对于329后有打分,并且被使馆要求体检的,而629后又被切的人这个非常特殊的小团体,87.4的语言则是ambiguous 含糊的,不明确的,有歧义的。
ambiguous在哪里呢?
1。87.4没有要求VO在329后停止打分,停止对申请人做出selection decision
2。87.4没有禁止VO对329后打分的申请发放体检表。
3。87.4没有用unambiguous的语言宣布,329后的体检表要作废,体检表产生的独特vested rights要被国会收回。
加声望了有个很普遍的观点认为418判决书中有两个段落是宣布329后ME629前没DM的案子理应被合法切掉:
[34] The applicants point to CIC’s Operational Bulletin 442 which provides that applicants who
had not received a selection decision prior to March 29, 2012 but who had subsequently received a
selection decision and had their application finalized before June 29, 2012 are not affected by
section 87.4. This ensures that even if an application should have been terminated by section 87.4,
i.e., captured by having been decided during the transition period, the positive selection decision
stands if it was made before section 87.4 became law.
[35] In my view, if the FSW application had been determined before Bill C-38 received Royal
Assent then there was no pending application for section 87.4 to terminate. It ceased to be
“pending”. It was now spent. Section 87.4 only purports to terminate applications, not an
applicant’s file indicating that he or she has been accepted, much less a permanent residence visa
once it has been issued. Operational Bulletin 442 is consistent with this interpretation.
法官Rennie拐弯抹角的在这里说329到629之间VO做出的selection decision可以作废。这段话也成为ME官司的一个障碍,并且CIC的律师也引用这段话作为辩护的依据之一。
但是就目前法院的动静来看,似乎这段话并不构成ME能被合法切掉的依据,因为法官Beaudry已经给一个ME的个案grant leave了,初步认可了他的观点,被告方CIC则进入了必须为自己defend的阶段。
关于329和629产生的诸多悖论,我很早就通过帖子和邮件的方式进行了论述。现在我又提炼了不少新的论点,来源正是418判决书。
Justice Rennie在418判决书里提供了如何解读interpret 87.4条款的权威方法:
[19] The modern approach to statutory interpretation is set out by E. A. Driedger in Construction
of Statutes (2nd ed. 1983), p 87: “…the words of an Act are to be read in their entire context and in
their grammatical and ordinary sense harmoniously with the scheme of the Act, the object of the
Act, and the intention of Parliament.” As a corollary to this, when the language of the statute is
precise and unequivocal, the ordinary meaning of the words plays a dominant role in the interpretive
process: Celgene Corp v Canada (Attorney General), 2011 SCC 1, [2011] 1 SCR 3, para 21.
[22] Courts will not interpret legislation in a manner that removes existing rights or entitlements
unless Parliament’s intention to do so is clear. However, when a statute is unambiguous, there is no
role for presumptions or interpretive aids, and the courts may not apply any of the interpretive
presumptions noted earlier
[23] Here, the ordinary meaning of the provision governs. The meaning and effect of the word
“terminated” is clear. Section 87.4, by its terms, is explicitly designed to apply retrospectively to
applications dated before February 27, 2008 and to eliminate the obligation to further process
pending applications. The plain and obvious meaning of section 87.4 requires that the provision be
retrospective and interfere with vested rights, regardless of any perceived unfairness. The three
presumptions relied on by the applicants are displaced by the clarity of Parliament’s intention.
Further, to interpret the section otherwise would leave it without any effect beyond refunding the
application fee.
这里有个关键词:unambiguous
简明英汉词典
unambiguous
D.J.[ˌʌnæmˈbiɡjuəs]
K.K.[ˌʌnæmˈbɪɡjuəs]
adj.
