
American Style ：Twenty-five-year-old Thomas Pang is regarded as mature enough to be elected president of the party.

Chinese Style ：The presence of one corrupted member in the council led to bad administration.
American Style： The presence of one corrupt member in the council led to bad administration.

Chinese Style： The swimming pool is opened to club members five days a week.
American Style ：The swimming pool is open to club members five days a week.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style ：We'll get down at the next bus stop.
American Style ：We'll get off at the next bus stop.

Chinese Style ：Mr. Choy is the personal manager of the company.
American Style： Mr. Choy is the personnel manager of the company.
Chinese Style： The wasteful usage of water in factories leads to a shortage of water.
American Style： The wasteful use of water in factories leads to a shortage of water.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style :I was boring watching that TV program.
American Style :I was bored watching that TV program.

Chinese Style :Why the postman did not come today ?
American Style :Why didn't the postman come today ?

Chinese Style : She will finish schooling in two years' time.
American Style :She will finish her schooling in two years' time.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style:They came out of the blues and snatched my dog away.
American Style: They came out of the blue and snatched my dog away.

Chinese Style :Two hundred over people were present at the meeting.
American Style: Over two hundred people were present at the meeting.

Chinese Style: I cannot understand that map; it is too complicating.
American Style :I cannot understand that map; it is too complicated.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style:The alphabets F.R.C.P. after his name show that he is a medical specialist.
American Style: The letters F.R.C.P. after his name show that he is a medical specialist.

Chinese Style: There were several incidences of burglary in that neighborhood.
American Style: There were several incidents of burglary in that neighborhood.

Chinese Style :You must return back the book by next Friday or you'll be fined.
American Style: You must return the book by next Friday or you'll be fined.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style： I do not know why did this happen.
American Style ：I do not know why this happened.

Chinese Style： University life is not that hard as school life.
American Style ：University life is not as hard as school life.

Chinese Style ：After the shower, the air was nice and cooling
American Style： After the shower, the air was nice and cool

The adjective for something which is at a fairly low temperature is “cool”. The word “cooling” is used for something which causes something else to become cool.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style:This rice is not the same quality like you sold before.
American Style:This rice is not the same quality that you sold before.

Chinese Style:If we practice sports we will enjoy together.
American Style:If we play sports we will enjoy ourselves. OR If we play sports we will enjoy it together.

Chinese Style:Mary's friends advised her don't be so proud.
American Style:Mary's friends advised her not to be so proud.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style： Some badminton players face problems such as do not have a job.
American Style： Some badminton players face problems such as not having a job.

Chinese Style ：I think there will never be another singer as Sudirman.
American Style： I think there will never be another singer like Sudirman.

Chinese Style： You may need English in correspondence or meet foreigners.
American Style ：You may need to know English when writing to or meeting foreigners.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style :You shouldn't worry of getting married.
American Style :You shouldn't worry about getting married.
Chinese Style : My writing needs to be improving.
American Style : My writing needs to be improved.

Chinese Style :Since that incident, I followed my friend's advice.
American Style : Since that incident, I have followed my friend's advice

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中


Chinese Style: James is a matured man of forty.
American Style: James is a mature man of forty.

Chinese Style ak Dollah is very loved by his grandchildren.
American Style :Pak Dollah is much loved by his grandchildren.

Chinese Style: My report will stress on the problem of 'junk food'.
American Style: My report will stress the problem of 'junk food'.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

“拐点”英文怎么说句子：有些经济学家将拐点的数学概念应用于经济学。
　　误译：Some economists applied the mathematical concept of the turning point to economics。
　　正译：Some economists applied the mathematical concept of the inflection point to economics。
　　解释：turning point 具有“转折点”的意思，不可用作数学术语取代 inflection point，作“拐点”解。
　　“拐点”的第一个意思是“曲线上凸与下凹的分界点”，为高等数学术语。英语可以译为inflection point。例如：
　　1. 在这本书里，作者描述了拐点的数学概念，并将其用于商业策略。In this book, the author describes the mathematical concept of the inflection point and applies it to business strategy。
　　“拐点”第二个意思是“某种数值持续向高后转低或者持续向低后转高的转折点”。英语可以译为inflection point 。例如：
　　2. 当农村的剩余劳动力被工业部门吸取殆尽，就会出现“刘易斯拐点”。When the rural surplus labour force is totally absorbed by the industry sector, there will appear the Louise inflection point。
　　“拐点”第三个意思是“市场运行中由高价位开始下跌或由低价位开始上升的转折”。英语可以译为inflection point。例如：
　　3. 有些学者认为楼市拐点即将来临。Some scholars believe that the inflection point is imminent in the real estate market。
　　“拐点”第四个意思是“事物发展过程中运行趋势或运行速率的变化”。英语可以译为 turn。例如：
　　4. 企业越来越担忧信贷市场将会出现拐点。Enterprises have shown growing concerns about a turn in the credit markets。
　　“拐点”第五个意思是“转折点”。英语可以译为 turning point。例如：
　　5. 他在18岁考入北京大学，这是他人生的拐点。He was admitted to Peking University at the age of 18, which was a turning point in his life.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

“核扩散”英文怎么说

句子：日本核电站的核泄漏污染物正在向东扩散。
　　误译：The pollutants introduced by nuclear leakage from a Japanese nuclear power station are extending eastward。
　　正译：The pollutants introduced by nuclear leakage from a Japanese nuclear power station are spreading eastward。
　　解释：“扩散”具有“从扩展和传布，到散布，而影响或占据更大区域或范围”的意思。污染物是可以扩散的。to spread 具有to cover a larger and larger area的意思，相当于“扩散”。而 to extend 的意思是to become longer and larger，即“延伸”，但是污染物是不能延伸的。
　　“扩散”的第一个意思是指“国家影响、人类或信息向外扩展散布”。可以译为to spread。例如：
　　1. 周游许多国家以后，他发现中国的影响正在世界范围扩散。Having travelled in many countries, he found China’s influence is spreading worldwide。
　　2. 如果你扩散你朋友的婚姻秘密，他将会在心理上受到伤害。If you spread around your friend’s secret about his marriage, he will be hurt psychologically。
　　“扩散”的第二个意思是指“对人有害的病毒、感染、癌细胞、毒素、流感、污染物、危机、核武器等扩展传布”。动词可以译为to spread, to diffuse, to disperse, to proliferate。名词可以译为 spread, diffusion, proliferation。例如：
　　3. 他患了肺癌，而且癌细胞已经扩散。He has suffered from lung cancer, and the cancer cells have already proliferated。
　　4. 这座化工厂排放的污染物不断扩散。Pollutants discharged from this chemical works are constantly spreading around。
　　5. 中国政府坚决反对核扩散。The Chinese Government is resolutely opposed to nuclear proliferation.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

感谢分享

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

“有内涵的人”应该怎么译

有内涵的人知道如何表达自己的不满。

翻译×：The people with meaning are aware of how to express their dissatisfaction.
翻译√：The cultured are aware of how to express their dissatisfaction.

分析：

这句话的误译是由于不了解“内涵”一词的具体含义造成的。“内涵”可以指“意义”，在英文中常对应meaning,connotation等词。其中，meaning的意义更易于理解，是我们常说的“含义”，而connotation的意思要复杂一些，指“包括字面意思之外的全部内涵意义”。再者， “内涵”还可以指“一个人的文化、修养”，在英文中对应着culture，上述例句中“有内涵的”指“有文化”、“有修养的”，可以翻译为 cultured。所以“有内涵的人”应该翻译为the cultured。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

“祝贺”应该怎么译

今日翻译例句：


他祝贺我们结婚大喜。
翻译×：He congratulated us happy marriage..
翻译√：He congratulated us on getting married.

