回复: 为啥这里的牛奶保质期这么长啊？
How much outrage can a single multinational corporation inspire? How much damage can they inflict? The breathtaking new film, The World According to Monsanto, features a company that sets the new standard. From Iowa to Paraguay, from England to India, Monsanto is uprooting our food supply and replacing it with their patented genetically engineered creations. And along the way, farmers, communities, and nature become collateral damage.
[FONT=宋体]一家跨国公司能够激发多少义愤？他们能够造成多少损害？一部令人震惊的新闻纪录片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》描述了建立这样新的标准的一个公司。从美国爱荷华州到巴拉圭，从英国道印度，孟山都公司正在根除我们的食物供应用他们专利的遗传工程创造的产品取而代之。一路上，农民、社区以及自然界都受到了损害。[/FONT]
The Gazette says the movie “will freeze the blood in your veins.” The Hour says it’s a “horrifying enough picture” to warrant “fury.” But most importantly, this critical film opens our eyes just in time.
[FONT=宋体]《论坛》报说，这部电影使观众感到“血管中的血液凝结起来”。《小时》报称，这是一部“令人恐怖的影片”足以激起“暴怒”。但是更重要的是，这部影片及时打开了我们的研究。[/FONT]
The film is the work of celebrated award-winning French filmmaker Marie-Monique Robin, whose three years of work on four continents exposes why Monsanto has become the world’s poster child for malignant corporate influence in government and technology. Combining secret documents with accounts by victims, scientists and policy makers, she guides us through a web of misleading reports, pressure tactics, collusion, and attempted corruption. And we learn how the company systematically tricked governments into allowing dangerous genetically modified (GM) foods into our diet―with Monsanto in charge of determining if they’re safe.
[FONT=宋体]该部影片是因获奖应给予庆贺的法国电影导演马莉[/FONT]-[FONT=宋体]莫妮克・罗宾女士的成果，她三年来在四大洲的工作揭露了孟山都公司如何成为世界上对政府与技术发挥恶劣公司影响的典型。影片披露的秘密文件与受害者、科学家与政策制作者提供的证言，引导我们了解网络上充满误导性的报告、施压策略、勾结，以及腐败企图，使我们了解孟山都公司如何系统地诱骗政府有关政府部门允许危险的转基因（[/FONT]GM[FONT=宋体]）食品到我们的餐桌上[/FONT]―[FONT=宋体]并由孟山都公司负责确定它们是否安全。[/FONT]
Deception, Deception, Deception
[FONT=宋体]欺骗、欺骗、欺骗[/FONT]
The company’s history with some of the most toxic chemicals ever produced, illustrates why they can’t be trusted. Ask the folks of Anniston, Alabama, where Monsanto’s PCB factory secretly poisoned the neighborhood for decades. PCBs are Monsanto’s toxic oils used as coolants and lubricants for over 50 years and are now virtually omnipresent in the blood and tissues of humans and wildlife around the globe. But Anniston residents have levels hundreds or thousands of times the average. They all know their levels, which they carry as death sentences. David Baker, who lost his little brother and most of his friends to PCB-related diseases such as cancer, says Anniston kids used to run up to him, report their PCB level and ask, “How long you think I got?”
[FONT=宋体]这个公司生产过最为毒性化学产品的历史表明孟山都公司为什么是不可信的。孟山都公司在阿巴马州阿尼斯顿（[/FONT]Anniston, Alabama[FONT=宋体]）的[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]工厂对邻近地区秘密毒害了几十年，只要问一下当地人能够了解。孟山都公司作为冷却剂与润滑剂使用[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]超过[/FONT]50[FONT=宋体]年，目前世界各处人与野生动物的血液与组织中事实上已经无所不在。但是阿尼斯顿当地居民血液中的[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]含量为平均水平的数百上千倍。他们都知道自己的[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]水平，决定着他们的死刑期。大卫・贝克（[/FONT]David Baker[FONT=宋体]），因[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]含量过高导致的癌症等疾病已经失掉了其弟弟以及其许多朋友。大卫讲，当地的小孩经常会找他告诉他们的[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]水平，然后询问“你认为我还有多少时间？”[/FONT]
Ken Cook of the Environmental Working Group says that based on Monsanto documents made public during a trial, the company “knew the truth from the very beginning. They lied about it. They hid the truth from their neighbors.” One Monsanto memo explains their justification: “We can’t afford to lose one dollar of business.”