不含糊的; 清楚的; 明确的
新牛津英汉双解大词典
unambiguous
adjective
not open to more than one interpretation
不含糊的,明确的,无歧义的
法官认为Here, the ordinary meaning of the provision governs,87.4条文最普通的字面意义就是它的法律效力,87.4的语言文字是unambiguous的。
87.4所表述的切案范围毫无疑问适用于所有329前没打分,没SD的人,包括旧政补料完整的,91有S2的,以及无S2的人。对于这些人,它就是unambiguous,但是对于329后有打分,并且被使馆要求体检的,而629后又被切的人这个非常特殊的小团体,87.4的语言则是ambiguous 含糊的,不明确的,有歧义的。
ambiguous在哪里呢?
1。87.4没有要求VO在329后停止打分,停止对申请人做出selection decision
2。87.4没有禁止VO对329后打分的申请发放体检表。
3。87.4没有用unambiguous的语言宣布,329后的体检表要作废,体检表产生的独特vested rights要被国会收回。
事实上,ZHU FEI判决书里也提到了329到629期间是个法律真空状态:
There is no transitional provision to address applications that were decided after March 29, 2012 and before the new provisions were passed into law on June 29, 2012.
http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2013/2013fc155/2013fc155.html
给完成了体检的人切案的CIC触犯了哪一条底线呢?
它明明知道329前没给出SD的人是要被切掉的,但仍然在这个日期后继续做SD,继续发放体检表,并且没有警示该案件可能会被terminate。这就毫无疑问违反了最基本的程序上的公平 procedure fairness。
给完成了体检的人切案的CIC触犯了哪一条底线呢?
它明明知道329前没给出SD的人是要被切掉的,但仍然在这个日期后继续做SD,继续发放体检表,并且没有警示该案件可能会被terminate。这就毫无疑问违反了最基本的程序上的公平 procedure fairness。
我這兩天在這裡溜了一點時間, 我的個人觀感是, 有 S2 / ME 似乎都很有理據爭取勝算, 一來程序走得更前, 二來人數很少
但沒有 S2 / ME 的人, 似乎成功很渺望, 因為人數眾多, 又如果大赦, 真的不敢想像結果是怎樣
所以我都不敢抱任何期望, 只能說祝願有 S2 / ME 的人能一償移民心願吧!
不存在“大赦”一说,如果起诉是以“大赦”为诉求的,那就百分之百会失败。如果CIC能“大赦”,那就没必要出台87.4法律了。全部大赦了,法律不就成了无用的摆设?
那是不是只有勝訴跟敗訴兩條路, 勝訴就只有起訴人可以繼續移民進程, 敗訴就一定不能移民?
另外現在這幾個起訴組別, 去到那一級法院? 尚有那一級法院 (假設敗訴及會不斷上訴至最終)?
为”程序公平”喝彩,按照同样逻辑,更坚信TIM组614前后的应当得到同样的判决:
第一. 新法颁布时,仅仅宣布申请人不得就被切案进行诉讼,而没有规定申请人不得就CIC之前的非法拖延进行诉讼,非法拖延及被切案是两种性质完全不同的诉因。而且新法中也没有明文禁止被切案的人不能参与正在进行中且没有关闭的拖延类诉讼。
第二.由于614的判决被拒绝承认及执行,因此对此拖延官司来言,614这个日期并不是官司真正的终点。因为受比第一次判决日晚出台的新法的影响,原被告双方对于新法对案子的影响有争议,需要再次判决确认。
第三。如果法官明知614后的人不能适用同样的判决,则应当停止接受新的诉讼人加入,并强制CIC执行判决。相信法官当时同意接受新诉讼人加入也是按照按正常司法流程来理解并执行的。
如果从目前时间点来看,3.29至6.29之间已获得ME的申请已经在程序上获得了一种"已然"的权利或状态。那么同样的,从目前时间点来看,TIM614后的已获承认与614之前有同样的诉权并且已被成功加入了同一诉因。从诉讼程序公平的角度来说,对同一案子享有“vested right"。
此外,每个申请人都是通过单独挂号寄件的方式提出申请并且得到申请案号的,那么即使申请人被切案尤其是丧失实体上的诉权,如果没有个案得到CIC书面正式通知,凭什么判决申请人何时丧失对于延迟审理的诉权呢?事实上,CIC对于每个个案的审理及处置结果,包括每个流程,历来都是以个案平邮信件作为法律依据的,无论签证成功,被拒,申请被退回,要求补充材料,要求体检等。为什么偏偏在切案这一重大实体决定上,要以互联网发布的广而告之的信息作为个案当事人应当收到或知悉的依据,是不公平且荒唐的。