分析：

当我们看到短语“祝贺”时，我们就会立刻想到英文单词congratulate，但是在使用了这个单词时，我们往往会出现错误。从文中的角度看，“祝贺我们结婚大喜”这个短语是由一个动词“祝贺”后面连接了“我们”和“结婚大喜”两个宾语。也就是说，中文短语“祝贺”是连接双宾语的动词。但是，在英文中，如果我们使用单词congratulate，我们要知道这个单词的用法不同于中文短语“祝贺”一词。其在英文中的固定表达方式是：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

shanghai？上海？别被拼音弄糊涂

今日翻译例句：


Lily may shanghai Marvin into buying her a diamond ring.
翻译×：莉莉可能与马文一起去上海为她买钻石戒指。
翻译√：莉莉可能用诱骗的手段迫使马文为她买钻石戒指。

分析：

本例中的shanghai（小写）不是指上海，而是一个及物动词，意思为“用诱骗的手段迫使某人做某事”。当作上海时，首字母需要大写。
常用的搭配是~ sb (into doing sth) (口) trick or force sb into doing sth 诱骗或强迫某人做某事:
tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes 被诱骗买昂贵假货的游客.

至于为什么这个词和中文拼音的“上海”一样呢，嘿嘿，它确实是从“上海”这个地名来的。十九世纪中期在美国，有种违法的行为是专门骗人去当水手的，这样的骗子因为有佣金拿，所以无所不用其极，甚至会将人打晕然后在契约（相当于卖身契了）上按下他的手印。因为当时这种被骗的水手通常目的地都是航向上海，于是久而久之这种欺骗的行为就用shanghai这个动词来表示了。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

search的搭配有讲究

今日翻译例句：


警察搜寻那栋房屋，寻找被偷的宝石。

翻译×：The police searched the stolen jewelry in the house.
翻译√：The police searched the house for the stolen jewelry.

分析：

造成这句话误译的根本原因是译者在英文单词search的使用上出现了误译。
首先，search是指“搜查（地方等）”、“搜寻”的含义。我们用这个单词来翻译上述例句是非常符合语境要求的。但是，如果我们将这句话翻译为：The police searched the stolen jewelry in the house.就出现问题了。search后面所接的宾语是表示要搜索的地点或范围，而要搜索的对象是不能直接同动词search搭配使用的。

在英文中，它的习惯表达方式是search sth. for sth. else，我们看到搜索的对象是接在介词for之后的。所以如果我们将其翻译为search the stolen jewelry，其含义就变为“搜查被偷的珠宝，以找到其他的东西”了，这就和原文有很大的出入。我们看到，在这句话中，搜索的范围是“房屋”，而搜寻的对象是“被偷的宝石”，那么其准确的英文表达应该是：search the house for the stolen jewelry。因此，这句话的准确翻译应该是：The police searched the house for the stolen jewelry.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

“学习知识”地道说法是什么

今日翻译例句：


我们在学校的时候要好好学习知识。

翻译×：We need to study/learn knowledge well at school.
翻译√：We need to acquire/gain knowledge well at school.

分析：

英语“knowledge” 表示“知识”、“学识”，是一个抽象名词，例如：他缺少金钱，但富于学问。我们可以将这句话翻译为：He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge.

在汉语中，我们的习惯搭配是“学习知识”，所以，很多人想当然地把其翻译为study/learn knowledge，但却不符合英语的习惯表达法，通常来说，“学习知识或获取知识”要用gain或者acquire来搭配，而study和learn经常是学习一样具体的东西或者事物；

常见与knowledge搭配的动词有:
share the knowledge with sb. 表示“与某人分享知识、告诉某人”
spread knowledge “传播知识”
broaden/ extend/improve/increase knowledge “拓宽知识面，增加了解”。所以，要根据不同的搭配选用不同的动词。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

一个only引起的语意大逆转

今日翻译例句：


她极为高兴地收下了礼物。

翻译×：She is too glad to accept the gift.
翻译√：She is only too glad to accept the gift.

分析：

虽然这两个句型只差了一个单词，但是含以上却相差甚远，句型too...to... 的意思是太...而不能...，所以说这是一个否定句式。例如：He is too excited to speak.他高兴的说不出话来。

而only too...to...的意思却是“正如所愿”“甚为...”所以没有否定的含义。
例如I am only too happy to see you again. 再次见到你，我真是太高兴了。

所以She is too glad to accept the gift的意思其实是“她太高兴了以至于不收礼物”。是错误的翻译哦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Wall可不一定说的就是墙

今日翻译例句：


The wall-to-wall carpeting is used for the staircase, landings and children's bedrooms.

翻译×：那张墙对墙的地毯用于楼梯、楼梯平台和孩子的卧室。
翻译√：那张铺满整个地板的地毯用于楼梯、楼梯平台和孩子的卧室。

分析：

这里的wall-to-wall是形容词，在本句中意为“铺满整个地板的”。不要将其与face-to-face这个词组进行类比，也不要以为X-to-X的词组就一定表示“从XX到XX”哦，其实要记住wall-to-wall是表示“铺满地面的”这个意思也很简单，联想一下：铺满地面的地毯不就是严严实实置于两堵墙之间，wall-to-wall了吗？只是换个角度去思考哦。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Jim is discussing anything under the sun with Paula.
　　
（误译）吉姆和葆拉在阳光下讨论问题。
（正译）吉姆与葆拉海阔天空，无所不谈。

什么是海阔，什么是天空？
Those who can stay alone can see the broad sky.
甘于独处，自能看见海阔天空。
Competition in the services space is have a brighter future.
服务竞争的空间是海阔天空的。
We spent a whole hour talking about this, that and the other.
我们花了整整一个小时海阔天空地谈了一阵子。
Seasky, I wind, dust the banner of the North-South West to the East.
海阔天空，我是阵风，把旗帜飞扬到南北西东。
Mother educates said that, Endures uneventfully to draw back a step of boundlessness for a while!
妈妈教育说：忍一时风平浪静 退一步海阔天空！
This easily brings to the unrestrained and far-ranging illusion, the contents of which are self-complacence.
好产生海阔天空的幻想，内容多是自我陶醉性的。
With the modern technology, we are now able to have a great Space to share and communicate.
我们有了一片共享的天空，可以海阔天空的畅游与联系。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

The ABC hopes to settle in China.
　　
（误译）那个美国广播公司希望在中国设立公司。
（正译）那个在美国土生土长的华裔希望在中国定居。
　　
American Broadcasting Company, Inc 美国广播公司
America-born Chinese 美籍华人，尤指父母都是华人但在美国出生不会讲中文或中文很差的美籍华人

更多ABC代表：
1. ABC分别代表三个服装大牌Armani、BURBERRY和Christian Louboutin 　　
2. ABC分类法又称帕累托分类法，最早由意大利经济学家帕累托于1906年首次使用。ABC分类法的核心思想是在决定一个事物的众多因素中分清主次，识别出少数的但对事物起决定作用的关键因素和种类繁多的但对事物影响极小的次要因素 　　
3. ABC百科全书（the ABCs）为英语世界中最负盛名的三部百科全书的集合俗称，即《大美百科全书》（Encyclopedia Americana）、《大英百科全书》（Encyclopedia Britannica）及《科里尔百科全书》（Collier's Encyclopedia） 　　
4. 中国农业银行ABC(Agricultural Bank of China) 是英文缩写 　　
5. 江上村企业金融工作室ABC（Agency of Bank Capital）是英文缩写
6. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司
7. Always Being Cleaning 一个卫生巾的品牌