[FONT=宋体]《环境工作组》的肯・库克（[/FONT]Ken Cook[FONT=宋体]）说，根据一次审判中披露的孟山都公司文件，这个公司“从最初开始一直了解事实。他们对此说谎。他们对他们的邻居们隐藏了真实情况”。孟山都公司的一项备忘录对他们这样做提供了解释：“我们无法承担失掉哪怕一美元的生意”！[/FONT]
Monsanto also produced the infamous Agent Orange, the cancer and birth-defect causing defoliant sprayed over Vietnam. It contaminated more than 3 million civilians and servicemen. But according to William Sanjour, who led the Toxic Waste Division of the Environmental Protection Agency, “thousands of veterans were disallowed benefits” because “Monsanto studies showed that dioxin [the main ingredient in Agent Orange] was not a human carcinogen.” But his EPA colleague discovered that Monsanto had allegedly falsified the data in their studies. Sanjour says, “If they were done correctly, [the studies] would have reached just the opposite result.”
[FONT=宋体]孟山都公司还生产了在越南到处喷洒导致癌症与婴儿缺陷的声名狼藉的黄色脱叶剂。它污染了超过三百万平民与军人。依据（美国）环境保护署（[/FONT]EPA[FONT=宋体]）有毒分部负责人威廉・桑焦耳（[/FONT]William Sanjour[FONT=宋体]）披露的情况，“数千退役军人没有批准受益”因为“孟山都公司的研究表明二氧芑（[/FONT]dioxin[FONT=宋体]）[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]黄色脱叶剂的主要成分[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]并非人类致癌物质”。但是他在环境保护署（[/FONT]EPA[FONT=宋体]）同事发现孟山都公司的研究所申述的是伪造的数据。桑焦耳（[/FONT]Sanjour[FONT=宋体]）说，“如果提交正确的数据，[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]该项研究[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]必然获得相反的结果。”[/FONT]
Secret documents stolen from the FDA also reveal serious health effects from Monsanto’s genetically engineered bovine growth hormone, called rBGH or rBST. In particular, the amount of a powerful hormone called IGF-1 is substantially increased in milk from treated cows. Samuel Epstein, Chairman of the Cancer Prevention Coalition, says that approximately 60 studies link IGF-1 to “breast, colon, and prostate cancers.”
[FONT=宋体]从美国食品药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）偷出来的秘密文件披露，孟山都公司称之为[/FONT]rBGH[FONT=宋体]或[/FONT] rBST[FONT=宋体]的转基因牛生长素造成严重的健康问题。特别是，服用这种生长素的牛的牛奶中，称之为[/FONT]IGF-1[FONT=宋体]的一种作用很强的荷尔蒙显著增加。美国癌症防治联盟主席塞缪尔・爱泼斯坦（[/FONT]Samuel Epstein[FONT=宋体]）告诉我们，[/FONT] IGF-1[FONT=宋体]与“乳房癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌”有关的研究有大约[/FONT]60[FONT=宋体]项。[/FONT]
Cancer is also implicated in Monsanto’s showcase herbicide, Roundup. According Professor Robert Bellé’s research showing disrupted cell division, “Roundup provokes the first stages that lead to cancer.” Bellé, who is with the National Center for Scientific Research and the Pierre and Marie Curie Institute in France, says, “The tested doses were well below those which people normally use.”
[FONT=宋体]孟山都公司推崇的《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂也牵连到癌症。罗伯特・贝勒教授的研究表明陷于混乱的细胞分裂，“《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂驱动导致癌变的第一阶段”。在国家科学研究中心（[/FONT]National Center for Scientific Research[FONT=宋体]）与法国皮埃尔与马莉・居里研究院（[/FONT]Pierre and Marie Curie Institute[FONT=宋体]）工作的贝勒教授说，“试验的剂量远低于人们正常使用的剂量”。[/FONT]
Monsanto has promoted Roundup as harmless to both humans and the environment. But their advertised environmental claims, such as “biodegradable,” “leaves the soil clean,” and “respects the environment,” were declared false and illegal by judges in both the US and France. In fact, Monsanto’s own studies showed that 28 days after application, only 2% of the product had broken down. They were forced to remove “biodegradable” from the label.
[FONT=宋体]孟山都推销《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂时强调它对于人类与环境无害。但是他们广告宣传的环境无害主张，如“生物降解”、“使土壤保持清洁”以及“尊重环境”，被美国与法国的法官宣告为虚假与非法。事实上，孟山都公司自己的研究表明应用[/FONT]28[FONT=宋体]天后，只有[/FONT]2%[FONT=宋体]的产品降解。孟山都公司被迫从标签上去除“生物降解”。[/FONT]
Above the law
[FONT=宋体]超越法律[/FONT]
When Monsanto’s transgressions are reported to authorities, somehow the company is magically let off the hook.