哈, 對不起我對加拿大的法制不熟悉, 我唯一一印像是, 為何起訴日期會對結果有影響? 我一直都以為只跟起訴人的背景 (例如申請日期) 有關
准确说并不是起诉日期对结果有影响,而是双方签订的协议的具体内容对结果有影响。
协议规定代表案例的判决结果出台之日就是该组停止加人的时间,代表案例只能代表判决出来之前加进来的人。这个才是关键。
假如没有C38法律在6月29生效,那么后续起诉的人当然能直接适应判决。可是事实是:从2012年6月29这天起,加拿大的移民法已经彻底变了。老案子用老法,新案子用新法,就是这么简单。
那麼現在是不是有以下人種:
1) 28/06/2012 前起訴的人, 有 ME
2) 28/06/2012 前起訴的人, 沒有 ME
3) 29/06/2012 後起訴的人, 有 ME
4) 29/06/2012 後起訴的人, 沒有 ME
5) 沒有起訴的人
另一樣不明白, 老案子是指案子交表日期, 還是起訴日期?
它明明知道329前没给出SD的人是要被切掉的,但仍然在这个日期后继续做SD,继续发放体检表,并且没有警示该案件可能会被terminate。629后由于VO的人为拖延和其他不可抗力的因素导致这类案件没DM,CIC在没有法律支持的情况下,擅自告知申请人案子被terminate,这就毫无疑问违反了最基本的程序上的公平 procedure fairness。
[22] Courts will not interpret legislation in a manner that removes existing rights or entitlements
unless Parliament’s intention to do so is clear. However, when a statute is unambiguous, there is no
role for presumptions or interpretive aids, and the courts may not apply any of the interpretive
presumptions noted earlier
[19] The modern approach to statutory interpretation is set out by E. A. Driedger in Construction
of Statutes (2nd ed. 1983), p 87: “…the words of an Act are to be read in their entire context and in
their grammatical and ordinary sense harmoniously with the scheme of the Act, the object of the
Act, and the intention of Parliament.” As a corollary to this, when the language of the statute is precise and unequivocal, the ordinary meaning of the words plays a dominant role in the interpretive
process: Celgene Corp v Canada (Attorney General), 2011 SCC 1, [2011] 1 SCR 3, para 21.
謝謝你很詳細的分析 , 不過因為我只是這幾天才多看看, 請恕我不太明白你部份分析
因為我跟我朋友都是沒有 ME, 所以我比較關心沒有 ME 的, 請問:
1) 其實我仍然不太明白 Tim 組 / 614 的分野, 這班人是不是去年三月被切的一班人? 還是在去年三月被切前已經在起訴中?
2) 除了 Tim 組, 沒有訴訟的人跟有訴訟的人有甚麼分別?
另外, 這宗案件只能打到 Supreme Court? 因為以前在香港, 最高級別的法院, 是在倫敦的樞密院, 加拿大不是這樣的法制?
它明明知道329前没给出SD的人是要被切掉的,但仍然在这个日期后继续做SD,继续发放体检表,并且没有警示该案件可能会被terminate。629后由于VO的人为拖延和其他不可抗力的因素导致这类案件没DM,CIC在没有法律支持的情况下,擅自告知申请人案子被terminate,这就毫无疑问违反了最基本的程序上的公平 procedure fairness。
再来看看87.4条文的语言,它规定了329前没SD的要被切,并且最后一条87.4(5)规定被切的人无权索赔。
如果法庭继续厚着脸皮袒护CIC,认为它的双重切人标准是对的,那么ME组就可再辟蹊径,发起绕开87.4(5)的金钱索赔。
如果要我认栽由于selection decision是在329后得到的,所以要被切,那我就来告你为什么明明知道要被切,还要继续给我做SD发ME呢?去做体检白花了那么多钱,CIC可以不赔吗?CIC哪里来的法律依据能先骗你去体检,再告知你的案子作废了?难道有一条法律规定移民部长能按照他的主观意愿,想怎么忽悠怎么骗人都合法???