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Her opinion is all my eye.　
（误译）她的主张也完全是我的观点。
（正译）她的主张是胡说八道。
all my eye是英国俚语，意为“胡说八道”，“瞎说”，“鬼话”等。应注意把all my eye与all eyes区分开来，后者意为“全神贯注地看”。
1. nonsense
int. 胡说！talk nonsense 胡说八道 sheer nonsense 一派胡言
n.胡说；废话 bullshit, kibosh
adj.荒谬的 ridiculous, preposterous
Nonsense is normal in the Library.
荒谬是图书馆的普遍现象。
We do not have time for this kind of nonsense.
我们没有时间浪费在这种无聊的事上面。
Save the Earth, can you? Nonsense! It is training!
拯救地球，你干的来吗？废话，训练！
2. stuff and nonsense 胡说八道
That's stuff and nonsense; of course I can juggle with three balls at once!
那完全是胡说八道，当然我能同时耍3个球！
"I want to show Angelica where the witch lives. " I said. "Stuff and nonsense! " said Lally.
“我要带安杰利科去看女巫住的地方。”我说。“胡言乱语！”拉利说道。
Andy Clarke is a visual web designer based in the UK and started his design consultancy Stuff and Nonsense in 1998.
安迪克拉克是一个视觉的网页设计师设在英国，并开始他的设计顾问的东西，废话在1998年。
If ever I were to marry, it would be a quick, no-nonsense civil ceremony and purely for practical reasons (inheritance, tax, all that good stuff).
如果我真的结婚，那会是一个很快捷、没有废话的平民婚礼，而且也只不过是为了实际的理由（继承权、税务、和那些政府所赋予的好处）。
3. full of beans 精神旺盛的；弄错的
Some people were once thought to be full of beans when they discovered new law which was against the theory before them.
有的人在发现了同前人理论不同的定律时常常被他人认作是胡言乱语。
But Mr McCain is an extraordinarily energetic 70-year-old, far more full of beans than many younger candidates. ("My philosophy is to just go, go like hell, " he says.
虽年逾古稀却精力充沛，更重要的是他比很多年轻候选人还要精力旺盛。
http://www.kekenet.com/kouyu/201203/175396.shtml

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

The child is as good as gold.
　　
（误译）这个孩子像黄金那样宝贵。
（正译）这个孩子很乖。
as good as gold 是习语，虽然有很多as... as... 形式的词组可以直译，例如as... as ever (always) 可直译为“与往常一样......”，但 as good as gold 则有特殊的意义（“很乖”），不能按字面直译。
“乖”的内涵和引申：
1. clever adj. 聪明的；机灵的；熟练的
Even the media occasionally try to trick the public with a clever April Fool story.
大众媒体偶尔也会以巧妙的愚人节故事来愚弄公众。
If such a clever person becomes arrogant or sarcastic, however, their words can hurt you.
如果这样聪明的人变得傲慢和自大，他们就可能会伤害到你。
2. alert vt. 使警觉，使意识到；警告
adj. 警惕的，警觉的；留心的
n. 警报；警戒，警惕
My horse was not above medium size, but he was alert.
我所骑的马，大小不过中等，但是感觉灵敏。
Be alert to students expressing overwhelming feelings in discussions.
警惕学生在陈述时的感情失控。
3. good adj. 好的；优良的；愉快的；虔诚的
n. 好处；善行；慷慨的行为
adv. 好
A good lather is half the shave.
好的泡沫是修面成功的一半。
The news is too good to be true.
那消息太好了，很难相信是真的。
4. perverse 乖张的，倔强的违反常情的
There could be perverse results, too.
这样做确实也可能产生荒唐的结果。
America's health-care system is a nightmare of perverse incentives.
美国的医疗保健系统具有反动力。
5. shrewd adj. 精明的；狡猾的；机灵的
n. 精明（的人）；机灵（的人）
Yet in many respects it was a shrewd move.
然而，在很多方面，荷兰都有着良好的发展。
He was too shrewd to believe that it must exist.
他到是不至于愚蠢到相信那一定会存在。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Your august father is my friend.
（误译）你父亲八月份成为我的朋友。
（正译）令尊是我的朋友。
august
adj. 威严的；令人敬畏的
n. 八月（简写为Aug）
1. father n. 父亲，爸爸；神父；祖先；前辈
vt. 发明，创立；当…的父亲
I see you are a proud father.
我看得出来你是一个自豪的父亲。
The grieving father helps to solve the mystery.
悲痛中的父亲帮助解决了谜团。
2. old man 情人；丈夫；老头子；父亲
After the old man died, his children found that his will was invalid.
这位老人死后，他的子女们才发现他的遗嘱是作废的。
The old man cherished the girl as if she were his daughter.
老人很疼爱那女孩子，就像亲生女儿一样。
3. male parent [农学] 父本；父亲
In the Great Lakes area, mother gulls are sharing nests and raising eggs together because their male partners hae forgotten how to parent.
在北美五大湖区，雌海鸥正共同分享巢穴和下蛋因为它们的伴侣忘记了如何抚养。
Chinese chive used as male parent showed some incompatibility when crooned to onion and Japanese bunching onion, which required longer time for pollen tube to penetrate entire style.
菜为雄亲与葱及洋葱杂交有不亲和现象，花粉管虽能伸入，但生长速缓慢。
4. pater n. 父亲
Highest grade was of Pater (father) under Saturn.
最高级别就是土星之下的佩特（父亲）级别。
He wrote and told the pater I was an immoral young dog and corrupting his house.
他写信给我父亲，说我是只堕落的小狗，败坏了他的门风。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

He has athlete's foot.
（误译）他的一只脚长得像运动员的脚一样。
（正译）他患香港脚。
Athlete's foot is a fungal infection of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itch of affected areas. It is caused by fungi in the genus Trichophyton and is typically transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses. Although the condition typically affects the feet, it can spread to other areas of the body, including the groin. Athlete's foot can be treated by a number of pharmaceutical and other treatments.
脚气，也就是足癣（Tinea Pedis），中国有俗名称为烂脚丫，脚气疮，还有一个特别的称谓，叫香港脚。香港脚的来源据说是英国人初占香港，因为当地的气候潮湿闷热，士兵们纷纷得了烂脚丫，故尔称之为香港脚。香港脚的对应俗名叫运动员脚（Athlete's Foot），起源当然是因为此病更常见于运动员，流行病学调查发现运动员比普通人群有双倍的几率患此病，有的调查研究中发现运动员高达70%-80%有脚气。估计人一生有70%的几率在某个时刻被感染脚气。
脚气因真菌感染而起，导致脚局部感染溃烂。真菌感染可能自始至终伴随着人类，但并不常见，故而足癣的描述历史短暂，最早对它的描述见于1888年，而在1908年威特菲尔德才首次将这一罕见疾病归因于感染。为什么迟至1908年医学界仍然认为足癣是罕见疾病呢？是什么因素让一个罕见疾病在100年左右就变为常见病的呢？
1. dermatophytosis n. 脚气；脚癣；[皮肤] 皮真菌病（等于athlete's foot）
Adapt to treat dermatophytosis, athlete's foot and feet tickle.
适用于脚气、脚癣、脚痒等真菌感染。
It is more effective to thoroughly change socks after cured dermatophytosis.
如足底癣好转后要更新袜子，效果更佳。
Objective To choose a better treatment of moderate to severe dermatophytosis.
目的为治疗中、重度皮肤癣菌病选择合适的方法。
2. barbiers n. 脚气（等于beriberi）
3. panneuritis epidemica
4. dietetic neuritis
5. endemic neuritis