[FONT=宋体]当孟山都公司犯罪的事实举报给当局，不知何故公司魔术般的脱掉了关系。[/FONT]
When Monsanto finally did share information on PCBs with the government, for example, Ken Cook says “instead of siding with the people who were being poisoned, [the government] sided with the company. . . . It was outrageous!” When William Sanjour’s EPA colleague, Cate Jenkins, asked the agency to review Monsanto’s flawed Agent Orange studies, Sanjour says, “there was no investigation of Monsanto. . . . What they investigated was Cate Jenkins, the whistleblower! They made her life a hell.”
[FONT=宋体]当孟山都公司最终不得不向政府部门提供有关[/FONT]PCB[FONT=宋体]的信息，但是肯・库克（[/FONT]Ken Cook[FONT=宋体]）说“[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]政府[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]不是站在受到毒害的人民一边，而是站到了公司的一边[/FONT]……[FONT=宋体]完全令人不可容忍！”当威廉・桑焦耳（[/FONT]William Sanjour[FONT=宋体]）在环境保护署（[/FONT]EPA[FONT=宋体]）的同事凯梯・玖恩金斯（[/FONT]Cate Jenkins[FONT=宋体]）要求环境保护署对孟山都公司关于黄色脱叶剂研究报告的缺陷进行审查时，桑焦耳（[/FONT]Sanjour[FONT=宋体]）说“对孟山都公司没有进行调查[/FONT]……[FONT=宋体]他们调查的对象是凯梯・玖恩金斯（[/FONT]Cate Jenkins[FONT=宋体]），举报者！他们使她后来的生活像在地狱中一般。”[/FONT]
When Richard Burroughs of the FDA held up approval of rBGH by demanding more rigorous and relevant testing, he was fired. He says, “They figured: ‘Well, if you’re in the way, we’ll get you out of the way.’. . . One day, I was escorted to the door and told that was it; I was done.” Senior government scientists at Health Canada testified that their superiors were pressuring them to approve rBGH and that Monsanto had offered them an alleged bribe of $1-2 million. The scientists were later reprimanded, punished, and eventually “dismissed for disobedience.” rBGH was never approved in Canada, Europe, and most industrialized nations.
[FONT=宋体]当食品药物管理署的理查德・巴罗欧斯（[/FONT]Richard Burroughs[FONT=宋体]）要求更为严格与相关的试验而拦住了对[/FONT]rBGH[FONT=宋体]的批准，他被辞掉。他说，“他们考虑：‘好吧，如果你挡道的话，我们就请你让路’[/FONT]……[FONT=宋体]一天，我被护送到门口并告诉离开；我就完了。”加拿大健康署的高级政府科学家作证，他们的上级对施压让他们批准[/FONT]rBGH[FONT=宋体]而孟山都公司提议提供[/FONT]100[FONT=宋体]到[/FONT]200[FONT=宋体]美元的贿赂。这些科学家后来提出申诉，被惩罚，然后因“不服从而被辞掉”。[/FONT]rBGH[FONT=宋体]在加拿大、欧洲与大部分工业化国家始终未获批准。[/FONT]
When Professor Bellé went to his administration “to let the public know about the dangers” of Roundup herbicide, he was “ordered” not to communicate his findings “due to the GMO question lurking in the background.” That question about genetically modified organisms was in relation to Monsanto’s “Roundup Ready” crops. Monsanto has the patent for 90% of the GMOs grown on the planet, and most of them are genetically modified specifically to tolerate applications of Roundup.
[FONT=宋体]当贝勒（[/FONT]Bellé[FONT=宋体]）教授到他的政府部门“要求让公众了解[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]的危险”，他“受指示”不要传播他的发现“由于转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）的问题潜伏在后边”。关于转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）的问题与孟山都公司的“抗《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂”农作物有关。孟山都公司拥有地球上生长的转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）[/FONT]90%[FONT=宋体]的专利，其中大部分进行转基因改造特别为了容忍《围捕》（[/FONT]Roundup[FONT=宋体]）除草剂的应用。[/FONT]
Corporate Coup d’état
[FONT=宋体]公司政变未遂[/FONT]
Monsanto’s past manipulations were mere warm ups compared to the virtual government takeover used to approve GM foods. Author Jeremy Rifkin, President of the Foundation for Economic Trends, says, “I have never seen a situation where one company could have so much overwhelming influence at the highest levels of regulatory decision making.”