ME组发起的这个索赔,不是针对案子被切,而是针对CIC明明知道案子会被切仍然忽悠人骗人,这个特定的行为来发起索赔。这样的索赔,完全没有法律禁止!
最终是法官嘴大说了算,你的分析看起来在法庭上还可以一辩,但愿法官能接受!
为何明文规定的日期事实执行不了,而需要司法解释?
329这个日期已经是成为“ambiguous”而无法适用了
这一条只是说329前没得到SD的案子要被terminate,没有说从329那天起,VO就不准继续给申请人打分做出selection decision,没有禁止VO给这个日期后得到positive selection decision的人发放ME。
"如果一个案子需要经过两次判决,到底是以哪一次判明决出台的日期为准呢?第一次还是第二次,按通常理解,只有后一次判决才是有效的终审判决。
。
如果614后的人能顺利被LIANG引导,那也太扯谈了吧。如果有这个可能性,那么28万人就全部胜诉了,其他律师根本不用另起炉灶了,直接把他们的起诉人加到TIM这里来,那就都成功了不是吗?这听起来像是天方夜谭对吧。
这条论据好像有偷换概念之嫌,首先起诉人与非起诉人是有实质区别的,目前TIM不再有可能再加人了,非起诉人当时有机会进来却没进来,已经从实体上放弃了诉权。至于614前后是两个诉还是一个诉,是由法官说了算。在这个荒唐的年代,有什么是不可能的么?切案,放水,高兴怎么解释就怎么解释?S87.4没有将诉讼人分为614前或后的,614判决中也没有明文规定不准再加人,对于同于与LIANG一样被非法拖延的诉讼人,为什么就不能受LIANG引导呢?!
[34] The applicants point to CIC’s Operational Bulletin 442 which provides that applicants who
had not received a selection decision prior to March 29, 2012 but who had subsequently received a
selection decision and had their application finalized before June 29, 2012 are not affected by
section 87.4. This ensures that even if an application should have been terminated by section 87.4,
i.e., captured by having been decided during the transition period, the positive selection decision
stands if it was made before section 87.4 became law.
[35] In my view, if the FSW application had been determined before Bill C-38 received Royal
Assent then there was no pending application for section 87.4 to terminate. It ceased to be
“pending”. It was now spent. Section 87.4 only purports to terminate applications, not an
applicant’s file indicating that he or she has been accepted, much less a permanent residence visa
once it has been issued. Operational Bulletin 442 is consistent with this interpretation.
法官Rennie拐弯抹角的在这里说329到629之间VO做出的selection decision可以作废。这段话也成为ME官司的一个障碍,并且CIC的律师也引用这段话作为辩护的依据之一。
我也翻墙进来的
现在好了,不需要翻墙了。
[35] In my view, if the FSW application had been determined before Bill C-38 received Royal
Assent then there was no pending application for section 87.4 to terminate. It ceased to be
“pending”. It was now spent. Section 87.4 only purports to terminate applications, not an applicant’s file indicating that he or she has been accepted, much less a permanent residence visa
once it has been issued. Operational Bulletin 442 is consistent with this interpretation.
Simon兄,你让我想起很多年前我和台北一家电台的书信往来:
台湾人真的太友善了耶!
Kurland apparently pleaded something for the ME, for the Crown's consideration.