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Carrie never changes her mind at pleasure.
（误译）卡里从来不会高高兴兴地改变主意。
（正译）卡里从不随意改变主意。
at pleasure 听便，随意
Eat at pleasure, drink by measure.
尽情吃饭，适量饮酒。
I can make my horse go fast or slow at pleasure.
我能随意使马快走或慢走。
1. at will 随意；任意
They strike at will, right?
它们肆意攻击我们，对吗？
You can vary the pressure at will.
你可以随意变换压力。
With automatic lock function, pull at will.
自动锁纸功能，用多少拉多少。
2. as one pleases 自便，随意；随便
Doing as one pleases or chooses.
根据一个人的喜好或选择而做。
One can do as one pleases when creating art.
艺术的创作可以随心所欲。
To think, to feel and to do just as one pleases.
你可以凭着个人的喜爱去想，去感受，去做。
3. free rein n. 完全的行动自由
Give free rein to your imagination.
你可以完全自由地运用你的想像力。
We'd better give the horse a free rein.
我们最好放松缰绳任凭马奔跑。
Mr. Fei, on the other hand, has been given a free rein.
而在另一方面，费翔被给予了自由。
4. ad lib adv. 没有限制地；即席地
I had forgotten to bring my notes and had to speak ad lib .
我忘记带讲稿了，只好临时讲几句。
He has a relaxed directing style, encouraging the actors to ad lib in order to create a better sense of reality.
为营造更真实的感觉，他采用一种随意的导演风格，鼓励演员自由发挥。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Why did Berk have a good laugh at Allan's expense?
（误译）为什么伯克大笑艾伦的花费？
（正译）为什么伯克对艾伦大加嘲笑？

1. laugh at 嘲笑；因……而发笑
I prefer you laugh at me to my face!
你要笑就当着我的面笑！
It is important to laugh at oneself.
对着你自己笑是重要的。
Oh, cheer up! Nobody will laugh at you.
哦，振作起来吧，没人会笑你的。
2. expense n. 损失，代价；消费；开支 vt. 向……收取费用 vi. 被花掉
at the expense of 以……为代价；由……支付费用
In that case the politicians' push for more trade may come at the expense of fair trade.
在这样的局面下，政客们推动的贸易量的增长只能以公平贸易作为代价。
It must also be fair, not allowing one task to run efficiently at the expense of another.
它也必须公平，不能因为要有效率地执行某项任务，而牺牲了另一项任务。
People sell it, at the expense of their leisure time, purely as a means to the end of consumption.
人们以自己的闲暇时间为代价出售它，仅仅是为了消费的手段。
at no expenseat 不花钱地；没有损失地
I will stop at no expense to obtain it.
我将不惜一切花费来得到它。
There is no happiness for people at the expense of other people.
为了自己而牺牲别人，不会不快乐。
If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you at no expense.
如果无法负担律师费用，法院将为你指派一名辩护律师。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Gordon is at once modest and clever.
（误译）戈等立即显得聪明和谦逊。
（正译）戈登既聪明又谦逊。
1. at once 马上，立刻
We agreed on starting at once.
我们一致同意立即出发。
The police decided to move at once.
警察决定立即采取行动。
Better deny at once than promise long.
与其长期许诺，还不如立即拒绝。
2. at once 同时
Qubits are able to exist as both 0 and 1 at once.
量子位元能同时以0与1的状态存在。
That's a disadvantage when you're cooking several things at once.
如果同时要烹饪几件时这是一个缺点。
Bill can play the piano , sing and lead his orchestra all at once.
比尔能够同时弹钢琴、唱歌和领导他的管弦乐队。
意思相近的短语：
1. on the spot 立刻，当场；在危险中；处于负责地位
We are a bit on the spot here.
我们这里有点麻烦。
He would invent fanciful names on the spot.
他会当场发明出一些怪诞的名称。
That would put the administration on the spot.
这将让政府陷入困境。
2. in a snap 马上，立刻
Easily upload your video to the web in a snap!
轻松上传你的视频，该网站要在瞬间完成！
Not with a genius like me. I can get this done in a snap.
像我这样的天才是不必的。我只要一下子就搞定了。
In a snap, the song information will appear on the screen.
很快这个歌曲信息将显示在屏幕上。
3. in a heartbeat 马上；立刻
If i were you, I'd divorce him in a heartbeat.
如果我是你，我会毫不犹豫地跟他离婚。
What do you mean: wait? I could kill you in a heartbeat if I wanted to.
“等等”是什么意思？要知道我可以不费吹灰之力就杀掉你。
These things happen quickly on-screen, with the years elapsing in a heartbeat.
种种因果在银幕上飞快掠过，而一年年的岁月以心跳的速度流逝着。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Gary spoke at length about the bridge.
（误译）加里讲述了那座桥的长度。
（正译）吉里详细地讲述了那座桥的事。
at length 详细地
Her speech was reported at length in the newspapers.
她的演讲词在报纸上详细地登载出来。
We have already discussed the matter at great length.
我们已经详细地讨论了这件事。
The teacher explained the text at length.
老师详细地解释了课文。
at length 最后
At length, our football team beat others.
最后，我们的足球队战胜了其他队。
At length, a brand new world came into being.
最后，一个全新的世界诞生。
At length, weary with wandering, they fell asleep.
最后，因为游逛得很疲乏，他们都睡着了。
at length 终于
At length a trifle snapped our connection;
终于因为一件小事，把我们的关系弄僵了。
The besieged city at length hung out the white flag.
被围城市终于扯起了白旗乞降。
Time passed, and at length his wife bore him a child.
光阴荏苒，他妻子终于给他生了一个孩子。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Even a hair of dog didn't make him feel better.
　　
（误译）即使一根狗毛也不会使他觉得好些。
（正译）即使是再喝解宿醉的一杯酒，也不会使他觉得好些。
A Hair of Dog的来由
　　
朋友喝得酩酊大醉，而且醉了一宿，有什么解酒妙方吗？有，解方就是the hair of the dog (that bit you)。乍听起来，这二者好象风马牛不相及。
这个短语的本意是，如果被狗咬伤了，咬伤的部位必须得用从咬人的那条狗身上的狗毛来治疗。现在，The(A) hair of the dog (that bit you)已经成为一种幽默的用法，指用来解宿醉的酒（an alcoholic drink taken in the morning because it is said to cure illness caused by drinking too much alcohol the night before.）
《底特律自由新闻》1888年里面一段引语中的用法那样，“dog”并非一定指烈酒（liquor）：
TRAVIS: "Hello, De Smith! You're looking better than expected. I understood that you were completely crushed by that love affair. How did you recover?"
DE SMITH: "Hair of the dog that bit me. Fell in love with another girl."
显然，这里的“dog”就是指“女孩”了。所以如果你喝错了什么，用错了什么，后来又要用同样的东西做解药，你都可以说The(A) hair of the dog (that bit you).
酩酊大醉：
He is dead drunk , and can not drive home. 他酩酊大醉，没法开车回家。
The men who seek intoxicating cups are men who invite their fates. 那些想喝得酩酊大醉的人是向命运挑战的人。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

A cat may look at a king.
（误译）猫也可以打量国王。
（正译）小人物也有权利。或者人人平等。（Even a purported inferior has certain privileges in the presence of a purported superior.）
All's fair in love and war. 在爱情和战争面前，人人平等！
It is our belief that every body is equal before the law. 我们相信法律面前人人平等。
We commit ourselves to the building of a just society free of inequity of all types. 我们致力于建构一个人人平等的公益社会。
equality n. 平等；相等；[数] 等式
Is that the genuine equality of the sexes? 这难道是真正的男女平等吗？
She says women must do more to gain economic equality. 她说妇女必须要付出更多才能赢得经济上的平等。
authority n. 权威；权力；当局
He was widely regarded as a leading authority on nutrition. 人们普遍认为他是营养学方面的著名权威。
That could add authority and legitimacy to council decisions. 这可增加理事会决议的权威性和合法性。
authoritativeness n. authoritative的变形
authoritative adj.