[FONT=宋体]与作者事实上接管了某些政府用于批准转基因食品的权力相比，孟山都公司过去的操纵仅仅算的上热身。杰雷米・里夫金（[/FONT]Jeremy Rifkin[FONT=宋体]），一位作者，同时担任《经济趋势基金会》（[/FONT]Foundation for Economic Trends[FONT=宋体]）总裁，说：“我从来没有见到这样的情况，一家公司能够对最高层法规决策层发挥如此大的影响。”[/FONT]
The problem Monsanto faced was that GMOs are inherently unsafe. They can create dangerous side effects. That was the overwhelming consensus by FDA scientists, according to 44,000 agency documents made public from a lawsuit. But the most important document, FDA’s official policy, claimed that GMOs were not substantially different. They were granted the status “Generally Recognized as Safe,” even though they failed to meet the normal criteria. Thus, no safety testing is necessary. If Monsanto declares their GM products safe, the FDA has no further questions.
[FONT=宋体]孟山都公司面临的问题是转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）实质上的不安全性。它们能够造成危险的副作用。它们能够造成危险的副作用。依据一项诉讼中公开的美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）[/FONT]44,000[FONT=宋体]篇文件，这是美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）科学家们压倒性的一致意见。但是，反映[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]官方政策的最重要的文件，却声称转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）没有什么实质性区别。他们对转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）授予“一般来讲认为是安全”的地位，尽管它们（转基因生物体）甚至不符合正常的标准。因而，没有必要进行任何安全试验。如果孟山都公司声称他们的转基因产品（[/FONT]GM products[FONT=宋体]）是安全的，美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）不在提出任何进一步的问题。[/FONT]
Former FDA biotech coordinator James Maryanski admits on camera that the GMO policy “was a political decision,” not scientific. In fact, FDA political appointee Michael Taylor was in charge of the policy. Taylor was formerly Monsanto’s attorney and later their vice president.
[FONT=宋体]美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）前任生物技术协调员杰姆斯・马力昂斯基（[/FONT]James Maryanski[FONT=宋体]）在摄像机面前承认关于转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）的政策“是一项政治决定”，不是科学性的决定。事实上，美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）的政治任命者迈克尔・泰勒（[/FONT]Michael Taylor[FONT=宋体]）负责制定该项政策。泰勒（[/FONT]Taylor[FONT=宋体]）曾经是孟山都公司的法律顾问，而后成为他们的副总裁。[/FONT]
Monsanto’s people regularly infiltrate upper echelons of government, and the company offers prominent positions to officials when they leave public service. This revolving door has included key people in the White House, regulatory agencies, even the Supreme Court. Monsanto also had George Bush Senior on their side, as evidenced by footage of Vice President Bush at Monsanto’s facility offering help to get their products through government bureaucracy. He says, “Call me. We’re in the ‘de-reg’ business. Maybe we can help.”
[FONT=宋体]孟山都公司的人士定期渗透政府上层人士，某些官员们离开政府工作时该公司向他们提供公司中的重要职位。这个旋转门甚至包括白宫、监管机构，甚至最高法院的关键人物。孟山都公司也使老布什站到他们一边。影片的片断对此提供证据：当时担任副总统的老布什在孟山都公司的设施里表示愿意帮助使他们的产品通过政府的官僚机构。老布什当时说，“给我打电话。我们正在减少监管。也许我们可以帮助。”[/FONT]
Monsanto’s influence continued into the Clinton administration. Dan Glickman, then Secretary of Agriculture, says, “there was a general feeling in agro-business and inside our government in the US that if you weren’t marching lock-step forward in favor of rapid approvals of biotech products, rapid approvals of GMO crops, then somehow, you were anti-science and anti-progress.” He admits, “when I opened my mouth in the Clinton Administration [about the lax regulations on GMOs], I got slapped around a little bit.”
[FONT=宋体]孟山都公司的影响在格林顿克林顿政府期间继续。丹・戈理克曼（[/FONT]Dan Glickman[FONT=宋体]），当时的农业部长，说，“在美国农业生意圈与我们的政府内部曾经有一种总的感觉，如果你不是大踏步向前支持批准生物技术产品与快速批准转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）作物的话，那么不知何故你是反科学与反进步的。”他承认，“克林顿政府工作期间当我开口说话[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]关于放松对于转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）的监管[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]，我往往受到某些抨击。”[/FONT]
Unlike Glickman, FDA’s Maryanski tries in vain to convince filmmaker Robin that GMOs are safe and that US regulation is adequate. But Robin had conducted four months of intensive internet research examining declassified documents, leaked internal files, scientific studies, trial transcripts, articles, and first hand accounts of whistleblowers. She was prepared.