Oral directions of the Court: The Honourable Mr. Justice Barnes dated 18-SEP-2013 directing , 'Please advise all counsel that the Court will respond once responses have been received from the Crown and any other interested parties. Responses should be received within 7 days. Mr. Kurland should circulate an amended page 1 to the Court and to all counsel.' (Sent to parties on 19-Sep) received on 18-SEP-2013 Confirmed in writing to the party(ies)
And Tim had a chance to comment on Kurland's letter
Letter from TE Leahy, Barrister and Solicitor, dated 23-SEP-2013 advising that he has no comment to make with respect to Mr Kurland's letter dated 18-Sep-2013 received on 23-SEP-2013
And Tim may have another letter to the CMJ
- 2013-09-23 Vancouver Communication to the Court from the Registry dated 23-SEP-2013 re: Letter from Mr TE Leahy sent to CMJ
Kurland apparently pleaded something for the ME, for the Crown's consideration.
Oral directions of the Court: The Honourable Mr. Justice Barnes dated 18-SEP-2013 directing , 'Please advise all counsel that the Court will respond once responses have been received from the Crown and any other interested parties. Responses should be received within 7 days. Mr. Kurland should circulate an amended page 1 to the Court and to all counsel.' (Sent to parties on 19-Sep) received on 18-SEP-2013 Confirmed in writing to the party(ies)
消极等待? 那这些是什么?
DocDate FiledOfficeRecorded Entry Summary-2013-10-03VancouverOral directions received from the Court: The Honourable Mr. Justice Barnes dated 02-OCT-2013 directing that "These Application Records are accepted for filing. The usual dates for Respondent's filings will apply." placed on file on 03-OCT-201362013-09-26VancouverApplicant's Record Number of copies received/prepared: 2 on behalf of Applicant with proof of service upon Respondent on 26-SEP-2013 filed on 26-SEP-2013
Kurland apparently pleaded something for the ME, for the Crown's consideration.
Oral directions of the Court: The Honourable Mr. Justice Barnes dated 18-SEP-2013 directing , 'Please advise all counsel that the Court will respond once responses have been received from the Crown and any other interested parties. Responses should be received within 7 days. Mr. Kurland should circulate an amended page 1 to the Court and to all counsel.' (Sent to parties on 19-Sep) received on 18-SEP-2013 Confirmed in writing to the party(ies)
And Tim had a chance to comment on Kurland's letter
Letter from TE Leahy, Barrister and Solicitor, dated 23-SEP-2013 advising that he has no comment to make with respect to Mr Kurland's letter dated 18-Sep-2013 received on 23-SEP-2013
And Tim may have another letter to the CMJ
- 2013-09-23 Vancouver Communication to the Court from the Registry dated 23-SEP-2013 re: Letter from Mr TE Leahy sent to CMJ
如果不发帖讨论官司,不知道发帖讨论生活情趣如何,总觉得在进度版发“进度”无关的帖子不合适。
现在是各种水果成熟的季节,我每天变着花样做各种花果茶饮料之类的,品种多得喝不完。我用柚子做绿茶或者红茶,有时候再加点鲜榨的柠檬汁、橙汁或者苹果汁,再用这几种水果做混合果汁加冰块,还有香蕉奶昔。各种花草比如玫瑰,杭白菊,桂花,迷迭香(rosemary),甘草等等按照养生效果调配,最后根据不同的饮品分别用各种形状大小的玻璃杯或者瓷杯装入,大功告成后捧在手里的感觉实在太好啦!
推荐一个配方:用料理机把生姜加水榨成汁,倒进壶里加热,然后在茶壶里放好柠檬草(lemongrass)以及绿茶,茶杯里放入新鲜柠檬片,等姜汁煮沸后稍等片刻让水温降到90度左右再冲入茶壶,浸泡一分钟内倒入茶杯,再挤入几滴柠檬汁。根据水量可以冲两到三次,我一般在最后一泡加入蜂蜜。这个茶实在太香太劲道啦!看着玻璃杯里的柠檬片漂浮在淡黄色的茶汤上也感到很愉快!这个季节喝它不仅delicious而且适合预防感冒!我几乎从不感冒,小感冒的频率两三年一次吧。
花草茶我也很爱,但是没有你这么深入研究。。。
还有一个姜做的热饮,姜汁撞奶,热呼呼的一杯,冬天捧在手里,坐在北方的有暖气的家里,最好是一个有风景的窗边。。。很美
4,11月11号上淘宝疯狂扫货