1. 有(或显示)权威的；官方的，当局的
2. (因来自专家或有资格人士)可信赖的，可相信的
3. 应该信赖的，应该服从的；权威性的；具有专业知识权威的
4. 倚仗权势的；命令式的；专断的

In the tourist zone, should emphasize the authoritativeness of planning. 在旅游区，应强调规划的权威性。
And give special skill authoritativeness in parts and assembly. 并给予特殊技能权威性的零件和组装。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

He was a cat in the pan.
　　
（误译）他是盘子中的一只猫。
（正译）他是个叛徒。
a flash in the pan
昙花一现
　　
叛徒有哪些？
1. traitor n. 叛徒；卖国贼；背信弃义的人
He was depicted as a traitor . 他被描绘成一个叛徒。
She spat at the traitor in extreme contempt. 她极端蔑视地冲着叛徒吐了一口唾沫。
2. renegade n. 叛徒；变节者；脱党者 vi. 背叛；脱离 adj. 叛徒的；背弃的；脱离的
This morning's verdict would break the renegade . 今天上午的裁决将会彻底击溃这个叛徒的阴谋。
The renegade is the first cousin to a rattlesnake. 叛徒象响尾蛇一样地毒狠。
3. turncoat n. 变节者；背叛者
Wine is a turncoat , first a friend, then a enemy. 酒是叛徒，先是朋友，后是敌人。
Some of the workers began to see him as a turncoat . 有些工人开始认为他是一个叛徒。
4. rebel vi. 反叛；反抗；造反 n. 反叛者；叛徒 adj. 反抗的；造反的
Reorganizing the armed rebel forces. 重新组建叛乱武装。
In rebel -held areas no one will be able to vote. 叛军控制的地区则不可能尽情选举。
5. defector n. 背叛者；逃兵；叛离者
The political defector was refuged in an embassy. 那个政治叛逃者被一大使馆接纳避难。
A defector revealed the disposition of the enemy fleet. 一个叛变者透露了敌方舰队的部署情况。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

A bull of Bashan woke the sleeping child with his noise.
　　
（误译）贝兴的一头公牛弄醒了那个酣睡的孩子。
（正译）一个大嗓门的人把那个酣睡的孩子吵醒了。
A bull of Bashan
这个习语可直译为“巴珊的公牛”。它出自Bible（《圣经》）的Psalm（《诗篇》）：“I was cast upon you from birth. From my mother's womb you have been my God. Be not far from me, for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Many bulls have surrounded me; strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me.”句中的Bashan指巴勒斯坦东部的古国，这个习语现指“气壮如牛的人；大嗓门的人”。
和bull有关的习语：
Bull market
　　“牛市”可不是“买卖牛的市场”。18世纪的欧美人选择“牛”和“熊”这两种动物来表示股市的涨跌。因为在古西方文化中，牛代表着“力量、财富和希望”，而熊则代表着“抑制狂热、消化自身、见机重生”。所以“牛市”是指证券市场的行情普遍看涨、延续较长的一段时间，“熊市(bear market)”则指不景气的证券市场。
　　
　　A bull in a china shop
　　“瓷器店里的公牛”是指笨手笨脚的人。这个成语表意直观，来源有趣。据说1816年，英国派遣勋爵Lord Amherst到中国商谈发展贸易问题。可他不遵守中国朝廷礼节，导致商谈失败，最后只得无功而返。英国一家报纸于是发表漫画，将这位勋爵画成一只闯进瓷器店的公牛，讽剌他粗鲁败事。由于英国人向来有John Bull的绰号，而china一词既可以指瓷器，也可以指中国，所以这幅漫画可谓一“画”双关。
　　
　　Milk the bull
　　公牛怎能挤出奶来？所以这一短语常用来比喻方向、方法不对，肯定无法达到预期目的。在汉语中，可以翻译为“缘木求鱼”。比如：You asked him to help you just now? I think you were milking the bull, for everyone knows he is too selfish.
　　
　　Take the bull by the horns
　　众所周知，西班牙的斗牛比赛很有名。在比赛时，斗牛士常握着牛角以扳倒牛，这是一项艰难又危险的动作，所以这个习语就被用来比喻“不畏艰险地去做某事”。例如：Hearing the cry for help, the soldier took the bull by the horns and swam to the drowning girl without hesitation.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

He bought a baker's dozen of biscuits.
　　
（误译）他买了面包师做的12块饼干。
（正译）他买了13块饼干。
Baker's dozen 的来源
英国人是以面包为主食的，但那时有个别的面包师在制作面包时偷工减料，克扣份量，以这样的方法昧着良心赚顾客的黑心钱。后来，别的面包师也纷纷效仿。不法奸商的这种做法弄得民怨沸腾，最后官方不得不专门为面包师们制订了制作面包时投料的标准，凡达不到标准的就要受到处罚。这一措施果然奏效，面包的份量增加了。不过，在几百年前科学技术还不十分发达的情况下，手工投料制作面色很难做到个个合乎标准，而不符合官方标准的面包一经发现，面包师便会受到严厉的惩处。为了避免被罚，面包师们就在出售面包时每打多给一个，即十三个为一打。这样，也就逐渐形成了 baker's dozen 这一短语。
an even dozen 其中even的意思是“刚刚好”。
Instead of being given an even dozen, we've been given a baker's dozen . 面包师傅多给了我们一个面包。
There were a baker's dozen of us at the dinner table. Is that going to be unlucky or not? 餐桌上有13个人，这是幸运呢，还是不幸呢？
dozen n.
1. 一打，十二个
These eggs are $2 a dozen . 这些鸡蛋一打卖两美元。
2.几十，许多
They are chatting away nineteen to the dozen . 他们正在说个不停。
西方人到底为什么忌讳“13”？ 　　
其一，这一忌讳源于《最后的晚餐》。传说耶稣受害前和弟子们共进了一次晚餐。参加晚餐的第13个人是耶稣的弟子犹大。就是这个犹大为了30块银元，把耶稣出卖给犹太教当局，致使耶稣受尽折磨。参加最后晚餐的是13个人，晚餐的日期恰逢13日，“13”给耶稣带来苦难和不幸。从此，“13”被认为是不幸的象征。“13”是背叛和出卖的同义词。
其二，西方人忌讳“13”源于古代神话。北欧神话中，在哈弗拉宴会上，出席了12位天神。宴会当中，一位不速之客烦恼与吵闹之神洛基忽然闯来了。这第13位来客的闯入，招致天神宠爱的柏尔特送了性命。（柏尔特是奥丁的儿子光明之神。他才貌出众，满面春风。当他微笑的时候，人们都感到无比喜悦。他做过一个恶梦，预感到将遭人暗算。众神为此着急，奥丁便派出令官，严令一切鸟兽草木都不得伤害巴尔德尔。但令官没有传令给槲寄生，因为他觉得这种脆弱无能的植物不需要加以防范。火神洛基却利用这可乘之隙，用槲寄生做成利箭，煽动黑暗之神霍尔德尔出面，并扶着他的手弯弓瞄准，将巴尔德尔射死。） 　　
因为忌讳，西方人千方百计避免和“13”接触。在荷兰，人们很难找到13号楼和13号的门牌。他们用“12A”取代了13号。在英国的剧场，你找不到13排和13座。法国人聪明，剧场的12排和14排之间通常是人行通道。此外，人们还忌讳13日出游，更忌讳13人同席就餐，13道菜更是不能接受了。 而且某月的十三日如果与星期五相重则为极不吉利的预兆，称之为黑色星期五。