[FONT=宋体]与戈理克曼（[/FONT]Glickman[FONT=宋体]）不同，美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）的马力昂斯基（[/FONT]Maryanski[FONT=宋体]）试图但是未能说服影片制作者罗宾（[/FONT]Robin[FONT=宋体]）相信转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMO[FONT=宋体]）安全以及美国对其有足够的监管。尽管如此，罗宾（[/FONT]Robin[FONT=宋体]）还是花费了四个月的时间对网络上的解密文件、泄露出来的网络文件、科学研究报告、试验报告、文章以及举报者的一手证据进行了深入的研究。她进行了充分的准备。[/FONT]
In a priceless sequence, the film alternates between Maryanski’s assurances and public interest attorney Steven Druker reading formerly secret memos by agency scientists, describing the serious health damage that GMOs may cause. When Robin repeats these same quotes to Maryanski, he resorts to uncomfortable stuttering, stammering, and backtracking. When he ultimately tries to dismiss genetic engineering as completely safe, Robin nails him. She reads to Maryanski his own words from a 1991 memo in which he acknowledged that genetic engineering of a food supplement called L-tryptophan in the 1980s may have been responsible for a deadly epidemic that killed dozens and caused thousands to fall sick or become disabled.
[FONT=宋体]依照极为珍贵的顺序，影片从马力昂斯基（[/FONT]Maryanski[FONT=宋体]）的保证切换到公共利益律师斯提芬・杜拉克（[/FONT]Steven Druker[FONT=宋体]）阅读美国食品与药物管理署（[/FONT]FDA[FONT=宋体]）的科学家们过去保密的备忘录中对转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMOs[FONT=宋体]）可能造成的严重健康损害的描述。当罗宾（[/FONT]Robin[FONT=宋体]）向马力昂斯基（[/FONT]Maryanski[FONT=宋体]）重复引用同样的这些资料时，他不得不求助于令人不舒服的口吃与放弃。当他最终试图将转基因工程说成是完全安全时，罗宾（[/FONT]Robin[FONT=宋体]）将他钉牢。她向马力昂斯基（[/FONT]Maryanski[FONT=宋体]）读出他本人[/FONT]1991[FONT=宋体]年写的一个备忘录中的话，其中他本人确认[/FONT]80[FONT=宋体]年代称之为[/FONT]L[FONT=宋体]色氨酸（[/FONT]L-tryptophan[FONT=宋体]）的一种基因工程生产的食品添加剂可能应当对造成数十人死亡数千人生病或伤残的一种致命传染病负责。[/FONT]
Suppressing evidence of harm, attacking GMO scientists
[FONT=宋体]压制对自己有害的证据，攻击反对转基因的科学家[/FONT]
When Monsanto’s GM crops hit American farm fields in 1996, virtually no safety studies had been published. The pro-GM UK government decided to commission Dr. Arpad Pusztai, the world’s leading scientist in his field, to design rigorous safety testing protocols that would convince a skeptical public to embrace GM foods. When Pusztai fed GM potatoes to rats, however, they developed potentially pre-cancerous cell growth, a damaged immune system, and inhibited growth of major organs. Moreover, Pusztai’s work implicated the generic process of genetic engineering itself as the cause. That is, any GM food already on the market might create the same problems in humans.
[FONT=宋体]当孟山都公司的转基因（[/FONT]GM[FONT=宋体]）农作物于[/FONT]1996[FONT=宋体]年进入美国农场的农田，事实上没有发表任何安全性研究报告。支持转基因（[/FONT]pro-GM[FONT=宋体]）的英国政府决定委任阿帕德・普斯泰博士（[/FONT]Dr. Arpad Pusztai[FONT=宋体]），该领域世界领先的科学家，设计严格的安全性试验协议来说服质疑的公众欢迎转基因食品（[/FONT]GM[FONT=宋体]）。普斯泰博士将转基因土豆喂食给老鼠时，它们产生了潜在癌症前期的细胞生长，免疫系统遭到破坏，主要器官生长受阻。此外，普斯泰博士的工作暗示着基因工程的遗传过程本身是导致这些问题的根源。这说明，已经进入市场的任何转基因食物（[/FONT]GM food[FONT=宋体]）可能对人类造成同样的问题。[/FONT]
When Pusztai went public with his concerns, he was praised for his “wonderful work” by his director at the prestigious Rowett Institute. But according to a colleague, “two phone calls from Downing Street [the home of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair] to the director” resulted in Pusztai’s sudden dismissal after 35 years. His protocols were shelved and he was the target of a relentless smear campaign, designed to destroy his reputation while promoting that of GMOs.
[FONT=宋体]普斯泰博士公开了他的担心时，他所工作的声望很高的罗维特研究院（[/FONT]Rowett Institute[FONT=宋体]）的主任赞扬他的工作是“极好的工作”。但是，根据一位同事提供的情况，“来自当宁街[/FONT][[FONT=宋体]英国总理托尼・布莱尔官邸[/FONT]][FONT=宋体]打给主任的两个电话”导致普斯泰博士工作了[/FONT]35[FONT=宋体]年之后突然被解职。他设计的协议被放入书架中，他本人成为无情诽谤他的运动的目标，企图在促进转基因生物体的同时破坏他的信誉。[/FONT]
UC Berkeley Professor Ignacio Chapela was also targeted after he published evidence that GM corn had cross-pollinated with indigenous Mexican varieties, forever contaminating “the world’s genetic reservoir of corn.” Just after his research was published in Nature, Mary Murphy and Andura Smetacek began posting false accusations on a biotech forum website, recruiting scientists to inundate the publication with demands to retract the study. When anti-GMO campaigner Jonathan Matthews analyzed the technical headers on the two’s emails, he traced Smetacek to a Monsanto computer, and Murphy to their PR firm. The two were apparently fictitious characters created to stir things up. Matthews says, “There’s no ethics at all in what’s going on here. It shows an organization that is determined to push its products into countries around the world and it’s determined to destroy the reputation of anybody who stands in their way.”
[FONT=宋体]美国加州大学柏克莱学院（[/FONT]UC Berkeley[FONT=宋体]）依戈纳希奥・查帕拉教授（[/FONT]Professor Ignacio Chapela[FONT=宋体]）发表证据证明转基因玉米对墨西哥的玉米品种造成异花授粉，对“世界玉米遗传库”造成污染。发表后，查帕拉教授也成为诽谤的对象。他的研究论文在《自然》杂志发表后，玛丽・墨菲（[/FONT]Mary Murphy[FONT=宋体]）与安杜拉・斯梅塔茨克（[/FONT]Andura Smetacek[FONT=宋体]）开始在网络上一个生物技术论坛上发表伪造的指控，征募科学家要求撤销他的论文。当反对转基因生物体（[/FONT]anti-GMO[FONT=宋体]）运动的宣传者乔纳森・马修斯（[/FONT]Jonathan Matthews[FONT=宋体]）对他们的两个邮件的技术抬头进行了分析，他跟踪斯梅塔茨克（[/FONT]Smetacek[FONT=宋体]）追踪到孟山都公司的一台电脑，跟踪墨菲（[/FONT]Murphy[FONT=宋体]）追踪到孟山都公司的公关关系公司的电脑。这两位人士显然是为挑起事端而编造的两个“人士”。马修斯（[/FONT]Matthews[FONT=宋体]）说，“在哪里发生的事情毫无道德规范可言。它显示了这样一个组织，它决心将他们的产品推销到世界所有的国家，同时决心破坏任何敢于挡他们道的人信誉。”[/FONT]
Monster corn and contamination by design
[FONT=宋体]有意设计的妖魔玉米与污染[/FONT]
The film explores an ominous new development in Mexico that has yet to be reported in the scientific literature. Mutated and bizarrely shaped corn plants have been found “along the roadside or in people’s yards” or fields. Community organizer Aldo Gonzales says, “They are really monsters!” And whenever analyzed, the monsters turn out to be genetically engineered. Local scientists believe that when GM corn cross-pollinates with traditional varieties, some genetic effect disturbs the offspring.
[FONT=宋体]该影片揭露了尚未在科学文献中报告的有恶兆的在墨西哥正在发展。人们“沿着道路或人民的院子旁”或者田野边发现了变异的奇异形状的玉米。社区组织者奥尔多・贡扎勒斯（[/FONT]Aldo Gonzales[FONT=宋体]）说，“它们是真正的妖怪！”而且只要进行分析的话，这个妖怪显然就是转基因工程。当地科学家相信，转基因玉米（[/FONT]GM corn[FONT=宋体]）一旦与传统品种发生异花授粉，某些遗传作用就扰乱它们的后代。[/FONT]
One Mexican farmer realized the implications. “If we don’t manage to stop their spread in our fields, soon we’ll be forced to buy our corn seed because our own won’t work anymore?” Gonzales wonders if the contamination was intentional. He says, “Contamination only benefits multinationals like Monsanto.”
[FONT=宋体]以为墨西哥农民理解了这意味着什么[/FONT].[FONT=宋体]“如果我们不终止它们在我们的田地里的传播，用不了多久我们将被迫使购买玉米种子，因为我们自己的玉米种子无法再繁殖。”[/FONT] [FONT=宋体]贡扎勒斯（[/FONT]Gonzales[FONT=宋体]）怀疑这种污染是否是有意的。他说，“这种污染只能够使孟山多这样的跨国公司受益。”[/FONT]
Intentional contamination of another sort appears to have happened in Paraguay, as illegal Roundup Ready seeds were smuggled in before GMOs were approved. Roberto Franco, Paraguay’s Deputy Agriculture Ministry, tactfully admits, “It is possible that [Monsanto], let’s say, promoted its varieties and its seeds” before they were approved. “We had to authorize GMO seeds because they had already entered our country in an, let’s say, unorthodox way.”