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The house is really A-1.
（误译）那间房子的门牌确实是A-1号。
（正译）那间房子确实是一流的。
A：第一流的；学业成绩达最高标准的评价符号
I got an excellent grade on the project. A+! 我收到了极好的品位的项目。甲+！
He earned four A's in the final examinations. 他期末考试四门功课得优。
缩写中A的含义：
CPA为注册会计师（Certified Public Accountant），其中的A为Accountant的缩写，意思是会计师。
CMA为中国计量认证的（China Metrology Accredidation），其中A为Accreditation的缩写，意思是认证。
MBA为工商管理硕士（Master of Business Administration），其中A为Administration的缩写，意思是管理。
NBA为美国职业篮球联赛（National Basketball Association），其中A为Association的缩写，意思是联盟。
游戏、魔兽中的A意思：
这里的“A”乃是英文AOE(Area of effect )的简写，意思为范围性攻击法术。
A、A掉、A了：在游戏玩家中的意思是使用范围性法术把指定的2个以上的怪物、事物或敌人，打死。
　　比如：玩家一对玩家二说：“把那个波怪一起A了”，意思就是让玩家二使用范围性法术同时对那波怪物造成攻击,而非一只一只的控制点杀
　　在一些即时战略类游戏如魔兽争霸中，A的意思为attack的缩写，就是攻击的意思，A某个单位即是攻击某个单位的意思。这个指令通常都是使用键盘上的快捷键A键来完成。
　　A还有重新来过（again）之意，在魔兽争霸DOTA游戏中如果有人秒退，有人就会说：“A吧。”（或AG）意思就是重开。
　　
A为何排行第一？
　　结合以上讲的，A倒过来很像一个牛头。而牛在日常生活中给人类带来了很多用处。如牛可以给人耕地，牛肉、牛排可以供人食用，牛皮可以做皮鞋等皮制物，牛角可以当磨具…… 牛给英国人和美国人带来了许多方便，所以它们把A放第一。另外，A在等级中还表示最好，有A+，A，A-之分 。当然，这是因为A排位第一。

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好贴！顶！

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好贴，留脚印。

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今日翻译例句：

我喜欢早晨喝一杯浓茶，它会让我精神振作。
翻译×：I love a cup of thick tea in the morning, which will refresh me.
翻译√：I love a cup of strong tea in the morning, which will refresh me.
分析：
汉英两种语言在长期的使用过程中形成了各自固定的词组和搭配用法，汉语中的“浓”在英语中要根据不同的搭配选用不同的词，如dense, strong, thick等等。例如：
“浓茶”：strong tea；
“浓墨”：dark/thick ink；
“浓雾”：dense/thick/heavy fog；
“浓密的丛林”：a thick forest；
“浓妆”：heavy makeup
注意这里以strong tea表示“浓茶”，strong这个词还能表示“眼镜的度数”，如：How strong are your glasses? 就是问你的眼镜是多少度的。

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今日翻译例句：

这么重要的事情你怎么能瞒着我。
翻译×：How can you not tell me such an important matter?
翻译√：How can you keep such an important matter from me?
分析：
在英语中，我们经常用tell sb. sth.表示“告诉某人某事”，比如：She told me a secret. 我们将其翻译为：“她告诉我一个秘密。”
但是“不告诉某人”并不能准确的表达出“瞒着某人”这个概念，后者有故意不告诉某人的内涵，所以在这里，用not tell me such an important matter并不是很准确。但是keep sth. from sb.则表示“不把某事告诉某人，瞒着某人”，例如：
他有一个秘密瞒着我。
我们就可以翻译为：He is keeping a secret from me.
除此之外，还可以用hide这个词来表示“隐瞒”，例如：
You're hiding some important facts. 你在隐瞒某些重要事实。
conceal也可以表达相同的含义，例如: He conceals the news from his mother. 他对他母亲隐瞒这个消息。

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今日翻译例句：

别灰心，一切都会好起来。
翻译×：Don't lose your heart. Everything will be all right soon.
翻译√：Don't lose heart. Everything will be all right soon.
分析：
两个翻译看起来很接近，但是意思却完全不同。短语lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被......俘虏去”、“爱上......”的意思，例如：
读了他写的诗，她就深深地爱上了他。
She lost her heart to him after reading his poem.
而lose heart才表示“灰心丧气，丧失勇气或信心”。所以在这里，“别灰心”应该翻译为Don't lose heart。
另外，在英语中，有很多用heart表达的短语，例如：
break someone's heart是指“使...心碎”，这句在美剧和电影里常听到的，某女人万分哀怨地说You broke my heart!
have a heart是指“发慈悲”、“怜悯”的含义，考试不及格，哀求老师的时候可以说：Have a heart！
have a heart of gold是指“有一颗仁厚的心”，中文里同样有“一颗金子般的心”这样的比喻；而heart of stone就表示“铁石心肠”
have one's heart in one's mouth表示“提心吊胆”、“担心”；
take something to heart表示“对（批评等）很在意或感到不快”，我们会说“别把这事放在心上”，那么就可以翻译成：Don't take this to heart. 或者简单一点说：Take your mind off it.

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今日翻译例句：

你怎么想没有关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。
翻译×：What you think does not matter. The important problem is how you do it.
翻译√：What you think does not matter. The important thing is how you do it.
分析
“问题”这个词最常见的英文对等词是question和problem。然而，例句中的“重要的问题”是指“关键所在”或“重要的事”，所以，可以翻译为 the important thing，或者用句式what really matters is...
此外“问题”在汉语中还有多种含义，比如“故障”、“话题”、“关键所在”等等。例如：我的电脑出问题了。我们可以将这句话翻译为：something is wrong with my computer.
所以说，不是所有的“问题”都要翻译成problem，上述几个例子都是避免直接使用词义对等的单词来进行翻译，除此之外，我们还可以用其他词汇来表达“问题”的含义，如issue：
在这个问题上我们采取了决不妥协的强硬态度。
We adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue.
需要注意的是issue是相当正式的一个词，适合在正式场合使用，例如“国际问题”，统一的译法就是international issues；这个词和problem、question的区别在于，根据Webster词典的释义，issue表示：a point, matter, or question to be disputed or decided，有待商讨的问题，这里有一个微妙的shade of meaning，如果我们要力求精准的翻译，那么“性别歧视问题”应当翻译成the problem of gender discrimination，而不是the issue of gender discrimination，因为gender discrimination这个问题没有讨价还价的余地，而是只有唯一的解决方法，即消除歧视，put an end to the discrimination。

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弄错令人很尴尬的10个中国式口语错误





1. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
误：The price is very suitable for me。
正： The price is right 。
提示：suitable(合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children. 这句话用后面的说法会更合适。

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2. 你是做什么工作的呢？
误：What's your job?
正： Are you working at the moment?
提示：what's your job这种说法难道也有毛病吗？是的。因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业，如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子，所以您要问：目前您是在上班吗？Are you working at the moment?接下来您才问：目前您在哪儿工作呢？Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢？What line of work are you in?

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3. 用英语怎么说？
误：How to say?
正： How do you say this in English?
提示：How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一，这绝不是地道的英语说法。同样的句子有：请问这个词如何拼写？How do you spell that please?请问这个单词怎么读？How do you pronounce this word?