[FONT=宋体]随着非法的《防围捕》种子（[/FONT]Roundup Ready seeds[FONT=宋体]）在转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMOs[FONT=宋体]）获得批准前已经被走私进来，看来在巴拉圭正在发生另外一种类型的有意的污染。罗伯特・佛朗哥（[/FONT]Roberto Franco[FONT=宋体]），巴拉圭农业部副部长，讲策略地承认，“有可能，让我们这样说”，孟山都公司在批准他们之前“就开始推销他们的品种与种子”。“我们不得不批准转基因种子因为它们已经以一种非正统的方式进入了我们的国家。”[/FONT]
Once approved, large agribusinesses bought huge tracts and cut down the rainforest to plant vast Roundup Ready soybean fields. The GMOs allow them to spray by plane or mechanical spreader; to farm without farmers. Peasants who had worked the land for generations are forced out―100,000 each year leave rural areas to live in the shanty towns of the cities. In one small farm community that is holding out next to a soy field, sprayed Roundup kills their livestock and crops, and sickens their children.
[FONT=宋体]一旦获得批准，大规模的农业企业开始购买巨型的拖拉机与砍伐原始森林来大规模量种植《防围捕除草剂》大豆（[/FONT]Roundup Ready soybean[FONT=宋体]）。转基因生物体（[/FONT]GMOs[FONT=宋体]）允许他们用飞机撒播或者机械化撒播；以没有农民的方式进行种植。曾经数代种田的农民不得不离开这些土地[/FONT] ? [FONT=宋体]每年有[/FONT]10[FONT=宋体]万农民离开农村区域住到大城市周边的棚屋区。在大豆田旁边坚持着的一个小的农村社区，喷洒的《围捕除草剂》杀死了他们的家畜与农作物，使他们的孩子得病。[/FONT]
Destroying farmers
[FONT=宋体]摧毁农民[/FONT]
US family farmers also feel the heat. Troy Roush is one of hundreds accused by Monsanto of illegally saving their seeds. The company requires farmers to sign a contract that they will not save and replant GM seeds from their harvest. That way Monsanto can sell its seeds―at a premium―each season.
[FONT=宋体]美国的家庭农场也感到压力。特洛伊・劳氏（[/FONT]Troy Roush[FONT=宋体]）是数百人之一遭到孟山都公司起诉，说他非法保留了他们的种子。孟山都公司要求农民们签署一项合同，承诺不得保留他们收割的产品作为重新种植的转基因种子。以这样的方式，孟山都公司可以每季高价销售它们的种子。[/FONT]
Although Roush maintains his innocence, he was forced to settle with Monsanto after two and a half years of court battles. He says his “family was just destroyed [from] the stress involved.” Many farmers are afraid, according to Roush, because Monsanto has “created a little industry that serves no other purpose than to wreck farmers’ lives.”
[FONT=宋体]尽管劳氏（[/FONT]Roush[FONT=宋体]）坚持他是清白的，在打了两年半官司后他被迫接受孟山都的条件。他说他的“家庭被遭受的压力毁掉了。”据劳氏（[/FONT]Roush[FONT=宋体]）介绍，许多农民害怕，因为孟山都“已经建立了一个除了毁坏农民的生活外没有其他目的的小产业。”[/FONT]
Massive farmer suicides
[FONT=宋体]造成许多农民自杀[/FONT]
In many countries where Monsanto monopolizes the seeds of certain crops, they eliminate non-GMO choices to force farmers to buy GM varieties. In India, for example, where Monsanto pushes their pesticide-producing Bt cotton, “there was no non-BT hybrid seed available in the market,” says agronomist Kiran Sakhari.
[FONT=宋体]在孟山都公司垄断了某些品种种子的许多国家，他们排除非转基因生物体之外的任何选择以便强迫农民购买转基因品种（[/FONT]GM varieties[FONT=宋体]）。在印度，举例来说，孟山都公司推销它们的“产生杀虫剂[/FONT]Bt[FONT=宋体]棉花“（[/FONT]pesticide-producing Bt cotton[FONT=宋体]），“在市场上已经没有非[/FONT]-BT[FONT=宋体]杂种了”，农学家凯然・萨克哈瑞（[/FONT]Kiran Sakhari[FONT=宋体]）说。[/FONT]
Farmers had to borrow heavily to pay four times the price for the GM varieties, along with the chemicals needed to grow them. In spite of glowing promises of higher yields by Monsanto’s ads, Bt cotton often performs poorly. Tragically, tens of thousands of indebted desperate farmers have resorted to suicide, often drinking unused pesticides. In one region, more than three Bt cotton farmers take their own lives each day.