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4. 明天我有事情要做 。
误：I have something to do tomorrow。
正： I am tied up all day tomorrow。
提示：用I have something to do来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙，脱不开身：I'm tied up。还有其他的说法：I can't make it at that time. I'd love to, but I can't, I have to stay at home。

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5. 我想我不行。
误：I think I can't。
正： I don't think I can。
提示：汉语里说“我想我不会”的时候，英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。以后您在说类似的英语句子的时候，只要留心，也会习惯英语的表达习惯的。

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6. 我的舞也跳得不好 。
误：I don't dance well too。
正： I am not a very good dancer either。
提示：当我们说不擅长做什么事情的时候，英语里面通常用not good at something，英语的思维甚至直接踊跃到：我不是一个好的舞者。

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7. 我的英语很糟糕。
误：My English is poor。
正： I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving。
提示：有人开玩笑说，全中国人最擅长的一句英文是：My English is poor. 外国人遇到自己外语不好的情况，他们会说： I am still having a few problem, but I am getting better。

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8. 你愿意参加我们的晚会吗 ？
误：Would you like to join our party on Friday?
正：Would you like to come to our party on Friday night?
提示：join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会，如：join a health club; join the Communist Party。事实上，常常与party搭配的动词是come 或者go。如go a wild party，或者come to a Christmas Party。

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9. 我没有经验。
误：I have no experience。
正： I don't know much about that。
提示：I have no experience这句话听起来古里古怪，因为您只需要说那方面我懂得不多，或者这方面我不在行，就行了。I am not really an expert in this area。

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10. 这个春节你回家吗？
是的，我回去。
--Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?
误：--Of course!
正：-- Sure. / Certainly 。
提示：以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的学生低得多，只有在回答一些众所周知的问题时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含的一句话是“我当然知道啦！难道我是一个傻瓜吗？”因此，of course带有挑衅的意味。在交谈时，用sure或certainly效果会好得多。同时，of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下语气温和的说法是certainly not。

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IBM公司一直处在电脑行业的前沿。

[误] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.

[正] IBM is always at the cuttting edge of computer insustry.

注：
front line 是“前线，第一线”的意思，常指最危险或最艰苦的地方。例如：Many doctors are in the front
line of the fighting against SARS（许多医生战斗在抗击“非典”的第一线）。at the cutting edge 最早出现在20世纪50年代，它最初指“锐器的锋利部位”，现在常隐喻“处在（高科技的）最前沿。

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每节课老是都会点名。

[误] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.

[正] The teacher will call the roll in every period of class.

注： 英语的 “点名”是 call the roll，而 call one's name(s)的意思是“谩骂某人”。rool 有“名册”的意思，又如： remove sb.'s name from the rool（把某人除名）。

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一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。

[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.

[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.

注 ：汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序，因此，在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整，此处就是一
个很好的例子。之所以将新娘放在
前面，也许是西方文化中“女士优先”的又一体现吧！
又如：“衣食住行”译成英语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation;
同样，“左顾右盼”翻译成 look right and left。

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他是我们的死敌。

[误] He is our dead enemy.

[正] He is our deadly enemy.

注：dead 作形容词时表示“死的，无感觉的”，而 deadly 才表示“致命的，不共戴天的”。

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我们是不信上帝的。

[误] We do not believe God.

[正] We do not believe in God.

注： believe 和 believe in 虽然都有“相信”的意思，但表示“信仰”的时候只能用后者。

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房间里有一张床、两张桌子和五把椅子。

[误] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.

[正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.

注：there be 句型中，be 动词的单复数取决于离它最近的那个词。原文虽然一共列举了八件家具，但是根据英
语的谓语就近原则，one bed 决定了应该使用is。

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奥斯本名义上是个医生，但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。

[误] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.

[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.

注： by name 和 in name 虽然形似，但涵义却有区别。by name 相当于by the name of，常放在专有名词之后，表示所说的人或事物的确实名称。例如：There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name（中国有个伟大的诗人，名叫屈原）。而in name 是贬义词，表示“名义上的”或“徒有虚名”。

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他被戴上了绿帽子。

[误] He is made to wear a green hat.

[正] He is a cuckold.

注： 中文的“戴绿帽子”是指某人之妻与他人私通，但直译成英文西方人只会按字面意思理解为“某人头上被戴了顶绿色的帽子”，无论如何也不会理解汉语的喻义。而英语的 cuckold 是指“奸妇的丈夫”（a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man），所以用be a cuckold 才能正确表达原文的意思。

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车祸发生在十字路口。

[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.

[正] The accident took place at a crossroads.

注： crossroad 是“交叉路，横马路”的意思，而 crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”，它前面也可以用 a，但-s 绝不能丢掉。

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---谢谢你带我们到办公室来。
---不用谢，这是我们应该做的。

[误] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.
---Not at all, it's my duty.

[正] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.
---Not at all, it's a pleasure. /I'm glad to be of help.

注： 汉语的回答实际上是句客套话，如果把它直译为 It's my duty，就会让西方人误以为你并不想帮他，只是因为职责才不得已而为之，这与汉语的愿意有很大出入。所以，恰当的回答应该是 I'm glad to be of help 或 It's a pleasure，其意思是“我很乐意为您效劳”。

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布衣蔬食。

[误] cotton clothes and vegetables .

[正] coarse clothes and simple fare.

注： “布衣蔬食”是形容一个人生活俭朴，但直译成英文却会令人难以理解。因为现在的英、美等国，cotton
clothes and vegetables（棉布衣服和青菜）已没有“生活俭朴”的任何联想了，它们早已成了富翁们的最爱，而且价格也比其他产品贵，没钱人还享用不起呢！而第二句译文不仅忠实于原文，而且 fare 一词作“食物”讲还略带古色，恰好反映出了原文的风格。

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他的病情好多了。

[误] His sick condition is much better.

[正] His condition is much better.

注：在英美人看来，sick 只是一种无意义的重复，因为去掉它以后意思一亲清楚，而且还更地道。我们甚至可以更简单地翻译为 He is much better.

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你真是红光满面。

[误] Your face is all red.

[正] You are in ruddy health.

注 ：“红光满面”是说一个人身体很好，而 You face is all red 则指对方满脸通红，似乎“不好意思”或“牌窘境”，皮肤过敏也未可知，总之与原句不符。a ruddy complexion 虽然有“面色红润”的意思，但没能充分表达出汉语“身体健康，精力充沛”的意思。当然，除了第二句译文，还可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 来表达。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时，他简直就是一个工作狂 。

[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.

[正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic .

注： crazy 虽然可以作“疯狂的，狂热的”讲，但be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是“热衷于...，对...着迷”；be crazy for 也不行，因为它表示“渴望（某物）；迷恋（某人）”。可见，它们都与“工作狂”有一定区别。而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic（嗜酒成癖者）派生出来的，表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作。现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀，表示“对...上瘾，嗜好...成癖”，并构成了许多新词。例如：
movie-holic（嗜好电影成癖的人）， telehokic（看电视成癖的人）等。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

在皎洁的月光下，那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话 。

[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.

[正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky .

注：因为“情书”是love letter，“情歌”是love song，所以不少人以为“情话”就应该是love words，其实并非如此。英语中“情话”常用lovers'prattle 或 sweet nothings 来表达。prattle 有“孩子话，废话”的意思，所以
lovers' prattle 指“恋人之间孩子气的废话”； sweet nothings 更是一目了然，有“甜蜜而不中用”的意思。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

现如今，由于出国深造的人越来越多，“海龟（归）派”也不像原来那样吃香了。

[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.

[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before .

注：“海龟（归）派”是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人，是个非常形象的新名词。但overseas student 是指正在国外学习的“留学生”，意思正好相反，所以要换成 returnee。这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

每次考试来临的时候，约翰就变成了一只夜猫子，但这并不是一个好的学习方法 。

[误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to
learn.

[正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to
learn.

注：owl 是“猫头鹰”的意思，即一种深夜不睡，睁一只眼，闭一只眼，准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物。英语中用
night owl 来比喻经常熬夜的人，就像我们习惯用“夜猫子”一样。不论叫你“夜猫子”还是a night owl，“开夜车”（burn the midnight oil）总是免不了的。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时，是个不折不扣的网虫 。

[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.

[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.

注：“ 网虫 ”要是直译成 net bug ，很容易使人联想到计算机病毒，如：the millennium bug（“千年虫”病毒）。所以，英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里，对 netter/nettle 的解释是：regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。

nethead 和“网虫”的意思差不多，它表示“网痴，网迷”；而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民，尤其是互联网的用户，它是由 net（网络）和 citizen（公民）组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer，即“网上冲浪者”。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

一群蚂蚁

[误] a group of ants

[正] a colony of ants

注：表示群体时， group 通常指人或物，而 colony 才指生物群体

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

你不好好学习，还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟！

[误] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!

[正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!

注：汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多，目的在于加强语气，但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。 illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义，而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情 。

[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

[正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friend's husband .

注： shameful 通常指某事物是“可耻的，丢脸的”，而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame;
immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人“不知羞耻的，不要脸的”或“伤风败俗的”。
原文也可译为：It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。

[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
[正] So that's how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.

注：So it is 的意思是“的确如此”，它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的。例如：

A: It is a fine day today!
B: So it is.
而在表达恍然大悟时，英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法
Oh, I see.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

我们俩关系最好，他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃 。

[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.

[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me .

注：第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”，但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而
bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西，而朋友也不会介意还不还。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

这个教授教得很烂

[误] The professor teaches badly.

[正] The professor is so terrible.

注：有人认为第二句的意思是“这个教授很可怕”，其实不然。英语中terible 意思很灵活，例如：feel terrible 指
身体“不舒服”； The food is terrible 则是说食物“难吃极了”。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

He caught a rabbit in the mountain.

【讲解辨析】

释义：他在山上逮住了一只野兔。
辨析：rabbit是指“家兔”，hare才是指“野兔”，使用时要注意区别。

【正确表达】
He caught a hare in the mountain.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

He smiled unwillingly but made no answer.

【讲解辨析】

释义：他勉强地笑了笑，但是没有回答。
辨析：表示“勉强地笑了笑”，用到smile unwillingly，这不是英语的习惯用法，可以用force，即：force a smile，也可以说give a force smile。

【正确表达】

He forced a smile but made no answer.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

There is no use to ask her. She doesn’t know anything.

【讲解辨析】

释义：问她没有用，她什么也不知道。
辨析：there is no use doing something是“做某事没用”的意思，在use后面应该用动名词，不能用动词不定式。

【正确表达】

There is no use asking her. She doesn’t know anything.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

The child lost way and cried out.

【讲解辨析】

释义：那小孩迷路了，大声哭了起来。
辨析：迷路的表述是lose one’s way，表示迷失了方向，而句中的lose way是减速的意思。有没有物主代词，意思是天壤之别。

【正确表达】

The child lost his way and cried out.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

He has lost his MP3 for two days.

【讲解辨析】

释义：她丢失她的MP3有2天了。
辨析：lose是非延续性动作动词，不能够与表示时间段的时间状语连用。

【正确表达】

He lost his MP3 two days ago.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

She makes coffee for all us.

【讲解辨析】

释义：她为我们大家冲咖啡。
辨析：这句话用make sth for sb这个短语结构来表示“为某人做某事”。介词for后面接了不定代词和宾格，那么这时候，宾格要放于不定代词前面。

【正确表达】

She makes coffee for us all.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

He neglected traffic regulations.

【讲解辨析】

释义：他对交通规则置之不理。
辨析：ignore常指对看到或听到的故意不理，不顾，neglect常指“对某人或某事没有尽职尽责而疏忽，玩忽”，或没有好好照顾而“忽视，忽略”。规则是为我们大众听到的，知道的，所以要用ignore。

【正确表达】

He ignored traffic regulations.

【举一反三】

She saw him coming but ignored hin.
她看见他走过来了，但是装作没看见。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

They were ignorant for the hidden dangers.

【讲解辨析】

释义：他们不知道潜伏的危险。
辨析：be ignorant of 是“对......不了解，不知道”，其介词不能换为for。

【正确表达】

They were ignorant of the hidden dangers.

【举一反三】

Most of us are ignorant of value of health.
我们大多数人不了解健康的可贵。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

She has given the papers to me for a week.

【讲解辨析】

释义：她把论文教给我一个星期了。
辨析：give是非延续性动作动词，不能与表示时间段的短语连用，for a week是表示持续有一周。

【正确表达】

It has been a week since she gave the papers to me.

【举一反三】

It has been a week since Mary gave us lessons.
玛丽给我们上课上了一周了。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

She is very interested in the American literature.

【讲解辨析】

释义：她对美国文学非常感兴趣。
辨析：American literature前面不加冠词，表示“哪个国家的文学”的前面都不加冠词，例如：Chinese literature, English literature等等。

【正确表达】

She is very interested in American literature.

【举一反三】

She is perfect in Chinese literature as a foreigner.
她这个外国人精通中国文学。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

We used to go to buy thins on Sunday.

【讲解辨析】

释义：我们过去常常在星期天去买东西。
辨析：表示去买东西有个固定的表达是：go shopping，不能用go to buy something。

【正确表达】

We used to go shopping on Sunday.

【举一反三】

I will go shopping right now.
我马上要去买东西。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

I don’t care about whether we win or lose.

【讲解辨析】

释义：我不在乎我们的比赛是输还是赢。
辨析：care作为“计较，介意，在乎”这个意思解时，它是及物动词，后面直接跟名词或从句等。表示“喜欢”，才用care for。例如：I don’t care for the pen.

【正确表达】

I don’t care whether we win or lose.

【举一反三】

I don’t care what you think of me.
我不在乎你如何看待我。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

He is capable to do the things.

【讲解辨析】

释义：她能胜任此事。
辨析：用capable表示“有能力或能胜任某事”，它的结构为be capable of something/doing something，而该句子中用的是to。

【正确表达】

He is capable of doing the things.

【举一反三】

He is capable of wining the first prize.
他能够获得冠军。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

错误表达】

Where must he have gone on such a night?

【讲解辨析】

释义：在这样一个晚上他会到哪儿去呢？
辨析：must have done是表示对过去事情的猜测，但是它只能用于肯定句中，如果用于疑问句或否定句中要用将must改为can，即：can have done这个结构。

【正确表达】

Where can he have gone on such a night?

【举一反三】

He cannot have gone to school. It’s Sunday.
今天是星期日，他今天不会去上学的吧。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

I could not but to stay.

【讲解辨析】

释义：我不得不留下。
辨析：用could not but这个结构表示“不得不”的意思时，but的后面要接动词原形。而该句子中接的是动词不定式to stay。

【正确表达】

I could not but stay.

【举一反三】

I could not but give you a piece of advice.
我不得不给你一个建议。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

【错误表达】

May you tell me the way to the station?

【讲解辨析】

释义：您能告诉我去车站的路吗？
辨析：当表示“请某人做某事”的意思时，一般不用“May you...”，而用“Could you...”，后者语气更加委婉，客气。

【正确表达】

Could you tell me the way to the station?

【举一反三】

Could you get me some strong coffee？
您能帮我冲杯浓咖啡吗？

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

Mark!

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

我每月发两次薪水。

中式:：I get my salary twice a month.
美式:：I get paid twice a month.

让我查一下你的脉搏。

中式:：Let me examine your pulse.
美式:：Let me feel your pulse.

我没有一点运动细胞。

中式：I have no exercise talent.
美式：I am not athletic.

我把帽子忘在了房子里。

中式：I forget my hat in the house.
美式：I left my hat in the house.

小林，借我点钱吧，比方说500美元什么的。

中式：Lend me some money, for instance 500 dollars, Lin.
美式：Lend me some money, say 500 dollars, Lin.

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

The Star:
It does matter because it doesn't matter
实在很难理解是什么意思。

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

学习

回复: 摆脱中式英语--Common Mistakes持续更新中

1、对不起，没座了。
　　Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
　　Revision: Sorry, no seats available.

　　2、网站暂时无法访问。
　　Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.
　　Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
　　有时候尽管不是非用available/unavailable不可，但是多用一些，看起来正宗。在[gm88nd].com中搜索结果：是约有 441,000,000项符合available的查询结果，即4亿多条，但是我们用过几次。他们爱用的我们老不用，难怪正宗度老是大打折扣。