[FONT=宋体]农民不得不大量借款支付四倍价格的转基因品种（[/FONT]GM varieties[FONT=宋体]）以及种植他们必须的化学品。除了孟山都公司广告中响亮保证的高产外，[/FONT]Bt[FONT=宋体]棉花的表现往往很差。非常悲惨，数万负债累累绝望了的农民选择自杀，通常喝掉没有用完的杀虫剂。在某个地区，每天有三名以上种植[/FONT]Bt[FONT=宋体]棉花的农民自杀。[/FONT]
Replacing Nature: “Nothing Shall Be Eaten That We Don’t Own”
[FONT=宋体]代替自然：“不要食用我们不拥有的任何食物”[/FONT]
Monsanto is the world’s largest seed company and many are concerned. Troy Roush says, “They are in the process of owning food, all food.” Paraguayan farmer Jorge Galeano says, “Its objective is to control all of the world’s food production.” Renowned Indian physicist and community organizer Vandana Shiva says, “If they control seed, they control food; they know it, it’s strategic. It’s more powerful than bombs; it’s more powerful than guns. This is the best way to control the populations of the world.”
[FONT=宋体]孟山多公司是世界上最大的种子公司因而许多人担心。（美国）特洛伊・劳氏（[/FONT]Troy Roush[FONT=宋体]）说，“”他们出于拥有食物，所有的食物的过程中。“巴拉圭农民杰奥治・伽里诺（[/FONT]Jorge Galeano[FONT=宋体]）说，“他们的目标是控制全球的食物生产。”著名印度物理学家与社区组织者凡达纳・施瓦（[/FONT]Vandana Shiva[FONT=宋体]）说，“如果他们控制种子，他们就控制了食物；他们对此很清楚，这是战略。这比炸弹更强有力；这比枪炮更强有力。这是控制全世界人口的最好方法。”[/FONT]
The World According to Monsanto is aptly named. It is about Monsanto seeking to recreate the world in its own image, for its own benefit. They intend to replace (and patent) the entire food supply. And since their genetic pollution self-propagates in the environment, it will outlast the effects of global warming and nuclear waste.
[FONT=宋体]世界，依据孟山都公司，被适宜地命名。这是关于孟山都公司企望以他们自己的想象与他们自己的利益再造这个世界的问题。他们打算对整个食品供应进行更换（并取得其专利）。自从他们的基因污染在环境中自我传播，最终它将活过全球温暖与何废料的效应。[/FONT]
Such widespread permanent influence may not be safe with any individual or company. With Monsanto’s record, the results can only be catastrophic.
[FONT=宋体]这样广泛传播的持久的影响对任何个人或公司都不是安全的。但是在孟山多公司历史记录的情况下，这种结果只可能是灾难性的。[/FONT]
This powerful documentary might just inspire a global rejection of Monsanto’s plans for our world. If so, it will be the most important film in history.
[FONT=宋体][FONT=ˎ]这个极具震撼力的纪录片可能会激起一场全球抵制运动，以对抗孟山都公司对我们这个世界的图谋。[/FONT][FONT=ˎ]”[/FONT]如果能够这样的话，这部影片将是历史上最重要的的影片。[/FONT]
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Jeffrey M. Smith is the international bestselling author of Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette, the executive director of the Institute for Responsible Technology, and director of The Campaign for Healthier Eating in America.
Jeffrey M. Smith[FONT=宋体]是国际上畅销书《欺骗的种子》（[/FONT]Seeds of Deception[FONT=宋体]）与《遗传赌局》（[/FONT]Genetic Roulette[FONT=宋体]）的作者，负责任技术研究院的执行主任，亦是美国《更健康饮食运动》的主任。[/FONT]
The World According to Monsanto is co-produced by the National Film Board of Canada, ARTE France, Image & Compagnie, WDR, and Les Productions Thalie.
[FONT=宋体]《孟山都公司眼中的世界》合作拍摄者为加拿大国家电影理事会、法国[/FONT]ARTE[FONT=宋体]、影像与运动、[/FONT]WDR[FONT=宋体]、以及[/FONT]Les Productions Thalie[FONT=宋体]。[/FONT]
但外面卖的牛奶价格差别很大。。有机和普通。。不解了。。
我总是懒得追究的。
